The cellular basis of central nervous system hiv-1 infection and the aids dementia complex: Introduction

Journal of Neuro-AIDS

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 1995, Pages 1-29

  Price, Richard W ^a  

^a University of Minnesota   (United States)

Author keywords

AIDS; AIDS dementia complex; Brain; Dementia; HIV; Neurodegeneration; Pathogenesis

Indexed keywords

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CONFERENCE PAPER; CYTOLOGY; DEMENTIA; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MALE;

AIDS ARTERITIS, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX; AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS;

EID: 0030034937     PISSN: 10697438     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J128v01n01_01     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Apostolski, S, T McAlarney, A Quattrini, SW Levison, G Rosoklija, A Lugaressi, M Corbo, SA Sadiq, S Lederman, AP Hays, and N Latov. 1993. The gp120 glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 binds to sensory ganglion neurons. Ann Neurol 34: 855-863.
2. Appleman, ME, DW Marshall, RL Brey, RW Houk, DC Beatty, RE Winn, GP Melcher, MG Wise, CV Wumaya, and RN Boswell. 1988. Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in patients without AIDS who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis 158: 193-199.
3. Bacellar, H, A Munoz, EN Miller, BA Cohen, D Besley, OA Selnes, JT Becker, and JC McArthur. 1994. Temporal trends in the incidence of HIV-1-related neurologic diseases: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1985-1992. Neurology 44 (10): 1892-1900.
4. Bell, JE, A Busuttil, JW Ironside, S Rebus, YK Donaldson, and P Simmonds et al. 1993. Human immunodeficiency virus and the brain: Investigation of viral load in pre-AIDS individuals. J Infect Dis: 919-824.
5. Benson, DF. 1987. The spectrum of dementia: A comparison of the clinical features of AIDS dementia and dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Dis 14: 217-220.
6. Bhat, S, SL Spitalnik, F Gonzales-Scarano, and DH Silberberg. 1991. Galactosyl ceremide or a derivative is an essential component of the neural receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 7131-7134.
7. Boni, J, BS Emmerich, SL Leib, OD Weistler, J Schupbach, and P Kleihues. 1993. PCR identification of HIV-1 DNA sequences in brain tissue of patients with AIDS encephalopathy. Neurology 43: 1813-1817.
8. Brenneman, DE, GL Westbrook, SP Fitzgerald, DL Ennist, KL Elkins, MR Ruff, and CB Pert. 1988. Neuronal cell killing by the envelope glycoprotein of HIV and its prevention by vasoactive intestinal peptide. Nature 335: 639-642.
9. Brew, BJ, RB Bhalla, M Paul, H Gallardo, JC McArthur, MK Schwartz, and RW Price. 1990. Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Ann Neurol 28: 556-560.
10. Britton, CB, and JR Miller. 1984. Neurologic complications in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Neurol Clin 2: 315-339.
11. Budka, H, CA Wiley, P Kleihues, J Artigas, AK Asbury, and E-S Cho et al. 1991. HIV-associated disease of the nervous system: Review of nomenclature and proposal for neuropathology-based terminology. Brain Pathol 1: 143-152.
12. Davis, LE, BL Hjelle, VE Miller, DL Plamer, AL Llewellyn, TL Merlin, SA Young, RG Mills, W Wachsman, and CA Wiley. 1992. Early brain invasion in iatrogenic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Neurology 42: 1736-1739.
13. Dawson, VL, TM Dawson, GR Uhl, and SH Snyder. 1993. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coat protein neurotoxicity mediated by nitric oxide in primary cortical cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 3256-3259.
14. Dickson, DW, SC Lee, W Hatch, LA Mattiace, C Brosnan, and WD Lyman. 1994. Macrophages and microglia in HIV-related neuropathology. In HIV, AIDS, and the Brain, edited by R. Price and S. Perry. New York: Raven Press, Ltd., pp. 99-118.
15. Dickson, DW, and SC Lee. 1996. Microglia in HIV-related CNS neuropathology: An update. Journal of Neuro-AIDS 1 (1): 57-83.
