Gender differences in pharmacokinetics

European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 123-128

  Gleiter, C H ^a   Gundert Remy, U ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^b Inst of Pharmacology and Toxicology   (Germany)

Author keywords

Clinical implications; Gender differences; Pharmacokinetics

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; CYTOCHROME P450 ISOENZYME; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; SEX HORMONE;

CONFERENCE PAPER; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG CONJUGATION; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG GLUCURONIDATION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG PROTEIN BINDING; ENZYME ACTIVITY; FEMALE; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; LIVER METABOLISM; MALE; PHARMACOKINETICS; PREGNANCY; SEX DIFFERENCE; URINARY EXCRETION;

EID: 0030036891     PISSN: 03787966     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF03190260     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (69)

1. Fiebach N.H., Viscoli C.M., Horwitz R.I. (1990) : Differences between women and man in survival after myocardial infarction: biology or methodology? JAMA, 263, 1092-1096.
2. Kando J.K., Yonkers K.A., Cole J.O. (1995) : Gender as a risk factor for adverse events to medications. Drugs, 50, 1-6.
3. Swam J.R., Reinstein P.F. (1992) : Annual Adverse Drug Experience Report. FDA Report.
4. Hamilton J.A., Yonkers K.A. (1995) : Sex differences in pharmacokinetics of psychotropic medications. Part I: Physiological basis for effects. In: Jensvold, M.J., Halbreich, U., Hamilton, J.A., (Eds) Psychopharmacology of Women: Sex, Gender and Hormonal Considerations. 1st edn, Vol. 1. Washington DC, American Psychiatric Press.
5. Date F.L.I., Christian P E., Moore J. (1987) : Gender-related differences in gastric emptying. Nucl. Med., 28, 384-391.
6. Walfi A., Van Thiel D.H., Hoechstetter L., et al. (1981) : Gastrointestinal transit: the effect of menstrual cycle. Gastroenterology, 80, 1497-1500.
7. Horowitz M., Maddern G.J., Chatterton B.E. (1985) : The normal menstrual cycle has no effect on gastric emptying. Br. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 28, 743-774.
8. Sweeting J. (1992) : Does the time of the month affect the function of the gut? Gastroenterology, 102, 1084-1085.
9. Aarons L., Hopkins K., Rowland M., et al. (1989) : Route of administration and sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of aspirin, administered as its lysine salt. Pharm. Res., 6, 660-666.
10. Ho P.C., Triggs E.J., Bourn D.W.A., et al. (1985) : Effects of age and sex on the disposition of acetylsalicylic acid and its metabolites. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 19, 675-684.
11. Miaskewicz S.L., Shilvelly CA., Vesell E.S. (1982) : Sex differences in absorption kinetics of sodium salicylate. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 31, 30-37.
12. Jones B.M., Jones M.K. (1976) : Alcohol effects in women during the menstrual cycle. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 273, 576-587.
13. Verbeeck R.C., Cardinal J.-A., Wallace S.M. (1984) : Effect of age and sex on the plasma binding of acidic and basic dugs. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 27, 91-97.
14. Wilson K. (1984) : Sex-related differences in drug disposition in man. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 9, 189-202.
15. Routledge P.A., Stargel W.W., Kitchell B.B. et al. (1981) : Sex-related differences in the plasma protein binding of lignocaine and diazepam. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 11, 245-250.
16. Abel S.G., Sellerrs E.M., Naranjo C.A., et al. (1979) : Interand infra-subject variation in diazepam free fraction. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 26, 247-255.
17. Roberts R.K., Desmond P.V., Wilkinson G.R., et al. (1979) : Disposition of chlordiazepoxide: sex differences and effects of oral contraceptives. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 25, 826-831.
18. Kristensen C.B. (1983) : Imipramine serum protein binding in healthy subjects. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 34, 689-694.
19. Rowland M., Tozer T.N. (1989) : Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Philadelphia, Lea & Febinger.
20. Holazo A.A., Winkler M.B., Patel I.E. (1988) : Effects of gender and oral contraceptives on intramuscular midazolam pharmacokinetics. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 28, 10040-1045.
21. Greenblatt D.J., Abernethy D.R., Locniskar A., et al. (1984) : Effect of age, gender, and obesity on midazolam kinetics. Anesthesiology, 61, 27-36.
