Classification of death in antiarrhythmia trials

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 433-442

  Epstein, Andrew E ^a   Carlson, Mark D ^b   Fogoros, Richard N ^c   Higgins, Steven L ^d   Venditti Jr , Ferdinand J ^e  

^a University of Alabama at Birmingham   (United States)

^b CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c ALLEGHENY GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d SCRIPPS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^e LAHEY HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMIODARONE; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT;

ANTIARRHYTHMIC ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CARDIOVERSION; CAUSE OF DEATH; CLASSIFICATION; DEATH; DEFIBRILLATION; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0030027382     PISSN: 07351097     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(95)00482-3     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Kuller L. Sudden and unexpected non-traumatic deaths in adults: a review of epidemiological and clinical studies. J Chron Dis 1966;19:1165-92.
2. Paul O, Schatz M. Editorial on sudden death. Circulation 1971;43:7-10.
3. Biörck G, Wikland B. "Sudden death" - what are we talking about? Circulation 1972;45:256-8.
4. Killip T. Time, place, event of sudden death. Circulation 1975;51 and 52 Suppl III:III-160-III-163.
5. Goldstein S. The necessity of a uniform definition of sudden coronary death: witnessed death within 1 hour of the onset of acute symptoms. Am Heart J 1982;103:156-9.
6. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. Sudden cardiac death. WHO Tech Rep Ser 1985;726:5-25.
7. Myerburg RJ. Sudden cardiac death: epidemiology, causes, and mechanisms. Cardiology 1987;74 Suppl 2:2-9.
8. Roberts WC. Sudden cardiac death: definitions and causes. Am J Cardiol 1987;57:1410-13.
9. Greene HL, Richardson DW, Barker AH, et al. Classification of deaths after myocardial infarction as arrhythmic or nonarrhythmic (the Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study). Am J Cardiol 1989;63:1-6.
10. Greene HL. Sudden arrhythmic cardiac death - mechanisms, resuscitation and classification: the Seattle perspective. Am J Cardiol 1990;65:4B-12B.
11. Goldstein S. Toward a new understanding of the mechanism and prevention of sudden death in coronary heart disease. Circulation 1990;82:284-8.
12. Demirovic J, Myerburg RJ. Epidemiology of sudden coronary death: an overview. Prog Cardiovascular Dis 1994;37:39-48.
13. Kuller L, Lilienfeld A, Fisher R. An epidemiological study of sudden and unexpected deaths in adults. Medicine 1967;46:341-61.
14. Friedman M, Manwaring JH, Rosenman RH, Donlon G, Ortega P, Grube SM. Instantaneous and sudden deaths: clinical and pathological differentiation in coronary artery disease. JAMA 1973;225:1319-28.
15. Bernard R, Corday E, Eliasch H, et al. Nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of ischemic heart disease: report of the Joint International Society and Federation of Cardiology/World Health Organization Task Force on Standardization of Clinical Nomenclature. Circulation 1979;59:607-9.
16. The Aspirin Myocardial Infarction Study Research Group, The Aspirin Myocardial Infarction Study: final results. Circulation 1980;62 Suppl V:V-79-84.
17. Hinkle LE, Thaler HT. Clinical classification of cardiac deaths. Circulation 1982;65:457-64.
18. Goldstein S, Friedman L, Hutchinson R, et al. Timing, mechanism and clinical setting of witnessed deaths in postmyocardial infarction patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984;3:1111-7.
19. MILIS Study Group. Multicenter Investigation of the Limitation of Infarct Size: design and methods of the clinical trial. Am Heart Assoc Monograph No. 100, 1984.
20. Byington RP, the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial Research Group. Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial: design, methods and baseline results. Control Clin Trials 1984;5:382-437.
21. Marcus FI, Cobb LA, Edwards JE, et al. Mechanism of death and prevalence of myocardial ischemic symptoms in the terminal event after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1988;61:8-15.
22. Kannel WB, Gagnon DR, Cupples LA. Epidemiology of sudden coronary death: population at risk. Can J Cardiol 1990;6:439-44.
23. Sweeney MO, Moss AJ, Eberly S. Instantaneous cardiac death in the posthospital period after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1992; 70:1375-9.
24. Epstein AE. AVID necessity. PACE 1993;16:1773-5.
25. Ector H. Endpoints and trials: a matter of life and death. PACE 1994;17: 1079-81.
26. Connolly SJ. "An AVID dissent": commentary. PACE 1994;17:1712-3.
27. Kim SG, Fogoros RN, Furman S, et al. Standardized reporting of ICD patient outcome: the report of a North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology Policy Conference, February 9-10,1993. PACE 1993;16: 1358-62.
28. Guarnieri T, Levine JH, Griffith LSC, Veltri EP. When "sudden cardiac death" is not so sudden: lessons learned from the automatic implantable defibrillator. Am Heart J 1988;115:205-7.
29. Aspirin Myocardial Infarction Study Research Group. A randomized, controlled trial of aspirin in persons recovered from myocardial infarction. JAMA 1980;243:661-9.
30. Ector H, Rogers R, Rubens A, De Geest H. Classification of death in patients under antiarrhythmic treatment. PACE 1993;16:2250-4.
31. Luu M, Stevenson WG, Stevenson LW, Baron K, Walden J, Diverse mechanisms of unexpected cardiac arrest in advanced heart failure. Circulation 1989;80:1675-80.
32. Cohn JN, Ziesche S, Rector TS. Interobserver differences in classification of deaths in studies of heart failure [abstract]. Circulation 1993;88 Suppl I:I-602.
33. Pratt CM, Greenway PS, Schoenfeld MH, Hibben ML, Reiffel JA. Implications of alternative classifications of sudden cardiac death: a prospective analysis of 109 deaths in defibrillator trials [abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:213A.
34. Tresch DD, Thakur R, Hoffmann RG, Brooks HL. Comparison of outcome of resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in persons younger and older than 70 years of age. Am J Cardiol 1988;61:1120-2.
35. Kirklin JW, Barratt-Boyes BG. Cardiac Surgery: Morphology, Diagnostic Criteria, Natural History, Techniques, Results, and Indications. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1993:258.