Human health perspectives on environmental exposure to benzidine: A review

Chemosphere

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 267-291

  Choudhary, Gangadhar ^a  

^a U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BENZIDINE; CARCINOGEN; CHLORIDE; DRINKING WATER; DYE; SULFATE;

ADHESION; AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; BLADDER CANCER; BRAIN CANCER; CANCER RISK; DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ESOPHAGUS CANCER; GALLBLADDER CANCER; HAZARDOUS WASTE; HUMAN; INHALATION; KIDNEY CANCER; LIVER CANCER; MOUTH CANCER; PUBLIC HEALTH; STOMACH CANCER; SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; SWALLOWING; TOUCH; UNITED STATES; WATER CONTAMINATION;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0030024124     PISSN: 00456535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00338-X     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. ATSDR. 1994. HazDat Database. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S.A.
2. TRI92. 1994. Toxic Chemical Release Inventory. Bethesda, MD: National Library of Medicine, National Toxicology Information Program, U.S.A.
3. ATSDR. 1995. Toxicological Profile for Benzidine. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA., U.S.A.
4. IARC. 1987. Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, Supplement 7:123-125.
5. Clean Air Act of 1990, Pub. L. 90-11. Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
6. OSHA. 1975. Limits for Air Contaminants. 29CFR 1910.1010. Occupational Safety and Health Administration,Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
7. EPA.1994. Code of Federal Regulations. 40 CFR 63.74. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
8. EPA. 1986. Code of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR 4O3 Appendix B. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. U.S.A.
9. ACGIH..1994. Threshold limit values for chemical substances in the work environment. Cincinnati,OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,U.S.A..
10. NIOSH. 1992. Recommendations for occupational Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A..
11. EPA. 1980. Ambient water quality criteria for benzidine. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Regulations and Standards, EPA-440/5-80-023, Washington, D.C.
12. IRIS. 1994. Integrated Risk Information System . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C.
13. Goldwater IJ, Rosso AJ, Kleinfeld M. 1965. Bladder tumors in a coal tar dye plant. Arch Environ Health
14. Meigs JW, Marrett LD, Ulrich FU, Flannery JT. 1986. Bladder tumor incidence among workers exposed to benzidine - a thirty-year follow-up. J Natl Cancer Inst 76:1-8.
15. Shinka T, Sawada Y, Morimoto S, et al. 1991. Clinical study on urothelial tumors of dye workers in Wakayama City. J Urol 46:1504-1507.
16. Bi W, Hayes RB, Feng P, et al. 1992. Mortality and incidence of bladder cancer in benzidine-exposed workers in China. Am J Ind Med 21:481-489.
17. Zabezhinskii MA. 1970. Effectiveness of inhalation as a method of administration of atomized carcinogens. Bull Exp Biol Med 68-70.
18. Tanigawa T, Araki S, Ishizu S, et al. 1990. Natural killer cell activity in workers exposed to benzidine and b-naphthylamine. Br J Ind Med 47:338-341.
19. Araki S, Tanigawa T, Ishizu S, et al. 1993. Decrease of CD4-positive T-lymphocytes in workers exposed to benzidine and beta-naphthylamine. Arch Environ Health 48(4):205-208.
20. Mirkova ET, Lalchev SG. 1990. The genetic toxicity of the human carcinogens benzidine and benzidine-based dyes: chromosomal analysis in exposed workers. Mutation and the Environment, Part C:397-405.
21. Back KC, Thomas AA, MacEwen JD. 1972. Reclassifiction of materials listed as transportation health hazards Based on Toxicological Testing of Certain Hazardous Materials.Final Report. Washington, DC: Department of Transportation. Report no. TSA-20-72-3.
22. Oida S. 1958a. Studies on acute and subacute benzidine poisoning, Part III. An experimental study (or subacute poisoning). J Sci Labor 34:172-195.
23. Nelson CJ, Baetcke KP, Frith CH, et al. 1982. The influence of sex, dose, time and cross on neoplasia in mice given benzidine dihydrochloride. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 64:171-18
24. Littlefield NA, Nelson CJ, Frith CH. 1983. Benzidine dihydrochloride toxicological assessment in mice during chronic exposure. J Toxicol Environ Health 12:671-685.
25. Spitz S, Maguigan WH, Dobriner K. 1950. The carcinogenic action of benzidine. Cancer 3:789-804.
26. Schieferstein G. 1982. Serial sacrifice study on benzidine in mice. Jefferson, AR: National Center for Toxicological Research. Nutrition & Chemical Evaluation Branch, Division of Chemical Toxicology. PB86-116043.
27. Luster MI, Portier C, Pait DG, et al. 1992. Risk assessment in immunotoxicity. I. Sensitivity and predictability of immune tests. Fundam Appl Toxicol 18:200-210.
28. Rao KVN, Rust JH, Mihailovich N, et al. 1971. Subacute toxicity of benzidine in the young adult mice [Abstract]-Fed Proc 30:444 Abs.