22. Jochemsen R., Van der Graf M., Boeijinga J.K., et al. (1982) : Influence of sex, menstrual cycle, and oral contraceptives on the disposition of nitrazepam. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 13, 319-324.
23. Kietzman D., Briede I., Bouillon T., Michaelis H.C., Gundert-Remy U., Kettler D. (1996) : Pharmacokinetics of piritramide after intravenous bolus injection in surgical patients. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand., In press.
24. Nafziger A.N., Bertino Jr J.S. (1989) : Sex-related differences in theophylline pharmacokinetics. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 37, 97-100.
25. Cuzzoli L., Schinella M., Tellini U. (1990) : The effect of sex and cardiac failure on the pharmacokinetics of a slow-release theophylline formulation in the elderly. Pharmacol. Res., 22, 137-138.
26. Jennings T.S., Nafziger A.N., Davidson L., et al. (1993) : Gender differences in hepatic induction and inhibition of theophylline pharmacokinetics and metabolism. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 122, 208-216.
27. Relling M.V., Lin J.S., Ayers G.D., et al. (1992) : Racial and gender differences in N-acetyltransferase, xanthine oxidase, and CYP1A2 activities. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 52, 643-658.
28. Ereshefsky L., Saklad S.R., Watanabe M.D., et al. (1991) : Thiothixene pharmacokinetic interactions: a study of hepatic enzyme inducers, and demographic variables. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 11, 296-301.
29. Bruguerolle B, Toumi M., Fraj F., et al. (1990) : Influence of menstrual cycle on theophylline pharmacokinetics in asthmatics. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 39, 59-61.
30. Lane J.D., Steege J.F., Rupp S.L., et al. (1992) : Menstrual cycle effects on caffeine elimination in the human female. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 43, 543-546.
31. Lobo J, Rack D., Kendall M.J. (1986) : The intra- and inter-subject variability of nifedipine pharmacokinetics in young volunteers. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 30, 57-60.
32. Lemmens H.J.M., Burm A.G.L. Hennis P.J., et al. (1990) : Influence of age on the pharmacokinetics of alfentanil. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 19, 416-422.
33. Sitar D., Duke P.C., Benthuysen J.L., et al. (1989) : Aging and alfentanil disposition in healthy volunteers and surgical patients. Can. J. Anaesthesiot., 36, 149-154.
34. Yee G.C., Lennon T.P., Gmur D.J., et al. (1986) : Age-dependent cyclosporine: pharmacokinetics in marrow transplant recipients. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 40, 438-443.
35. Kahan B.D., Kramer W.G., Wideman C., et al. (1986) : Demographic factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine estimated by radioimmunoassay. Transplantation, 41, 459-464.
36. Watkins P.B. (1994) : Noninvasive tests of CYP3A enzymes. Pharmacogenetics, 4, 171-184.
37. Austin K.L., Mather L.E., Philpot C.R., et al. (1980) : Intersubject and dose-related variability after intravenous administration of erythromycin. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 10, 237-239.
38. Watkins P.B., Wrighton S.A., Maurel P., et al. (1985) : Identification of an inducible form of cytochrome P-450 in human liver. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82, 6310-6314.
39. Watkins P.B., Turgeon D.K, Saenger P., et al. (1992) : Comparison of urinary 6-beta-cortisol and erythromycin breath test as measures of hepatic P450IIIA (CYP3A) activity. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 52, 265-273.
40. Lew K.H., Ludwig E.A., Milad M.A., et al. (1993) : Gender-based effects on methylprednisolone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 54, 402-414.
41. Meffin P.J., Brooks P.N.M., Sallustio B.C. (1984) : Alterations in prednisolone disposition as a result of time of administration, gender and dose. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 17, 395-404.
42. Hulst L.K., Fleishaker J.C., Peters G.R., et al. (1994) : Effect of age and gender on tirilazad pharmacokinetics in humans. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 55, 378-384.
43. Alvan G., Bechtel P., Iselius L., Gundert-Remy U. (1990) : The hydroxylation polymorphisms of debrisoquine and mephenytoin in European populations. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 39, 533-537.
44. Brosen K., Gram L.F. (1986) : Clinical significance of the sparteine/debrisoquine oxidation polymorphism. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 36, 537-547.
45. Gram L.F., Brosen K., Sindrup S., Skjelbo. (1995) : Genetic and interethnic variability in drug metabolism: what are the clinical consequences? In: Alvan G., Balant L.P., Bechtel P.R., Boobis A.R., Gram L.F., Paintaud G., Pithan K. (Eds) European Conference on Specificity and Variability in Drug Metabolism. Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, pp. 235-245.
