The autonomic nervous system and hypoxia: Mountain medicine

Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System

Volumn 57, Issue 1-2, 1996, Pages 1-12

  Appenzeller, Otto ^a   Martignoni, Emilia ^b  

^a New Mex Hlth Enhancement M   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Altitude; Autonomic nervous system; Clinical aspects; Hypoxia

Indexed keywords

AGING; ALTITUDE DISEASE; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; HUMAN; HYPOXIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TACHYCARDIA;

EID: 0030024456     PISSN: 01651838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0165-1838(95)00093-3     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Adams, R.D., Foreword to the fourth revised and enlarged edition. In O. Appenzeller (Ed.), The Autonomic Nervous System: An Introduction to Basic and Clinical Concepts, 4th revised and enlarged Edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990, p. V.
2. Amery, W.K., The oxygen theory of migraine. In J.N. Blau (Ed.), Migraine. Chapman and Hall Medical, London, 1987, pp. 403-431.
3. Anand, I.S., Hypoxia and the pulmonary circulation, Thorax, 49 (1994) S19-S24 (Suppl.).
4. Antezana, A.M., Richalet, J.P., Antezana, G., Spielvogel, H. and Kacimi, R., Adrenergic system in high altitude residents, Int. J. Sports Med., 13 (1992) S96-S100 (Suppl. 1).
5. Appenzeller, O., Aging, stress and autonomie control. In M.L. Albert and J.E. Knoefel (Eds.), Clinical Neurology of Aging, 2nd Edn., Chapter 35. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1994, pp. 651-673.
6. Appenzeller, O., Aging, stress, and neurovegetative control. In A.R. Genazzani, G. Nappi, F. Patraglia and E. Martignoni (Eds.), Stress and Related Disorders. Parthenon, Carnforth, 1991, pp. 281-293.
7. Appenzeller, O., Neurovascular headache: The autonomie nervous system, peptides and hypoxia, Funct. Neurol., 7 (1992) 83-93 (Suppl. 3).
8. Appenzeller, O., In The Autonomic Nervous system: An Introduction to Basic and Clinical Concepts, 4th revised and enlarged Edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990, p. 321.
9. Appenzeller, O., Barogenic headache, In C.F. Rose (Ed.), Handbook of Clinical Neurology (Revised Series), Vol. 4: Headache. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1986, pp. 395-404.
10. Appenzeller, O., Greene R., Qualls, C. and Martignoni, E., Valsalva's maneuver and intracranial circulation: Effects of altitude and age, Neurology, 44 (1994) A220 (Suppl. 2).
11. Appenzeller, O., Qualls, C. and Martignoni, E., Swallow-induced tachycardia: Effects of age, altitude and ethnicity on this brainstem autonomie reflex, Neurology, 43 (1993) 757S.
12. Appenzeller, O. and Wood, S.C., Pentoxiffyline: Thermoregulatory and vasomotor effects at high altitude, Ann. Sports Med. 4 (1988) 279-285.
13. Appenzeller, P., Wood, S., Qualls, C., Appenzeller, O. and Couzins, W., Vasomotor function at altitude: Effects of a rheologically active drug. In M. Yoshikawa, M. Uono, H. Tanabe and S. Isikawa (Eds.), New Trends in Autonomic Nervous System Research. Excerpta Medica, International Congress Series 951, Amsterdam, 1991, pp. 100-103.
14. Arregui, A., Léon-Velarde, F., Cabrera, J., Paredes, S., Vizcarra, D. and Umeres, H., Migraine, polycythemia and chronic mountain sickness, Cephalalgia, 14 (1994) 339-341.
