Acyclovir treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study

Journal of Neurology

Volumn 243, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 214-224

  Lycke, Jan ^a   Svennerholm, Bo ^a   Hjelmquist, Elisabeth ^a   Frisén, Lars ^a   Badr, Gaby ^a   Andersson, Mats ^a   Vahlne, Anders ^b   Andersen, Oluf ^a  

^a SAHLGRENSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Acyclovir treatment; Clinical trial; Herpes virus; Multiple sclerosis

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR; PLACEBO;

ACNE; ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA ANALYSIS; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; EVOKED RESPONSE; FATIGUE; FEMALE; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS; HERPES VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; NEUROOPHTHALMOLOGY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PAIN; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; SWEATING; XEROSTOMIA;

ACYCLOVIR; ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTIBODIES, VIRAL; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; FEMALE; HERPESVIRIDAE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; PLACEBOS; RECURRENCE; REMISSION INDUCTION; TABLETS;

EID: 0030032317     PISSN: 03405354     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF00868517     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Andersen O (1980) Restricted dissemination of clinically defined attacks in an MS incidence material. Acta Neurol Scand 62:1-70
2. Andersen O (1984) Immunological and clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis. In: Gonsette RE, Delmotte P (eds) The proceedings of the XXV anniversary symposium of the Belgian research group for multiple sclerosis. MTP Press, Brussels, pp 110-118
3. Andersen O, Lygner P-E, Bergström T, Andersson M, Vahlne A (1993) Viral infections trigger multiple sclerosis relapses: a prospective seroepidemiological study. J Neurol 240:417-422
4. Beck A (1967) Depression: causes and treatment. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia
5. Bergström T, Andersen O, Vahlne A (1989) Isolation of herpes simplex virus type 1 during first attack of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 26: 283-285
6. Bray PF, Bloomer LC, Salmon VC, Bagley MH, Larsen PD (1983) Epstein-Barr virus infection and antibody synthesis in patients with multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 40:406-408
7. Broman T, Andersen O, Bergman L (1981) Clinical studies on MS. Acta Neurol Scand 63:6-33
8. Claesson LE, Dahl E (1971) CD-test. Psykologiförlaget, Stockholm
9. Cronholm B, Molander L (1957) Memory disturbances after electroconvulsive therapy. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand 32:280-306
10. Durelli L, Bongioanni MR, Cavallo R, Ferrero B, Ferri R, Ferrio MF, Bradac GB, Riva A, Vai S, Geuna M, Bergamini L, Bergamasco B (1994) Chronic systemic high-dose recombinant interferon alpha-2a reduces exacerbation rate. MRI signs of disease activity and lymphocyte interferon gamma production in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neurology 44: 406-413
11. Forghani G, Schmidt NJ, Dennis J (1978) Antibody assays for varicellazoster virus: comparison of enzyme immunoassay with neutralization, immune adherence hemagglutination, and complement fixation. J Clin Microbiol 8:545-552
12. Frisén L (1987) A computer-graphics visual field screener using high-pass spatial frequency resolution targets and multiple feedback devices. In: Greve E, Heyl A (eds) Documenta Ophthalmologica Proceeding Series. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk, Dordrecht, pp 441-446
13. Frisén L (1992) High-pass resolution perimetry: evidence for parvocellular channel dependence. Neuro-ophthalmology 12:257-264
14. Frisén L, Frisén M (1981) How good is normal visual acuity? A study of letter acuity thresholds as a function of age. Albrecht von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 215:149-157
15. Haahr S, Sommerlund M, Christensen T, Jensen AW, Hansen HJ, Möller-Larsen A (1994) A putative new retrovirus associated with multiple slcerosis and the possible involvement of Epstein-Barr virus in this disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 724:148-156
16. Haase AT, Stowring L, Ventura P, Burks J, Ebers G, Tourtellotte W, Warren K (1984) Detection by hybridization of viral infection of the human central nervous system. Ann N Y Acad Sci 436:103-108
17. IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Group (1993) Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 43:655-661
18. Jeansson S, Forsgren M, Svennerholm B (1983) Evaluation of solubilized herpes simplex virus membrane antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 18:1160-1166
19. Johnson RT (1985) Viral aspects of multiple scleross. In: Koetsier JC (ed) Demyelinating diseases. Elsevier, New York, pp 319-336
20. Krishna RV, Meurman OH, Ziegler T, Krech UH (1980) Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for determination of antibodies to cytomegalovirus. J Clin Microbiol 12:46-51