46. Wrighton S.A., Stevens J.C. (1992) : The human hepatic cytochromes P450 involved in drug metabolism. Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 22, 1-21.
47. Leeman T.D., Transon C., Bonnabry P., et al. (1993) : A major role for cytochrome P450TB (CYP2C subfamily) in the actions of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 19, 189-195.
48. Rugstad H.E., Hundal O., Holme I., et al. (1986) : Piroxicam and naproxen plasma concentrations in patients with osteoarthritis: relation to age, sex, efficacy and adverse events. Clin. Rheumatol., 5, 389-398.
49. Richardson C.J., Blocka K.L.N., Ross S.G., et al. (1985) : Effects of age and sex on piroxicam disposition. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 37, 13-18.
50. Miners J.O., Robson R.A., Birkett D.J. (1984) : Gender and oral contraceptive steroids as determinants of drug glucuronidation: effects on clofibrinic acid elimination. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 18, 240-243.
51. Greenblatt D.J., Abernethy D.A., Matlis R., et al. (1984) : Absorption and distribution of ibuprofen in the elderly. Arthritis Rheum., 27, 1066-1069.
52. Miners J.O., Attwood J., Birkett D.J. (1983) : Influence of sex and oral contraceptive steroids on paracetamol metabolism. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 16, 503-509.
53. Macdonald J.L., Herman R.J., Verbeek R.K. (1990) : Sex-difference and the effects of smoking and oral contraceptive steroids on the kinetics of diflunisal. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 38, 175-179.
54. Wedel M., Pieters I.E., Pikaar N.A., et al. (1991) : Application of a three compartment model to a study of the effects of sex, alcohol dose and concentration, exercise and food consumption on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol in healthy volunteers. Alcohol, 26, 329-336.
55. Port R.E., Daniel B., Ding R.W. (1991) : Relative importance of body surface area, sex, and age for 5-fluorouracil clearance. Oncology, 48, 277-281.
56. Milano G., Etienne M.C., Cassuto-Viguier E. (1992) : Influence of sex and age on fluorouracil clearance. J. Clin. Oncol., 10, 1171-1175.
57. Cockcroft D.W., Gault M.H. (1976) : Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron, 16, 31-41.
58. Gaudry S.E., Sitar D.S., Smyth D.D. (1993) : Gender and age as factors in the inhibition of renal clearance of amantadine by quinine and quinidine. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 54, 23-27.
59. Hildebrandt R., Weitzel H., Warnke K., Gundert-Remy U. (1993) : Pharmacokinetics of fenoterol in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 275-277.
60. Hildebrandt R., Wagner B., Preiss-Nowtohour K., Gundert-Remy U. (1994) : Fenoterol metabolism in man: sulphation versus glucuronidation. Xenobiotica, 24, 71-77.
61. Davis C.E., Leffingwell D.P. (1990) : Empirical Bayes estimates of subgroup effects in clinical trials. Controlled Clin. Trials, 11, 37-42.
62. Yusuf S., Wittes J., Probstfield J., Tyroler H.A. (1990) : Analysis and interpretation of treatment effects in subgroup of patients in randomized clinical trials. JAMA, 266, 93-98.
63. Allgulander C., Nasman P. (1991) : Regular hypnotic drug treatment in a sample of 32 679 Swedes. Association with somatic and mental health, inpatient psychiatric diagnoses and suicide, derived with automated record linkage. Psychosom. Med., 53, 101-108.
64. Rosholm J.U., Hallas J., Gram L.F. (1993) : Outpatient utilization of antidepressants: a prescription database analysis. J. Affect. Disord., 27, 21-28.
65. Schmucker D.L., Vesell E.S. (1993) : Underrepresentation of women in clinical drug trials. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 54, 11-15.
66. Elks M.L. (1993) : The right to participate in research studies. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 122, 130-136.
67. Von Bahr C., Ekblom M., Knoph L., Salmonsson T., Sjöberg P. (1995) : Specificity and variability in drug metabolism: regulatory point of view. In: Alvan G., Balant L.P., Bechtel P.R., Boobis A.R., Gram L.F., Paintaud G., Pithan K. (Eds) European Conference on Specificity and Variability in Drug Metabolism. Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, pp. 285-290.
68. Fisher B., Wolmark N., Rockette H., et al. (1988) : Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for rectal cancer: results from NSABP protocol R-01. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 80, 21-29.
69. Merkatz R. B., Temple R., Sobel S., Feiden K., Kessler D.A., Working Group on Women in Clinical Trials (1993) : Women in clinical trials of new drugs - -a change in Food and Drug Administration policy. N. Engl. J. Med., 329, 292-296.