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32P]-adenosine triphosphate (New England Nuclear) Microsatellite loci and primer sequences are available from the authors on request DNA was subjected to 30 to 35 cycles of amplification in a Hybaid (Middlesex, UK) Omnigene TR3 SM2 Thermocycler as follows. 95°C for 30 s, 52° to 60°C for 1 min, and 72°C for 1 min, with a final extension step of 72°C for 5 min PCR products were separated by electrophoresis in denaturing 8 M urea-polyacrylamide-formamide gels, which were then subjected to autoradiography (8).
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We tabulated the total alterations for each marker tested in all tumors and then grouped, in descending order, the markers most susceptible to alterations that would empirically detect the greatest number of primary tumors Thus, the 10 most susceptible markers empirically identified at least one alteration in 26 of 50 tumors (52%), 11 identified 56% of tumors, 12 identified 60%, 13 identified 62%, and so forth Some markers identified alterations only in tumors previously identified by another marker, and 20% of tumors did not demonstrate a single alteration with any marker tested.
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3 of urine was obtained and concentrated by centrifugation on cytospin glass slides or Millipore filters (Burlington, MA) Cells were stained by Papanicolaou stain and visualized under microscopy Samples were initially screened by a cytotechnologist and reviewed by a cytopathologist. Standard morphologic criteria were used to establish the presence of neoplastic cells.
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Oncor Inc. (Gaithersburg, MD) provided research funding for this study Under an agreement between Oncor and Johns Hopkins University, D.S. is entitled to a share of sales royalty received by the university from Oncor. Under that agreement, the university and D.S. also have received Oncor stock, which, under university policy, cannot be traded until 2 years after the first commercial sales of the products related to this research. D.S. also serves as a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of OncorMed Inc., an Oncor subsidiary, which is commercializing some of Oncor's technology. The terms of this arrangement have been reviewed and approved by the university in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies
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