21. Kurtzke JF (1983) Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 33:1444-1452
22. Larsen PD, Bloomer LC, Bray PF (1985) Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen and viral capsid antigen antibody titers in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 35: 435-438
23. Laski RD, Troy FA (1984) Possible DNA-RNA tumor virus interaction in human lymphomas: expression of retroviral proteins in Ramos lymphoma lines is enhanced after conversion with Epstein-Barr virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:33-37
24. Lennette E (1988) Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases. In: Lennette E, Halonen P, Murphy FA (eds) Viral, rickettsial and chlamydial diseases. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 230-266
25. Lezak M (1983) Neuropsychological assessment. Oxford University Press, New York
26. Lindberg C, Andersen O, Vahlne A, Dalton M, Runmarker B (1991) Epidemiological investigation of the association between infectious mononucleosis and multiple sclerosis. Neuroepidemiology 10:62-65
27. Luria A (1966) Higher cortical functions in man. Tavistock, London
28. Lycke J, Andersen O, Svennerholm B, Appelgren L, Dahlöf C (1989) Acyclovir concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid at steady state. J Antimicrob Chemother 24:947-954
29. Molin L, Ruhnek-Forsbeck M, Svennerholm B (1991) One year acyclovir suppression of frequently recurring genital herpes: a study of efficacy, safety, virus sensitivity and antibody response. Scand J Infect Dis 78:33-39
30. Mosca JD; Bednarik DP, Raj NBK, Rosen CA, Sodroski JG, Haseltine WA, Haywards GS, Pitha PM (1987) Herpes simplex virus type-1 can reactivate transcription of latent human immunodeficiency virus. Nature 325:67-70
31. Operskalski EA, Visscher BR, Malmgren RM, Detels R (1989) A case-control study of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 39:825-829
32. Panitch HS (1994) Influence of infection on exacerbations of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 36:S25-S28
33. Perron H, Suh M, Lalande B, Gratacap B, Laurent A, Stoebner P, Seigneurin JM (1993) Herpes simplex virus ICPO and ICP4 immediate early proteins strongly enhance expression of a retrovirus harboured by a leptomeningeal cell line from a patient with multiple sclerosis. J Gen Virol 74:65-72
34. Poser CM, Paty DW, Scheinberg L, McDonald WI, Davis FA, Ebers GC, Johnson KP, Sibley WA, Silberberg DH, Tourtellotte WW (1983) New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines fro research protocols. Ann Neurol 13:227-231
35. Potvin AR, Tourtellotte WW (1985) Quantitative examination of neurologic functions. CRC Press, Boca Raton
36. Raven JC (1965) Guide to using the coloured progressive matrices. Lewis, London
37. Runmarker B, Andersen O (1993) Prognostic factors in a multiple sclerosis incidence cohort with 25 years of follow-up. Brain 116:117-134
38. Salmi A, Reunanen M, Ilonen J, Panelius M (1983) Intrathecal antibody synthesis to virus antigens in multiple sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 52: 241-249
39. Sibley WA, Bamford C, Clark K (1985) Clinical viral infections and multiple sclerosis. Lancet II: 1313-1315
40. Sola P, Merelli E, Marasca R, Poggi M, Luppi M, Montorsi M, Torelli G (1993) Human herpesvirus 6 and multiple sclerosis: survey of anti-HHV-6 antibodies by immunofluorescence analysis and of viral sequences by polymerase chain reaction. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 56:917-919
41. Sumaya CV, Lawrence WM, Ellison GW, Ench Y (1985) Increased prevalence and titer of Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 17:371-377
42. Svennerholm B, Olofsson S, Jeansson S, Vahlne A, Lycke E (1984) Herpes simplex virus type-selective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with helix pomatia lectin-purified antigens. J Clin Microbiol 19:235-239
43. Thin RN, Jeffries DJ, Taylor PK, Arya OP, Rodin P, Yeo J, Fiddian AP (1985) Recurrent genital herpes suppressed by oral acyclovir: a multicentre double-blind trial. J Antimicrob Chemother 16:219-226
44. Tyler KL (1994) Polymerase chain reaction and the diagnosis of viral central nervous system disease. Ann Neurol 36: 809-811
45. Vahlne A, Edström S, Hanner P, Andersen O, Svennerholm B, Lycke E (1985) Possible association of herpes simplex virus infection with demyelinating disease. Scand J Infect Dis 47: 16-21
46. Wagstaff A, Faulds D, Goa K (1994) Aciclovir. A reappraisal of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 47: 153-205
47. Wall M (1991) Resolution perimetry in optic neuritis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:2525-2529
48. Warren KG, Gilden DH, Brown SM, Devlin M, Wroblewska Z, Subak-Sharpe J, Koprowski H (1977) Isolation of herpes simplex virus from human trigeminal ganglia, including ganglia from one patient with multiple sclerosis. Lancet II:637-639
49. Wilborn F, Schmidt CA, Brinkmann V, Jendroska K, Oettle H, Siegert W (1994) A potential role for human herpesvirus type 6 in nervous system disease. J Neuroimmunol 49:213-214