16. Donaldson, YK, JE Bell, JW Ironside, RP Brettle, JR Robertson, A Busuttil, and P Simmonds. 1994. Redistribution of HIV outside the lymphoid system with onset of AIDS. Lancet 343: 382-385.
17. Embretson, J, M Zupancic, JL Ribas, A Burk, P Racz, K Tenner-Racz, and AT Haase. 1993. Massive covert infection of helper T lymphocytes and macrophages by HIV during the incubation period of AIDS. Nature 362: 359-362.
18. Epstein, LG, and HE Gendelman. 1993. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of the nervous system: Pathogenetic mechanisms. Ann Neurol 33: 429-436.
19. Esiri, MM and CS Morris. 1996. Cellular basis of HIV infection of the CNS and the AIDS dementia complex: Oligodendrocyte. Journal of Neuro-AIDS 1 (1): 133-160.
20. Esiri, MM, CS Morris, and PR Millard. 1991. Fate of oligodendrocytes in HIV-1 infection. AIDS 5: 1081-1088.
21. Everall, I, P Luthert, and P Lantos. 1993. A review of neuronal damage in human immunodeficiency virus infection: Its assessment, possible mechanism and relationship to dementia. J Neuropath Exp Neurol 52: 561-566.
22. Everall, IP, JD Glass, J McArthur, E Spargo, and P Lantos. 1994. Neuronal density in the superior frontal and temporal gyri does not correlate with the degree of human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia. Acta Neuropathologica 88 (6): 538-544.
23. Garry, RF, G Kocy. 1992. Tat contains a sequence related to snake neurotoxins. AIDS 6: 1541-1560.
24. Gelbard, HA, LM Nottet, S Windells, M Jett, KA Dzenko, P Genis, R White, L Wang, Y-B Choi, D Zhang, SA Lipton, WW Tourtellotte, LG Epstien, and HE Gendelman. 1994. Plantelet-activating factor: A candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced neurotoxin. J Virol 68: 4628-4635.
25. Genis, P, M Jett, EW Bernton, T Boyle, HA Gelbard, K Dzenko, RW Keane, L Resnick, Y Mizrachi, DJ Volsky, LG Epstein, HE Gendelman. 1992. Cytokines and arachidonic metabolites produced during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected macrophage-astroglia interactions: Implications for the nuero- pathogenesis of HIV disease. J Exp Med 176: 1703-1718.
26. Giulian, D, K Vaca, and CA Noonan. 1990. Secretion of neurotoxins by mononuclear phagocytes infected with HIV-1. Science 250: 1593-1596.
27. Glass, JD, SL Wesselingh, OA Selnes, and JC McArthur. 1993. Clinical-neuropathologic correlation in HIV-associated dementia. Neurology 43 (11): 2230-7.
28. Gonda, MA, F Wong-Staal, RC Gallo, JG Clements, O Narayan, and RV Gilden. 1985. Sequence homology and morphologic similarity of HTLV III and visna virus, a pathogenic lentivirus. Science 227: 173-177.
29. Gopinathan, G, LJ Laubenstein, B Mondale, and RL Krigel. 1983. Central nervous system manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency (AID) syndrome in homosexual men. Neurology 33 [Suppl 2]: 105.
30. Goudsmit, J, LG Epstein, DA Paul, HJ van der Helm, GJ Dawson, DM Asher, R Yanagihara, AV Wolff, C Gibbs Jr., and DC Gajdusek. 1987. Intra-blood-brain barrier synthesis of human immunodeficiency virus antigen and antibody in humans and chimpanzees. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 (11): 3876-80.
31. Gray, F, MC Lescs, C Keohane, F Paraire, B Marc, and R Gherardi. 1992. Early brain changes in HIV infection: Neuropathological study of 11 seropositive, non-AIDS cases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 51: 177-185.
32. Griffin, DE, SL Wesselingh, and JC McArthur. 1994. Elevated central nervous system prostaglandins in human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia. Ann Neurol 35: 592-597.
33. Haase, AT. 1986. Pathogenesis of lentivirus infections. Nature 322: 130-136.
34. Hahn, BH, GM Shaw, ME Taylor, RR Redfield, PD Markham, SZ Salahuddin, F Wong-Staal, and RC Gallo. 1986. Genetic variation in HTLV-III/LAV over time in patients with AIDS or at risk for AIDS. Science 232: 1548-1553.
35. Heyes, MP, BJ Brew, A Martin, RW Price, AM Salazar, and JJ Sidtis et al. 1991. Quinolinic acid in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in HIV-1 infection: Relationship to clinical and neurologic status. Ann Neurol 29: 202-209.