15. Bärtsch, P., Treatment of high altitude disease without drugs, Int. J. Sports Med., 13 (1992) S71-S74 (Suppl. 1).
16. Bärtsch, P., Maggi, S., Kleger, G.R., Ballmer, P.E. and Baumgartner, R.W., Sumatriptan for high-altitude headache, Lancet 344 (1994) 1445.
17. Bernardi, L., Passino, C., Spadacini, G., Calciati, A., Robergs, R., Greene, R., Martignoni, E., Anand, I. and Appenzeller, O., Baroreflex cardiovascular modulation; Power spectral analysis (PSA); Altitude, breathing and ethnicity. In J.R. Sutton, C.S. Houston and G. Coates (Eds.), Hypoxia and the Brain, Proceedings of the 9th International Hypoxia Symposium, Lake Louise, Canada, 1995, 314.
18. Bert, P., La Pression Barometrique. Recherches de Physiologie Experimentale. Masson, Paris, 1878, 1168 pp.
19. Dejours, P. and Dejours, S., The effects of barometric pressure according to Paul Bert: The question today, Int. J. Sports Med., 13 (1992), S1-S5 (Suppl. 1).
20. Fulco, C.S., Rock, P.B., Reeves, J.T., Trad, L.A., Young, P.M. and Cymerman, A., Effects of propranolol on acute mountain sickness (AMS) and well-being at 4300 meters of altitude, Adv. Space Environ. Med., 60 (1989) 679-683.
21. Goldenberg, F., Richalet, J.P., Onnen, I. and Antezana, A.M., Sleep apneas and high altitude newcomers, Int. J. Sports Med., 13 (1992) S34-S36 (Suppl. 1).
22. Gosney, J.R., The endocrine lung and its response to hypoxia, Thorax 49 (1994) S25-S26 (Suppl.).
23. Green, H.J., Sutton, J.R., Young, P.M., Cymerman, A. and Houston, C.S., Operation Everest II: Muscle energetics during maximal exhaustive exercise, J. Appl. Physiol., 63 (1989) 142-150.
24. Greene, R., Appenzeller, P., Wood, S.C. and Appenzeller, O., Middle cerebral and extra cranial vertebral artery flow velocities during Valsalva's maneuver; hypoxic and rheologic influences, Neurology, 41 (1991) 418 (Suppl. 1).
25. Groves, B.M., Reeves, J.T. and Sutton, J.R., Operation Everest II: Preservation of cardiac function at extreme altitude, J. Appl. Physiol., 63 (1987) 531-539.
26. Hackett, P.M., Medical research on Mount McKinley, Ann. Sports Med., 4 (1988) 232-244.
27. Hackett, P.H., Roach, R.C., Hartig, G.S., Greene, E.R. and Levine, B.D., The effect of vasodilators on pulmonary hemodynamics in high altitude pulmonary edema: A comparison, Int. J. Sports Med., 13 (1992) 868-571 (Suppl. 1).
28. Hank, S.I., Behmand, R.A. and LaManna, J.C., Hypoxia increases glucose transport at blood-brain barrier in rats, J. Appl. Physiol., 77 (1994) 896-901.
29. Heath, D. and Smith P., Diseases of the Human Carotid Body. Springer, London, 1992.
30. Heath, D. and Williams, D.R., High Altitude Medicine and Pathology. Butterworths, London, 1989, p. 179.
31. Heath, D., The pathology of high altitude, Ann. Sports Med., 4 (1988) 203-212.
32. Houston, C.S. and Riley, R.L., Respiratory and circulatory changes during acclimatization to high altitude, Am. J. Physiol., 149 (1947) 565-588.
33. Houston, C., Sutton, J.R., Cymerman, A. and Reeves, J.T., Operation Everest II: Man at extreme altitude, J. Appl. Physiol., 63 (1987) 877-882.
34. Jensen, K., Micco, A., Czartolomna, J., Latham, L. and Voelkel, N., Rapid onset of hypoxic vasoconstriction in isolated lungs, J. Appl. Physiol., 72 (1992) 2018-2023.
