Variceal and portal pressure measurement: Techniques and applications

Italian Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 28, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 272-279

  Armonis, A ^a   Patch, D ^a   Burroughs, A ^a  

^a ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cirrhosis; Intravariceal pressure; Oesophageal varices; Portal hypertension; Portal pressure

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BALLOON; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; ENDOSCOPY; ESOPHAGUS VARICES; ESOPHAGUS VARICES BLEEDING; HEPATIC VEIN; HUMAN; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MEDICAL ASSESSMENT; PORTAL HYPERTENSION; PORTAL VEIN BLOOD PRESSURE; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTOR; SAFETY; VEIN CATHETERIZATION;

BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION; ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; PORTAL PRESSURE; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTORS; VENOUS PRESSURE;

EID: 0030036218     PISSN: 03920623     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Burroughs AK. The natural history of varices. J Hepatol 1993; 17 Suppl2: S10-13.
2. Lin HC, Tsai YT, Lee FY, Chang TT, Wang SS, Lay CS, et al. Comparison between portal vein pressure and wedged hepatic vein pressure in hepatitis B-related cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1989; 9: 326-30.
3. Garcia-Tsao G, Groszmann RJ, Fisher RL, Conn HO, Atterbury CE, Glickman M. Portal pressure, presence of gastroesophageal varices and variceal bleeding. Hepatology 1985; 5(3): 419-24.
4. Viallet A, Marleau D, Huet M, Martin F, Farley A, Villeneuve JP, et al. Hemodynamic evaluation of patients with intrahepatic portal hypertension. Relationship between bleeding varices and the portohepatic gradient. Gastroenterology 1975; 69: 1297-300.
5. Rigau J, Bosch J, Bordas JM, Navasa M, Mastai R, Kravetz D, et al. Endoscopie measurement of variceal pressure in cirrhosis: correlation with portal pressure and variceal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology 1989; 96(3): 873-80.
6. Palmer ED. Determination of venous pressure within esophageal varices. JAMA 1951; 146: 570-1.
7. Allison PH. The measurement of blood pressure in oesophageal varices. Thorax 1951; 6: 325-7.
8. Staritz M, Poralla T, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH. Intravascular oesophageal variceal pressure (IOVP) assessed by endoscopic fine needle puncture under basal conditions, Valsalva's manoeuvre and after glyceryltrinitrate application. Gut 1985; 26(5): 525-30.
9. Arndofer RC, Steff JJ, Dodds WJ, Linehan JH, Hogan WJ. Improved infusion system for intraluminal esophageal manometry. Gastroenterology 1977; 73: 23-7.
10. Hosking SW, Robinson P, Johnson AG. Can follow-up sclerotherapy for oesophageal varices be improved? Early results of a new technique. Endoscopy 1986; 18(5): 171-3.
11. Mosimann R. Non-aggressive assessment of portal hypertension using endoscopic measurement of variceal pressure. Preliminary report Am J Surg 1982; 143: 212-4.
12. Bosch J, Mastai R, Kravetz D, Navasa M, Rodes J. Hemodynamic evaluation of the patient with portal hypertension. Semin Liver Dis 1986; 6(4): 309-17.
13. Gertsch Ph, Meister JJ. Pressure measurement in oesophageal varices: preliminary report on a new non-invasive method. Gut 1987; 28: 1162-5.
14. Gertsch Ph, Wheatley JJ, Maibach R, Maddern G, Vauthey JN. Experimental evaluation of an endoscopie balloon for manometry of esophageal varices. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 1692-700.
15. Bosch J, Bordas JM, Rigau J, Viola C, Mastai R, Kravetz D, et al. Non-invasive measurement of the pressure of esophageal varices using an endoscopie gauge: comparison with measurements by variceal puncture in patients undergoing endoscopie sclerotherapy. Hepatology 1986; 6(4): 667-72.
16. Gertsch P, Fischer G, Kleber G, Wheatley AM, Geigenberger G, Sauerbruch T. Manometry of esophageal varices: Comparison of an endoscopie balloon technique with needle puncture. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 1159-66.
17. Lebrec D. Methods to evaluate portal hypertension. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1992; 21(1): 73: 41-59.
18. Myers JD, Taylor WJ. An estimation of portal venous pressure by occlusive catheterization of an hepatic venule. J Clin Invest 1951; 30: 662-3.
19. Novak D, Butzow GH, Becker H. Hepatic occlusion venography with a balloon catheter in portal hypertension. Radiology 1977; 112: 623-8.