36. Heyes, MP, K Saito, EO Major, S Milstien, SP Markey, and JH Vickers. 1993. A mechanism of quinolinic acid formation by brain in inflammatory neurological disease: Attenuation of synthesis of L-tryptophan by 6-chlorotryptophan and 4-chloro-3-hydroxyanthraniliate. Brain 116: 1425-1450.
37. Ho, DD, AU Neumann, AS Perelson, W Chen, JM, Leonard, and M Markowitz. 1995. Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. Nature 373: 123-126.
38. Ho, DD, TR Rota, RT Schooley, JC Kaplan, JD, Allan, and JE, Groopman, L Resnick, D, Felsenstein, CA, Andrews, and M Hirsh. 1985. Isolation of HTLV-III from cerebrospinal fluid and neural tissues of patients with neurologic syndromes related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 313: 1493-1497.
39. Koenig, S, HE Gendelman, JM Orenstein, MO Dal Canto, GH Pezeshkpour, M Yungbluth, F Janotta, A Aksamit, MA Matin, and AS Fauci. 1986. Detection of AIDS virus in macrophages in brain tissue from AIDS patients with encephalopathy. Science 233: 1089-1093.
40. Kohleisen, B, M Meuman, R Herrman, R Brack-Werner, KJE Krohn, V Ovod, A Ranki, and V Erfle. 1992. Cellular localization of Nef expressed in persistently HIV-1-infected low-producer astrocytes. AIDS 6: 1427-1436.
41. Korber, BTM, KJ Kunstman, BK Patterson, M Furtado, MM McEvilly, R Levy, and SM Wolinsky. 1994. Genetic differences between blood- and brain- derived viral sequences from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: Evidence of conserved elements in the V3 region of the envelope protein of brain-derived sequences. J Virol 68: 7467-7481.
42. Kure, K, WD Lyman, KM Weidenheim, and DW Dickson. 1990a. Cellular localization of an HIV-1 antigen in subacute AIDS encephalitis using an improved double-labeling immunohistochemical method. Am J Pathol 136 (5): 1085-1092.
43. Kure, K, KM Weidenheim, WD Lyman, and DW Dickson. 1990b. Morphology and distribution of HIV-1 gp41-positive microglia in subacute AIDS encephalitis. Acta Neuropath 80: 393-400.
44. Li, Y, JC Kappes, JA Conway, RW Price, GM Shaw, and BH Hahn. 1992. Complete nucelotide sequence, genome organization, and biological properties of HIV-1 in vivo: Evidence for limited defectiveness and complementation. J Virol 66: 6587-6648.
45. Lipton, SA. 1992. Models of neuronal injury in AIDS: Another role for the NMDA receptor? Trends in Neurosci 15 (3): 75-79.
46. Lipton, SA, M Yeh, and EB Dreyer. 1994. Update on current models of HIV-related neuronal injury: Platelet-activating factor, arachidonic acid and nitric acid. Adv Neuroimmunol 4: 181-188.
47. Lipton, SA. 1994. Neuronal injury associated with HIV-1 and potential treatment with calcium-channel and nmda antagonists. Developmental Neuroscience 16 (3-4): 145-151.
48. Masliah, E, CL Achim, N Ge, R DeTeresa, RD Terry, and CA Wiley. 1992. Spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus-associated neocortical damage. Ann Neurol 32: 321-329.
49. Masliah, E, N Ge, CL Achim, R DeTeresa, and CA Wiley. 1996. Patterns of neurodegeneration in HIV encephalitis. Journal of Neuro-AIDS 1 (1): 161-173.
50. Masliah, E, N Ge, M Morey, R DeTeresa, RD Terry, and CA Wiley. 1992. Cortical dendritic pathology in human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. Laboratory Investigation 66: 285-291.
51. McArthur, JC, DR Hoover, H Bacellar, EN Miller, BA Cohen, JT Becker, NM Graham, JH McArthur, OA Selnes, and LP Jacobson et al. 1993. Dementia in AIDS patients: Incidence and risk factors. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Neurology 43 (11): 2245-52.
52. Michaels, J, RW Price, and MK Rosenblum. 1988. Microglia in the human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Proliferation, infection and fusion. Acta Neuropathol 76: 373-379.
53. Moses, AV, SG Stenglein, and JA Nelson. 1996. HIV infection of the brain microvasculature and its contribution to the AIDS dementia complex. Journal of Neuro-AIDS 1 (1): 85-99.
54. Navia, BA, E-W Cho, CK Petito, and RW Price. 1986. The AIDS dementia complex: II. Neuropathology. Ann Neurol 19: 525-535.
55. Navia, BA, BD Jordan, and RW Price. 1986. The AIDS dementia complex: I. Clinical Features. Ann Neurol 19: 517-524.
