Perioperative patient management of free flaps

Facial Plastic Surgery

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 13-18

  Truelson, John M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGIOGENESIS; DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; FREE TISSUE GRAFT; GRAFT PATENCY; ISCHEMIA; MICROVASCULAR SURGERY; PATIENT MONITORING; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; REVIEW; SURGICAL RISK;

EID: 0030036863     PISSN: 07366825     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1064487     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Urken ML, Weinberg H, Buchbinder D, et al: Microvascular free flaps in head and neck reconstruction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 120:633-640, 1994
2. Shestak KC, Jones NF, Wu W, Johnson JT, Myers EN: Effect of advanced age and medical disease on outcome of microvascular reconstruction for head and neck defects. Head Neck 14:14-18, 1992
3. Bengston BP, Schusterman MA, Baldwin BJ, et al: Influence of prior radiotherapy on the development of postoperative complications and success of free tissue transfers in head and neck cancer reconstriction. Am J Surg 166:326-373, 1993
4. Reus WF, Colen LB, Straker DJ: Tobacco smoking complications in elective microsurgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 89:490-494, 1992
5. Klitzman B: Rheology and the regulation of oxygen delivery. Microsurgery 15:369-373, 1994
6. Kim KZ, Thompson DH, George TF, McQuillan PM, Kao TC: Effect of anemia on survival of myocutaneous flaps in the pig. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 111:509-512, 1994
7. Pang CY: Ischemia-induced reperfusion injury in muscle flaps: Pathogenesis and major source of free radicals. J Reconstr Microsurg 6(1):77-83, 1990
8. Zimmerman BJ, Grisham MB, Granger DN: Role of oxidants in ischemia /reperfusion-induced granulocyte infiltration. Am J Physiol 258:G185-G190, 1990
9. Lee C, Kerrigan CL, Picard-Ami LA: Cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia: effect on postischemic skin-flap survival Plast Reconstr Surg 89(6):1092-1097, 1992
10. De Santis G, Pinelli M: Microsurgical model of ischemia reperfusion in rat muscle: Evidence of free radical formation by spin trapping. Microsurgery 15:655-659, 1994
11. Stewart AG, Phan LH, Grigoriadis G: Physiological and pathophysiological roles of nitrous oxide. Microsurgery 15:693-702, 1994
12. Knox LK, Stewart AG, Hayward PG, Morrison WA: Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors improve skin flap survival in the rat. Microsurgery 15:708-711, 1994
13. Frank JM, Kaneko S, Joels C, et al: Microcirculation research, angiogenesis, and microsurgery. Microsurgery 15:399-404, 1994
14. Eckert P, Schnackerz K: Ischemic tolerance of human skeletal muscle. Ann Plast Surg 26(1):77-84,1991
15. Heinrich DE, Lewis RS, Logan TC, Shockley WW: The influence of arterial insufficiency in venous congestion on composite flap survival. Laryngoscope 105:565-569, 1995
16. Hjortdal VE, Hanson ES, Hauge E: Myocutaneous flap ischemia: Flow dynamics following venous and arterial obstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 89:1083-1091, 1992
17. Harishima T, Swada Y, Watanabe S: The relationship between venous occlusion time in island skin flaps and flap survival. Plast Reconstr Surg 60:92-95, 1977
18. Angel MF, Mellow CG, Knight KR: Secondary ischemia time in rodents: Contrasting complete pedicle interruption with venous occlusion. Plast Reconstr Surg 85:789-793, 1990
19. Giele HP, Ritz M, Morrison WA, O'Brien BM: Flushing the vessel ends: The effect on ischemic free flap survival. Microsurgery 15:805-807, 1994
20. Wolfort SF, Angel MF, Knight KR, Amiss LR, Morgan RF: The beneficial effect of dextran on anastomotic patency and flap survival in a strongly thrombogenic model. J Reconstr Microsurg 8(5):875-878, 1992
21. Knight KR: Review of postoperative pharmacological infusions in ischemic flaps. Microsurgery 15:675-684, 1994
22. Aden KK, Biel MA: The evaluation of pharmacologic agents on composite graft survival. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 118:175-178, 1992
23. Farm PC, Hartman DF, Goode RL: Pharmacologic and surgical enhancement of composite graft survival. Arch Oto laryngol Head Neck Surg 119(3):313-319, 1993
