Depressed mothers: They don't always look as bad as they feel

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 289-298

  Frankel, Karen A ^a,d   Harmon, Robert J ^b,c  

^a Infant Psychiatry Clinic   (United States)

^b Division of Child Psychiatry

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

attachment; depression subtypes; maternal depression; preschool

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR; MATERNAL DISEASE; MOTHER CHILD RELATION; OBSERVATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS; QUESTIONNAIRE; RATING SCALE; REMISSION; SELF REPORT;

EID: 0030026021     PISSN: 08908567     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199603000-00009     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Abidin RR (1983), Parenting Stress Index-Manual. Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press
2. Ainsworth M, Blehar M, Waters E, Wall S (1978), Patterns of Attachment. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
3. Ainsworth MDS, Wittig B (1969), Attachment and exploratory behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation. In: Determinants of Infant Behavior, Foss BM, ed. New York: Wiley
4. American Psychiatric Association (1994), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
5. Beardslee WR, Bemporad J, Keller MB, Klerman GL (1983), Children of parents with major affective disorder: a review. Am J Psychiatry 140:825-832
6. Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emery G (1979), Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: Guilford Press
7. Bettes B (1988), Maternal depression and motherese: temporal and intonational features. Child Dev 59:1089-1096
8. Billings AG, Moos RH (1985), Children of parents with unipolar depression: a controlled 1-year follow-up. J Abnorm Child Psychol 14:149-166
9. Bothwell S, Weissman MM (1977), Social impairments four years after an acute depressive episode. Am J Orthopsychiatry 47:231-237
10. Breznitz Z, Sherman T (1987), Speech patterning of natural discourse of well and depressed mothers and their young children. Child Dev 58:395-400
11. Brown G, Harris T (1978), Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatic Disorder in Women. London: Tavistock Publications
12. Cassidy J, Marvin RS (1992), Attachment Organization in Preschool Children: Procedures and Coding Manual. Seattle, WA: John D and Catherine T MacArthur Network on the Transition from Infancy to Early Childhood
13. Clark R, Musick JS, Stott FM, Klehr K, Cohler B (1983), Social adjustment among schizophrenic, depressed, and well mothers and their school-aged children. In: Children of Depressed Parents, Morrison HL, ed. New York: Grune & Stratton, pp 65-98
14. Clark R, Musick JS, Stott FM, Klehr K, Cohler B (1984), Mother-child dyads at-risk: development of rating scales for early identification of disturbances in affect and behavior. Paper presented at 4th International Conference on Infant Studies, New York
15. Coyne JC (1985), Studying depressed persons' interactions with strangers and spouses. J Abnorm Psychol 94:231-232
16. Coyne JC, Kessler RC, Tal M, Turnbul J, Wortman CB, Greden JF (1987), Living with a depressed person. J Consult Clin Psychol 55:347-352
17. DeMulder EK, Radke-Yarrow M (1991), Attachment with affectively ill and well mothers: concurrent behavioral correlates. Dev Psychopathol 3:227-242
18. Downey G, Coyne JC (1990), Children of depressed parents: an integrative review. Psychol Rev 108:50-76
19. Dunn LM, Dunn LM (1981), Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised Manual. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service
20. Field T (1995), Infants of depressed mothers. Infant Behav Dev 18:1-13
21. Field T, Healy B, Goldstein S, Perry S, Bendell D (1988), Infants of depressed mothers show "depressed" behavior even with nondepressed adults. Child Dev 59:1569-1579
22. Frankel KA, Harmon RJ (1993), Preschool attachment and mother-child interaction. Presented at the Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meeting, New Orleans
23. Garmezy N, Devine V (1984), Project competence: the Minnesota studies of children vulnerable to psychopathology. In: Children at Risk for Schizophrenia, Watt N, Anthony EJ, Wynne L, Rolf J, eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp 289-303
24. Ghodsian M, Zajicek E, Wolkind S (1984), A longitudinal study of maternal depression and child behavior problems. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 25:91-109
25. Goodman SH, Brogan D, Lynch ME, Fielding B (1993), Social and emotional competence in children of depressed mothers. Child Dev 64:516-531
26. Hammen C, Gordon D, Burge D, Adrian C, Jaenicke C, Hiroto D (1987), Maternal affective disorders, illness, and stress: risk for children's psychopathology. Am J Psychiatry 144:736-741
27. Inoff-Germain G, Nottleman ED, Radke-Yarrow M (1992), Evaluative communications between affectively ill and well mothers and their children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 20:189-212
28. Keller MB, Beardslee WR, Dorer DJ, Lavori PW, Samuelson H, Klerman GR (1986), Impact of severity and chronicity of parental affective illness on adaptive functioning and psychopathology in children. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:930-937
29. Keller MB, Shapiro R (1982), "Double depression": superimposition of acute depressive episodes on chronic depressive disorders. Am J Psychiatry 139:438-442
30. Kochanska G, Kuczinski L (1991), Maternal autonomy granting: prediction of normal and depressed mothers' compliance with requests of 5-year-olds. Child Dev 62:1449-1459
31. Lee CM, Gotlib IH (1989), Maternal depression and child adjustment: a longitudinal analysis. J Abnorm Psychol 98:78-85
32. Lovejoy MC (1991), Maternal depression: effects on social cognition and behavior in parent-child interactions. J Abnorm Child Psychol 19:693-706
33. Mehta CR, Patel NR (1983), A network algorithm for performing Fisher's Exact Test in r × c contingency tables. J Am Stat Assoc 78:427-434
34. Pelaez-Nogueras M, Field T, Cigales M, Gonzalez A, Clasky S (1994), Infants of depressed mothers show less "depressed" behavior with their nursery teachers. Infant Ment Health J 15:358-367
35. Pound A, Cox A, Puckering C, Mills M (1985), The impact of maternal depression on young children. In: Recent Research in Developmental Psychopathology, Stevenson JE, ed. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press, pp 3-10
36. Radke-Yarrow M, Nottleman E, Martinez P, Fox MB, Belmont B (1992), Young children of affectively ill parents: a longitudinal study of psychosocial development. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31:68-77
37. Richman N, Stevenson J, Graham PJ (1982), Pre-School to School: A Behavioral Study. London: Academic Press
38. Richters J, Pellegrini D (1989), Depressed mothers' judgements about their children: an examination of the depression-distortion hypothesis. Child Dev 60:1068-1075
39. Rutter M (1990). Commentary: Some focus and process considerations regarding effects of parental depression on children. Dev Psychol 26:60-67
40. Sameroff AJ, Seifer R, Zax M, Barocas R (1987), Early indicators of developmental risk: Rochester Longitudinal Study. Schizophr Bull 13:363-394
41. Spanier GB (1976), Measuring dyadic adjustment: new scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. J Marriage Fam 38:15-28
42. Spitzer RL, Endicott G (1978), Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research
43. Weissman MM, Gammon GD, John K et al. (1987), Children of depressed parents: increased psychopathology and early onset of major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:847-853