56. Neaton, JD, DN Wentworth, F Rhame, C Hogan, DI Abrams, and L Deyton. 1994. Methods of studying interventions. Considerations in choice of a clinical endpoint for AIDS clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 13: 2107-2125.
57. Nuovo, GJ, F Gallery, P MacConnel, A Braun. 1994. In situ detection of polymerase chain reaction-amplified HIV-1 nucleic acids and tumor necrosis factor-a RNA in the central nervous system. Amer J Pathol 144: 659-666.
58. Pantaleo, G, C Graziosi, JF Demarest, L Butini, M Montroni, CH Fox, JM Oren- stein, DP Kotler, and AS Fauci. 1993. HIV infection is active and progressive in lymphoid tissue during clinically latent stages of the disease. Nature 362: 355-358.
59. Patton, HK, EN Benveniste, and DJ Benos. 1996. Astrocytes and the AIDS dementia complex. Journal of Neuro-AIDS 1 (1): 111-131.
60. Petito, C. 1996. Ependyma and choroid plexus. Journal of Neuro-AIDS 1 (1): 101-110.
61. Petito, CK, BA Navia, E-S Cho, BD Jordan, DC George, RW Price. 1985. Vacuolar myelopathy pathologically resembling subacute combined degeneration in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). N Engl J Med 312: 874-879.
62. Petito, CK, D Vecchio, and Y-T Chen. 1994. HIV antigen and DNA in AIDS spinal cords correlate with macrophage infiltration but not with vacuolar myelopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 53: 86-94.
63. Power, C, PE Kong, TO Crawford, S Wesselingh, JD Glass, JC McArthur, and BD Trapp. 1993. Cerebral white matter changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia: Alterations of the blood-brain barrier. Ann Neurol 34: 339-350.
64. Power, C, JC McArthur, RT Johnson, DE Griffin, JD Glass, S Perryman, and B Chesebro. 1994. Demented and nondemented patients with AIDS differ in brain-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope sequences. J Virol 68: 4643-4649.
65. Price, RW. 1994. Understanding the AIDS dementia complex (ADC). The challenge of HIV and its effects on the central nervous system. In HIV, AIDS and the brain, edited by R. W. Price and S. Perry. New York: Raven Press, Ltd., pp. 1-45.
66. Price, RW. 1995. Management of AIDS dementia complex and HIV-1 infection of the nervous system. AIDS (in press).
67. Price, RW. In Press. AIDS dementia complex and HIV-1 brain infection: A pathogenetic framework for treatment and evaluation. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology (in press).
68. Price, RW, BJ Brew, and M Rosenblum. 1990. The AIDS dementia complex and HIV-1 brain infection: A pathogenetic model of virus-immune interaction. In Immunologic Mechanisms in Neurologic and Psychiatric Disease, edited by B. Waksman. New York: Raven Press, Ltd., pp. 269-290.
69. Price, RW, BJ Brew, J Sidtis, M Rosenblum, Ac Scheck, and P Cleary. 1988. The brain in AIDS: Central nervous system HIV-1 infection and AIDS dementia complex. Science 239: 586-592.
70. Pulliam, L, BG Herndier, NM Tang, and MS McGrath. 1991. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected macrophages produce soluble factors that cause histological and neurochemical alterations in cultured human brains. Journal of ClinicalInvestigation 87 (2): 503-12.
71. Pumarole-Sune, T, BA Navia, C Cordon-Cardo, E-S Cho, and RW Price. 1987. HIV antigen in the brains of patients with the AIDS dementia complex. Ann Neurol 21: 490-496.
72. Resnick, L, JR Berger, P Shapshak, and WW Tourtellotte. 1988. Early penetration of the blood-brain-barrier by HIV. Neurology 38: 9-14.
73. Resnick, L, F diMarzo-Veronese, J Schupbach, WW Tourtellotte, DD Ho, F Muller, P Shapshak, M Vogt, JE Groopman, and PD Markham et al. 1985. Intra-blood-brain-barrier synthesis of HTLV-HI-specific IgG in patients with neurologic symptoms associated with AIDS or AIDS-related complex. New England Journal of Medicine 313 (24): 1498-504.
74. Rosenblum, MK. 1990. Infection of the central nervous system by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Morphology and relation to syndromes of progressive encephalopathy and myelopathy in patients with AIDS. Pathol Ann 25: 117-169.