24. Das SK, Miller JH: Current status of topical antithrombotic agents in microvascular surgery. Microsurgery 15:630-632, 1994
25. Knight KR, Lepore DA, Ritz M, et al: Infusions of a novel calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) derivative at the time of reperfusion to salvage ischemic rabbit flaps. Int J Tissue Reactions 15(5):185-193, 1993
26. Kohout M, Lepore DA, Knight KR, et al: Cool perfusion solutions for skin flaps: A new mixture of pharmacological agents which improve skin flap viability. Br J Plast Surg 48(3):132-144, 1995
27. Hidalgo DA, Jones CS: The role of emergent exploration in free flap transfer: A review of 150 consecutive cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 86(3):492-498, 1990
28. Machens HG, Mailaender P, Rieck B, Berger A: Techniques of postoperative blood flow monitoring after free tissue transfer: An overview. Microsurgery 15:778-786, 1994
29. Stern MD: In vivo evaluation of microcirculation by coherent light scattering. Nature 254:56-58, 1975
30. Hovius SER, van Adrichem LNA, Mulder HD, van Strik R, van der Meulen JC: The predictive value of laser Doppler flowmeter for postoperative microvascular monitoring. Ann Plast Surg 31(4):307-312, 1993
31. Rival R, Bance M, Antonyshyn O, Phillips J, Pang CY: Comparison of laser Doppler flowmeter and radioactive microspheres in measuring blood flow in pig skin flaps. Larvngoscope 105:383-386, 1995
32. Mailaender P, Machens HG, Waurick P, Rieck B, Berger A: Routine monitoring in patients with free tissue transfer by laser Doppler flowmetry. Microsurgery 15:196-202, 1994
33. Jones NF, Rocke AM, Swartz WM, Klein A: Experimental and clinical monitoring of free jejunal transfers using an implantable ultrasonic Doppler probe. Br J Plast Surg 42: 274-280, 1989
34. Dooley TW, Welsh CF, Puckert CL: Non-invasive assessment of microvessels with the duplex scanner. J Hand Surg 14A:670-673, 1989
35. Whitney TM, Lineaweaver WC, Billys JB, et al: Improved salvage of complicated microvascular transplants monitored with quantitative fluorometry. Plast Reconstr Surg 90(1):105-111,1992
36. Tsuchida Y. Age-related changes in skin blood flow at four anatomic sites of the body in males studied by xenon-133. Plast Reconstr Surg 85(4)556-561, 1990
37. Aukland K, Bower BF, Berliner RW: Measurement of local blood flow with hydrogen gas. Circulation Research 14:164-187, 1964
38. Dunn RM, Kaplan IB, Mancoll J, Terzis JK, Trengove-Jones G: Experimental and clinical use of pH monitoring of free tissue transfers. Ann Plast Surg 31(6)539-545, 1993
39. Krupatkin AI: Surface temperature or tissue oxygen tension for monitoring of skin flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 92(2):370-371, 1993
40. Raskin DJ, Erk Y, Spira M, Melissinos EG: Tissue pH monitoring in microsurgery: A preliminary evaluation of continuous tissue pH monitoring as an indicator of perfusion disturbances in microvascular free flaps. Ann Plast Surg 11(4):331-339, 1983
41. Concannon MJ, Stewart DH, Welsh CF, Puckett CL: Impedance plethysmography : A new method for continuous muscle perfusion monitoring. Plast Reconstr Surg 88(2):292-298, 1991
42. Arnander C, Larsson L: Excitability in free muscle transfers: An optimal method of monitoring tissue circulation? Ann Plant Surg 17(6):475-479, 1986
43. Hoffer, SOP, Timmenga EJF, Christiano R, Bos KE: An intravascular oxygen tension monitoring device used in myocutaneous transplants: A preliminary report. Microsurgery 14 304-309, 1993
44. Irwin MS, Thorniley MS, Dore CJ, Green CJ. Near infra-red spectroscopy: A non-invasive monitor of perfusion and oxygenation within the microcirculation of limbs and flaps. Br J Plast Surg 48:14-22, 1995
45. Kerrigan CL, Daniel RK: Monitoring acute skin flap failure. Plast Reconstr Surg 71(4):519-524, 1983
46. Noordanus RP, Hage JJ: Late salvage of a "free flap" phalloplasty: A case report. Microsurgery 14:599-600, 1993
47. Tonks AM: Streptokinase salvage of a rectus abdominis free flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 95(5):933-934, 1995
48. Rapaport DP, Breitbart AS, Karp NS, Siebert JW: Successful microvascular replantation of a completely amputated ear Microsurgery 14:312-314, 1993
49. Soucacos PN, Beris AE, Malizos KN, Xenakis TA, Georgoulis A: Successful treatment of venous congestion in free skin flaps using medical leeches. Microsurgery 15:496-501, 1994