20. Groszmann R, Glickman M, Blei AT, Storer E, Conn HO. Wedged and free hepatic venous pressure measured with a balloon catheter. Gastroenterology 1979; 76(2): 253-8.
21. Ready J, Robertson AD, Goff JS, Rector WG. Assessment of the risk of bleeding from oesophageal varices by continuous monitoring of portal pressure. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 1403-10.
22. Sarin SK, Sundaram KR, Ahuja RK. Predictors of variceal bleeding: an analysis of clinical, endoscopie, and haemodynamic variables, with special reference to intravariceal pressure. Gut 1989; 30(12): 1757-64.
23. Kravetz D, Korula J, Mack WJ. Intravariceal pressure and variceal characteristics between variceal bleeders and non bleeders: preliminary results. Gastroenterology 1993; 104(4): A930.
24. Bandoh T, Mitarai Y, Kitano S, Yoshida T, Kobayashi M. Clinical significance of esophageal variceal pressure in patients with esophageal varices. J Hepatol 1994; 21(3): 326-31.
25. Ruiz del Arhol L, Martin de Argila C, Vazquez M, Arcocena C, Monescillo A, Garcia Plaza A, et al. Endoscopie measurement of variceal pressure during haemorrhage from oesophageal varices. Hepatology 1992; 2(2): 81 A.
26. Brensing KA, Gorich J, Raab P, Scheurlen C, Neubrand M, Kunze Vet al. Evaluation of an endoscopie balloon technique for measurement of variceal pressure compared to directly assessed portal pressure. Gastroenterology 1994; 106(4): A869.
27. Nevens F, Fevery J. Measurement of variceal pressure and its clinical implications. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994; (Suppl) 207: 6-10.
28. Bosch J, Bordas JM, Mastai R, Kravetz D, Navasa M, Chesta J, et al. Effects of vasopressin on the intravariceal pressure in patients with cirrhosis: comparison with the effects on portal pressure. Hepatology 1988; 8(4): 861-5.
29. Pomier-Layrargues G, Villeneuve J, Willems B, Huet PM, Marleau D. Systemic and hepatic hemodynamics after variceal hemorrhage: effects of propranolol and placebo. Gastroenterology 1987; 93: 1218-24.
30. Miller LS, Schiano T, Liu JB, Baranowski R, Bellary S, Black M. Use of high resolution endoluminal sonography to measure variables (wall thickness and radius) involved in the calculation of variceal wall tension by the Laplace equation. Gastroenterology 1995; 108(4): A1123.
31. Conn HO. A peek at the Child-Turcotte classification. Hepatology 1981; 1: 673-6.
32. Pugh RWH, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, Pietroni MC, Williams R. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg 1983; 60: 646-9.
33. Infante C, Esnaola S, Villeneuve JP. Clinical and statistical validity of conventional prognostic factors in predicting short-term survival among cirrhotics. Hepatology 1987; 7(4): 660-4.
34. Reichen J. MEGX test in hepatology: The long-sought ultimate quantitative liver function test? J Hepatol 1993; 19: 4-7.
35. Arroyo V, Bosch J, Gaya-Beltran J, Kravetz D, Estrada L, Rivera F, et al. Plasma renin activity and urinary sodium excretion as prognostic indicators in nonazotemic cirrhosis with ascites. Ann Intern Med 1981: 94: 198-201.
36. Vinel JP, Cassigneul J, Louis A, Levade M, Pascal JP. Clinical and prognostic significance of portohepatic gradient in patients with cirrhosis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1982; 155: 347-52.
37. Vinel JP, Cassigneul J, Levade M, Voigt JJ, Pscal JP. Assessment of short-term prognosis after variceal bleeding in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis by early measurement of portohepatic gradient. Hepatology 1986; 6(1): 116-7.
38. Viola C, Bosch J, Mastai R, Teres J, Navasa M, Kravetz D, et al. Prognostic value of measurements of portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis J Hepatol 1987; 5(Suppl 1): S71.
39. Gluud C, Henriksen JH, Nielsen G and the Copenhagen Study Group For Liver Disease. Prognostic indicators in alcoholic cirrhotic men. Hepatology 1988; 8(2): 222-7.
40. Tage-Jensen U, Henriksen JH, Christensen E, Widding A, Ring-Larsen H, Christensen NJ. Plasma catecholamine levels and portal venous pressure as a guide to prognosis in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1988; 6: 350-8.
41. Barrett G, Bosch J, Garcia-Tsao G, Groszmann RJ, Richardson CR, Navasa M, et al. Hepatic venous pressure gradient as a predictor of survival in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 1990; 12(4): 850.
42. Merkel C, Bolognesi M, Bellon S, Zuin R, Noventa F, Finucci G, Sacerdoti D et al. Prognostic usefulness of hepatic vein catheterization in patients with cirrhosis and oesophageal varices. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 973-9.