35. Korkushko, O.V., Shatilo, V.B., Plachinda, Y.I. and Shatilo, T.V., Autonomic control of cardiac chronotropic function in man as a function of age: Assessment by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability, J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 32., (1991) 191-198.
36. Lahiri, S. and Data, P.G., Chemosensitivity and regulation of ventilation during sleep at high altitudes, Int. J. Sports Med., 13 (1992) S31-S33 (Suppl. 1).
37. Lahiri, S., Respiratory control in Andean and Himalayan high altitude natives. In J.B. West and S. Lahiri (Eds.), High altitude and man. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD, 1984, pp. 147-162.
38. Lauweryns, J.M. and Peuskens, J.C., Neuroepithelial bodies (neuroreceptor or secretory organs?) in human infant bronchial epithelium, Anat. Rec., 172 (1972) 471-478.
39. Lataste, X., The blood-brain barrier in hypoxia, Int. J. Sports Med., 13 (1992) S45-S47 (Suppl. 1).
40. Leuenberger, U., Gleeson, K., Wroblewski, K., Prophet, S., Zelis, R., Zwillich, C. and Sinoway, L., Norepinephrine clearance is increased during acute hypoxemia in humans, Am. J. Physiol., 261 (1991) H1659-H1664.
41. Lieberman, P., Protopapas, A., Reed, E. and Youngs, J.W., Cognitive defects at altitude, Nature, 372 (1994) 325.
42. Longobardo, G.S., Gothe, B., Goldman, M.D. and Cherniack, N.S., Sleep apnea considered as control system instability, Respir. Physiol., 50 (1982) 311-333.
43. 2, Jpn. J. Physiol., 39 (1989) 523-535.
44. Mathew, L., Purkayastha, S.S., Jayashankar, A., Radhakrishna, U., Sen Gupta, J. and Nayar, H.S., Response of the autonomie nervous system in altitude adapted and high altitude pulmonary oedema subjects. Int. J. Biometeorol., 29 (1985) 131-143.
45. Mazzeo, R.S., Wolfel, E.E., Butterfield, G.E. and Reeves, J.T., Sympathetic response during 21 days at high altitude (4300 m) as determined by urinary and arterial catecholamines. Metab. Clin. Exp., 43 (1994) 1226-1232.
46. Monge, C.C., Medical Research in the Andes, Ann. Sports Med., 4 (1988) 245-254.
47. Mosso, A., Respiration on the mountain. In: Life of man on the high Alps. Fisher Unwin, London, 1898, pp. 31-50.
48. Naeije, R., Pulmonary circulation in hypoxia, Int. J. Sports Med., 13 (1992) S27-S30 (Suppl. 1).
49. Nicholson, A.N., Smith, P.A., Stone, B.M., Bradwell, A.R. and Coote, J.H., Altitude insomnia: Studies during an expedition to the Himalayas, Sleep, 11 (1988) 354-361.
50. Oelz, O., Maggiorini, M., Ritter, M., Noti, Ch., Waber, U., Vock, P. and Bartsch, P., Prevention and treatment of high altitude pulmonary edema by a calcium channel blocker, Int. J. Sports Med., 13 (1992) S65-S68 (Suppl. 1).
51. Pilardeau, P., Richalet, J.P., Bouissou, P., Vaysse, J., Larmignat, P. and Boom, A., Saliva flow and composition in humans exposed to acute altitude hypoxia, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol., 59 (1990) 450-453.
52. Poncha, A., Noventa, D., Bertaglia, M., Carretta, R., Zaccaria, M., Miraglia, G., Pascotto, P. and Buja, G., Cardiovascular neural regulation during and after prolonged high altitude exposure, Eur. Heart J., 15 (1994) 1463-1469.
