Increased interleukin-6 mRNA expression in blood and cerebrospinal fluid mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis

Journal of Neuroimmunology

Volumn 64, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 63-69

  Navikas, V ^a   Matusevicius, D ^a   Soderstrom M ^a   Fredrikson, S ^a   Kivisäkk, Pia ^a   Ljungdahl, A ^a   Hojeberg B ^a   Link, H ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Autoimmunity; Cerebrospinal fluid; Cytokines; Interleukin 6; Multiple sclerosis

Indexed keywords

INTERLEUKIN 6; MESSENGER RNA;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; MALE; MONONUCLEAR CELL; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0030042614     PISSN: 01655728     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0165-5728(95)00155-7     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Araga, S., Takai, H. and Takahashi, K. (1991) Interleukin-6 levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. Jpn. J. Psych. Neurol. 45, 879-883.
2. Dagerlind, Å., Friberg, K., Bean, A.J. and Hökfelt, T. (1992) Sensitive mRNA detection using unfixed tissue: combined radioactive and non-radioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry. Histochemistry 98, 39-49.
3. Deibler, G.E., Martensson, R.E. and Kies, M.V. (1972) Large scale preparation of myelin basic protein from central nervous tissue of several animal species. Prep. Biochem. 2, 139-165.
4. Frei, K., Leist, T.P., Meager, A., Gallo, P., Leppert, D., Zinkernagel, R.M. and Fontana, A. (1988) Production of B cell stimulatory factor 2 and interferon-γ in the central nervous system during viral meningitis and encephalitis. Evaluation in a murine model infection and in patients. J. Exp. Med. 168, 449-453.
5. Frei, K., Malipiero, U.V., Leist, T.P., Zinkernagel, T.P., Schwab, M.E. and Fontana, A. (1989) On the cellular source and function of interleukin 6 produced in the central nervous system in viral diseases. Eur. J. Immunol. 19, 689-694.
6. Frei, K., Fredrikson, S., Fontana, A. and Link, H. (1991) Interleukin-6 is elevated in plasma in multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 31, 147-153.
7. Gijbels, K., van Damme, J., Proost, P., Put, W., Carton, H. and Billiau, A. (1990) Interleukin 6 production in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur. J. Immunol. 20, 233-235.
8. Hampson, D.R. and Poduslo, S.E. (1986) Purification of proteolipid protein and production of specific antiserum. J. Immunol. 11, 117-129.
9. Hirano, T. (1994) Interleukin-6. In: A. Thomson (Ed.), The Handbook of Cytokines. Academic Press, London, pp. 145-169.
10. Houssiau, F. and van Snick, J. (1992) IL-6 and the T cell response. Res. Immunol. 143, 740-743.
11. Houssiau, F.A., Bukasa, K., Sindic, C.J.M., van Damme, J. and van Snick, J. (1988) Elevated levels of the 26K human hybridoma growth factor (interleukin 6) in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute infection of the central nervous system. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 71, 320-323.
12. Imamura, K., Suzumura, A., Hauashi, F. and Marunouschi, T. (1993) Cytokine production by peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages in multiple sclerosis patients. Acta Neurol. Scand. 87, 281-285.
13. Kurtzke, J.F. (1983) Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 33, 1444-1452.
14. Koph, M., Baumann, H., Freer, G., Freudenberg, M., Lamers, M., Kishimoto, T., Zinkernagel, R., Bluethmann, H. and Köhler, G. (1994) Impaired immune and acute-phase responses in interleukin-6-deficient mice. Nature 368, 339-342.
15. Laurenzi, M.A., Mavra, M., Kam-Hansen, S. and Link, H. (1980) Oligoclonal IgG and free light chains in multiple sclerosis demonstrated by thin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing and immunofixation. Ann. Neurol. 8, 241-247.
16. Link, H. (1972) Oligoclonal immunoglobulin G in multiple sclerosis brains. J. Neurol. Sci. 16, 103-114.
17. Link, H. (1991) The cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. In: M. Swash and J. Oxbury (Eds.), Textbook of Neurology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp. 1128-1139.
18. Link, J. (1994) Interferon-γ, interleukin-4 and transforming growth factor-ß mRNA expression in multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis. Acta Neurol. Scand. 90 (Suppl.), S1-S58.
19. Link, H. and Tibbling, G. (1977) Principles of albumin and IgG analyses in neurological disorders. II. Influence of serum concentration on CSF and evaluation of blood-brain barrier damage. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 37, 391-396.
20. Link, J., Söderström, M., Olsson, T., Höjeberg, B., Ljungdahl, Å. and Link, H. (1994a) Increased TGF-ß, IL-4 and IFN-γ in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 36, 379-386.
21. Link, J., Söderström, M., Ljungdahl, Å., Höjeberg, B., Olsson, T., Xu, Z., Fredrikson, S., Wang, Z.-Y. and Link, H. (1994b) Organ-specific autoantigens induce IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA expression in mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis. Neurology 44, 728-734.
22. Lu, C.Z., Jensen, M.A. and Arnason, B.G.W. (1993) Interferon-γ and interleukin-4-secreting cells in multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 46, 123-128.
23. Maimone, D., Gregory, S., Arnason, B.G. and Reder, A.T. (1991) Cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 32, 67-74.
24. Maimone, D., Reder, A.T. and Gregory, S. (1993) T-cell lymphokine-induced secretion of cytokines from patients with multiple sclerosis. Cell. Immunol. 146, 96-106.
25. Martin, R., McFarland, H. and McFarlin, D.E. (1992) Immunological aspects of demyelinating diseases. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 10, 153-187.
26. Muraguchi, A., Hirano, T., Tang, B., Matsuda, T., Horii, Y., Nakajima, K. and Kishimoto, T. (1988) The essential role of B cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2/IL-6) for terminal differentiation of B cells. J. Exp. Med. 167, 332-344.
27. Navikas, V., Link, J., Palasik, W., Söderström, M., Fredrikson, S., Olsson, T. and Link, H. (1995a) Increased mRNA expression of IL-10 in mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. Scand. J. Immunol. 41, 171-178.
28. Navikas, V., He, B., Link, J., Haglund, M., Söderström, M., Fredrikson, S., Höjeberg, B., Qiao, J., Olsson, T. and Link, H. (1995b) Augmented expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and lymphotoxin mRNA in mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. Brain, in press.