43. Urbain D, Muls V, Makhoul R, Jeghers O, Thys O, Ham HR. Prognostic significance of hepatic venous pressure gradient in medically treated alcoholic cirrhosis: Comparison to aminopyrine breath test. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88:(6): 856-9.
44. Groszmann RJ, Bosch J, Grace ND, Conn HO, Garcia-Tsao G, Nawasa M, et al. Hemodynamic events in a prospective randomized trial of propranolol versus placebo in the prevention of a first variceal haemorrhage. Gastroenterology 1990; 99: 1401-7.
45. Vorobioff J, Groszmann RJ, Picabea E, Villavicencio R, Passamonti M, Lemer E, et al. Prognostic value of sequential measurement of portal pressure in alcoholic cirrhotic patients. Hepatology 1994; 20(4): 103A.
46. Villanueva C, Ortiz J, Balanzo J, Sabat M, Gallego A, Sainz S, et al. Spontaneous reduction of portal pressure after variceal hemorrhage: Influence on rebleeding and mortality and predicting factors of the decrease. Hepatology 1995; 22(4): 155A.
47. Christensen U, Sorensen T, Jensen L, Aagaard J, Burcharth F. The free portal pressure in awake patients with and without cirrhosis of the liver. Liver 1983; 3: 147-50.
48. Adamson RJ, Butt K, Dennis CR, Kinkhabwala M, Moskowitz H, Gordon D, et al. Prognostic significance of portal pressure in patients with bleeding esophageal varices. Surg Gynaec Obstet 1977; 145: 353-6.
49. Lebrec D, Fleury P, Rueff B, Nahum H, Benhamou JP. Portal hypertension, size of esophageal varices and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in alcoholic cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1980; 79: 1139-44.
50. Vlavianos P, Gimson AES, Hayllar K, MacMathuna P, Westaby D, Williams R. Prognostic significance of systemic and portal haemodynamic parameters in patients with cirrhosis and previous variceal bleeding. Gut 1990; 31: A592.
51. Primigani M, Carpinelli L, Vazzoler MC, de Lima MCH, Nolte A, Marcelli R, et al R. Short-term effect of octreotide on intraoesophageal variceal pressure: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994; 6(11): 1027-31.
52. Avgerinos A, Armonis A, Rekoumis G, Manolakopoulos S, Argirakis G, Raptis S. The effect of somatostatin and octreotide on intravascular oesophageal variceal pressure in cirrhotics. J Hepatol 1994; 22: 379-80.
53. Kleber G, Sauerbruch T, Fischer G, Geigenberger G, Paumgartner G. Reduction of transmural oesophageal variceal pressure by metoclopramide. J Hepatol 1991: 12(3): 362-6.
54. Cestari R, Braga M, Missale G, Ravelli P, Burroughs AK. Haemodynamic effect of triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin (glypressin) on intravascular oesophageal variceal pressure in patients with cirrhosis. A randomized placebo controlled trial. J Hepatol 1990; 10(2): 205-10.
55. Kleber G, Sauerbruch T, Fischer G, Paumgartner G. Somatostatin does not reduce oesophageal variceal pressure in liver cirrhotics. Gut 1988; 29(2): 153-6.
56. Nevens F, Sprengers D, Fevery J. The effect of different doses of a bolus injection of somatostatin combined with a slow infusion on transmural oesophageal variceal pressure in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1994; 20(1): 27-31.
57. Feu F, Garcia-Pagan JC, Bosch J, Luca A, Teres J, Escorsell A, et al. Relation between portal pressure response to pharmacotherapy and risk of recurrent variceal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis. Lancet 1995; 346: 1056-9.
58. Feu F, Bordas JM, Luca A, Garcia-Pagan JC, Escorsell A, Bosch J, et al. Reduction of variceal pressure by propanolol: comparison of the effects on portal pressure and azygos blood flow in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 1993; 18(5): 1082-9.
59. Hosking SW, Robinson P, Johnson AG. Usefulness of manometric assessment of varices in maintenance sclerotherapy. A controlled trial. Gastroenterology 1987; 93: 846-51.
60. Korula J, Kravetz D. Endoscopic esophageal variceal sclerotherapy increases variceal pressures: one factor for EVS failure? Gastroenterology 1993; 104(4): A930.
61. Korula J, Rails P. The effects of chronic endoscopie variceal sclerotherapy on portal pressure in cirrhotics. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 800-5.
62. Grace ND, Garcia-Tsao G, Groszmann RJ, Matloff DS, Drewniac SJ, Conn HO, Wright SC, et al. Does a change in hepatic venous pressure gradient influence efficacy of sclerotherapy in prevention of recurrent esophageal variceal hemorrhage? Hepatology 1991; 14: 84A.