75. Rosenblum, M, AC Scheck, K Cronin, BJ Brew, A Khan, M Paul, and RW Price. 1989. Dissociation of AIDS-related vacuolar myelopathy and productive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the spinal cord. Neurology 39: 892-896.
76. Sabatier, J-M, E Vives, K Marbrouk, A Benjouad, H Rochat, A Duval, B Hue, and E Bahraoui. 1991. Evidence for neurotoxic activity of tat from human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 65 (2): 961-967.
77. Saito, Y, LR Sharer, LG Epstein, J Michaels, M Mintz, M Louder, K Golding, TA Cvetkovich, and BM Blumberg. 1994. Overexpression of nef as a marker for restricted HIV-1 infection of astrocytes in postmortem pediatric central nervous system tissues. Neurology 44: 474-481.
78. Shaw, GM, ME Harper, BH Hahn, LG Epstein, DC Gajdusek, RW Price, BA Navia, CK Petito, CJ O’Hara, JE Groopman, E-S Cho, JM Oleske, F Wong- Staal, and RC Gallo. 1985. HTLV-III infection in brains of children and adults with AIDS encephalopathy. Science 227: 177-182.
79. Sidtis, JJ. 1994. Evaluation of the AIDS dementia complex in adults. In HIV, AIDS and the brain, edited by R. W. Price and S. Perry. New York: Raven Press, Ltd., pp. 273-287.
80. Snider, WD, DM Simpson, S Nielson, JWM Gold, CE Metroka, and JB Posner. 1983. Neurological complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Analysis of 50 patients. Ann Neurol 14: 403-418.
81. Spencer, DC, and RW Price. 1992. Human immunodeficiency virus and the central nervous system. Annual Review of Microbiology 46: 655-93.
82. Stoler, MH, TA Eskin, S Benn, RC Angerer, and LM Angerer. 1986. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III infection of the central nervous system -preliminary in situ analysis. JAMA 256: 2360-2364.
83. Toggas, SM, E Masliah, EM Rockenstein, GF Rall, CR Abraham and L Mucke. 1994. Central nervous system damage produced by expression of the HIV-1 coat protein gp120 in transgenic mice. Nature 367: 188-193.
84. Tornatore, C, R Chandra, JR Berger, and EO Major. 1994a. HIV-1 infection of subcortical astrocytes in the pediatric central nervous system. Neurology 44: 481-487.
85. Tornatore, C, K Meyers, W Atwood, C Conant, and E Major. 1994b. Temporal patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcripts in human fetal astrocytes. J Virol 68 (5): 93-102.
86. Tyor, WR, JD Glass, JW Griffin, PS Becker, JC McArthur, L Bezman, and DE Griffin. 1992. Cytokine expression in the brain during the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Annals of Neurology 31 (4): 349-60.
87. Vazeux, R, N Brousse, A Jarry, D Henin, C Marche, C Vedrenne, J Mikol, M Wolff, C Michon, and W Rozenbaum. 1987. AIDS subacute encephalitis: Identification of HIV-infected cells. Am J Pathol 126: 403-410.
88. Wesselingh, SL, C Power, JD Glass, WR Tyor, JC McArthur, JM Farber, JW Griffin, and DE Griffin. 1993. Intracerebral cytokine mRNA expression in AIDS. Ann Neurol 33: 576-582.
89. Wiley, CA, and C Achim. 1994. Human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis is the pathological correlate of dementia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Neurol 36: 673-676.
90. Wiley, CA, RD Schrier, JA Nelson, PW Lampert, and MBA Oldstone. 1986. Cellular localization of human immunodeficiency virus infection within the brains of acquired immune deficiency patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 7089-7093.
91. Williams, KC, and WF Hickey. 1996. Traffic of lymphocytes into the CNS during inflammation and HIV infection. J Neuro-AIDS 1 (1): 31-55.
92. Working Group of the American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force. 1991. Nomenclature and research case definition for neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Neurology 41: 778-785.
93. World Health Organization. 1990. 1990 World Health Organization consultation on the neuropsychiatric aspects of HIV-1 infection. AIDS 4 (9): 935-6.
94. Xiping, W, SK Ghosh, ME Taylor, VA Johnson, EA Emini, P Deutsch, JD Lifson, S Bonhoeffer, M Nowak, BH Hahn, MS Saag, and GM Show. 1995. Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nature 373: 117-122.