53. Richalet, J.P., Heart and adrenergic system in hypoxia. In J.R. Sutton, G. Coates and J.E. Remmers (Eds.), Hypoxia: the adaptations. P.C. Dekker, Toronto, 1990, pp. 231-240.
54. Richalet, J.P., Larmignat, P., Rathat, C., Kéromés, A., Baud, P. and Lhoste, F., Decreased cardiac response to isoproterenol infusion in acute and chronic hypoxia, J. Appl. Physiol., 65 (1988) 1957-1961.
55. Rowell, L.B. and Seals, D.R., Sympathetic activity during graded central hypovolemia in hypoxemic humans, Am. J. Physiol., 259 (1990) H1197-H1206.
56. Rowell, L.B., Brengelmann, G.L., Savage, M.V. and Freund, P.R., Does acute hypoxemia blunt sympathetic activity in hyperthermia? J. Appl. Physiol., 66 (1989) 28-33.
57. Seals, D.R., Johnson, D.G. and Fregosi, R.F., Hypoxia potentiates exercise-induced sympathetic neural activity in humans, J. Appl. Physiol., 71 (1991) 1032-1040.
58. Severinghaus, J.W., Chiodi, H. and Eger, E.I., Cerebral blood flow in man at high altitude, Circ. Res., 19 (1966) 274-282.
59. Suarez, J.M., Alexander, J.K. and Houston, C.S., Enhanced left ventricular systolic performance at high altitude during Operation Everest II, Am. J. Cardiol., 60 (1987) 137-142.
60. Sutton, J.R., Reeves, J.T., Wagner, P.D., Groves, B.M., Cymerman, A., Malkonian, M.K., Rock, P.B., Young, P.M., Walter, S.D. and Houston, C.S., Operation Everest II: Oxygen transport during exercise at extreme simulated altitude, J. Appl. Physiol., 64 (1988) 1309-1321.
61. Sutton, J.R., Reeves, J.T., Groves, B.M., Wagner, P.D., Alexander, J.K., Hultgren, H.N., Cymerman, A. and Houston, C.S., Oxygen transport and cardiovascular function at extreme altitude: Lessons from operation Everest II, Int. J. Sports Med., 13 (1992) S13-S18 (Suppl. 1).
62. Vogel, J.A. and Harris C.W., Cardiopulmonary responses of resting man during early exposure to high altitude, J. Appl. Physiol., 22 (1967) 1124-1128.
63. Wagner, P.D., Gale, G.E. and Moon, R.E., Pulmonary gas exchange in humans exercising at sea level and simulated altitude, J. Appl. Physiol., 61 (1986) 260-270.
64. Watanabe, E., Ogawa, K., Ban, M. and Satake, T., Sympathetic-nervous system in chronic hypoxic states from pulmonary tuberculosis: a clinical study on plasma norepinephrine and cyclic AMP levels, Jpn. J. Med., 20 (1981) 180-187.
65. West, J.B. and Mathieu-Costello, O., High altitude pulmonary edema is caused by stress failure of pulmonary capillaries, Int. J. Sports Med., 13 (1992) S54-S58 (Suppl. 1).
66. West, J.B., Physiology at the summit of Mount Everest, Ann. Sports Med., 4 (1988) 224-231.
67. West, J.B., Tsukimoto, K., Mathieu-Costello, O. and Prediletto, R., Stress failure in pulmonary capillaries, J. Appl. Physiol., 70 (1991) 1731-1742.
68. White, D.P., Gleeson, K.. Pickett, C.K., Rannels, A.M., Cymerman, A. and Weil, J.W., Altitude acclimatization: Influence on periodic breathing and chemoresponsiveness during sleep, J. Appl. Physiol., 63 (1987) 401-412.
69. Wood, S.C. and Appenzeller, O., Effects of pentoxiffyline on blood rheological properties and exercise performance of endurance-trained athletes at high altitudes, Ann. Sports Med., 4 (1988) 263-269.
70. Wood, S.C., Appenzeller, O. and Appenzeller, P., Transcranial measurement of cerebral blood flow in sojourners and natives at high altitudes, Ann. Sports Med., 4 (1988) 289-293.