29. Littlefield NA, Nelson CJ, Gaylor DW. 1984. Benzidine dihydrochloride risk assessment. Fundam Appl Toxicol 4:69-80.
30. Budnick LD, Sokal DC, Falk H, et al. 1984. Cancer and birth defects near the Drake Superfund site,
31. Baer RL. 1945. Benzidine as cause of occupational dermatitis in a physician. J Am Med Assoc 129:442-443.
32. Grimalt F, Romaguera C. 1981. Cutaneous sensitivity to benzidine. Dermatosen 29:95-97.
33. Kellner H, Christ OE, Lotzsch, K. 1973. Animal studies on the kinetics of benzidine and 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine. Arch Toxicol 31:61-79.
34. Lakshmi VM, Mattammal MB, Spry LA, et al. 1990. Metabolism and disposition of benzidine in the dog. Carcinogencsis 11:139-144.
35. Lynn RK, Garvie-Gould C, Milam DF, et al. 1984. Disposition of the aromatic arnine, benzidine, in the rat: Characterization of mutagenic urinary and biliary metabolites. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 72:1-14.
36. Chipman JK, Mohn GR. 1989. Host-mediated bacterial mutagenesis and enterohepatic circulation of benzidine-derived mutagenic metabolites in rodents. Xenobiotica 19:43-50.
37. Xue-Yun Y, Ji-Gang C, Yong-Ning H. 1990. Studies on the relation between bladder cancer and benzidine or its derived dyes in Shanghai. Br J Ind Med 47:544-552.
38. Zavon MR, Hoegg U, Bingham E. 1973. Benzidine exposure as a cause of bladder tumors. Arch Environ Health 21:1-7.
39. Delzell E, Macaluso M, Cole P. 1989. A follow-up study of workers at a dye and resin manufacturing plant. J Occup Med 31:273-278.
40. Piolatto G, Negri E, LaVeccha C, et al. 1991. Bladder cancer mortality of workers exposed to aromatic amines: An updated analysis. Br J Cancer 63:457-459.
41. Wu W. 1988. Occupational cancer epidemiology in the People's Republic of China. J Occup Med 12:968-974.
42. Hanke J, Krajewska B. 1990. Acetylation phenotypes and bladder cancer. J Occup Med 32:917-920.
43. Yoshida O, Miyakawa M. 1973. Etiology of bladder cancer metabolic aspects. In: Analytical and experimental epidemiology of cancer. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 31-39.
44. Zabezhinskii MA. 1967. In: Current problems in oncology (Leningrad, USSR) 117.
45. Saffiotti U, Cefis F, Montesano R, et al. 1967. Induction of bladder cancer in hamsters fed aromatic amines. In: Bladder cancer: A Symposium. Birmingham, AL: Aesculapius Publishing Company, 129-135.
46. Frith CH, Baetcke KP, Netson CJ, et al. 1980. Sequential morphogenesis of liver tumors in mice given benzidine dihydrochloride. Eur J Cancer 16:1205-1216.
47. DHHS. 1991. Sixth annual report on carcinogens, summary. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, National Toxicology Program.
48. IARC. 1982. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man. Volume 29, Benzidine and its sulfate, hydrochloride and dihydrochloride. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Supplement I:25.
49. EPA. 1993. US Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Register 58 FR 48092.
50. Budnick LD, Sokal DC, Falk H, et al. 1984. Cancer and birth defects near the Drake Superfund site, Pennsylvania. Arch Environ Health 39:409-413.
51. Griswold DP Jr., Casey AE, Weisburger EK, Weisberger JH. 1968. The carcinogenicity of multiple intragastric doses of aromatic and heterocyclic nitro or amino derivatives in young female Sprague-Dawley rats. Cancer Res 28:924-933.
52. Mirkova ET, Ashby J. 1988. Activity of the human carcinogens benzidine and 2-naphthylamine in male mouse bone marrow micronucleus assays. Mutagenesis 3:437-439.
53. Mirkova E. 1990. Activity of the human carcinogens benzidine and 2-naphthylamine in triple-and single-dose mouse bone marrow micronucleus assays: Results for a combined test protocol. Mutat Res 234: 161-163.
54. Harper BL, Sadagopa Ramanujam VM, Legator MS. 1989. Micronucleus formation by benzene, cyclophosphamide. benzo(a)pyrene, and benzidine in male, female, pregnant female, and fetal mice. Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis,Mutagenesis 9:239-252.
55. Ashby J, Lefevre PA, Elcombe CR. 1990, Cell replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) activity of low molecular weight chlorinated paraffins in the rat liver in vivo. Mutagenesis 5:515-518
56. ATSDR. 1989. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Part V. Federal Register 54:37619-37633.
57. EPA. 1986. Health and environmental effects profile for benzidine. Cincinnati, OH: US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Research and Development.
58. Iba MM. 1987. Comparative activation of 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine and related benzidines to mutagens in the Salmonella typhimurium assay by hepatic S9 and microsomes from its pretreated with different inducers of cytochrome P-450. Mutat Res 182:231-241.
59. Kadlubar FF, Yamazoe Y, Flammay JJ, et al. 1986. Peroxidative activation of carcinogenic aromatic amines by human extra hepatic tissues. Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research 27:115.
60. Bos RP, Van Der Krieken W, Smeijsters L, et al. 1986. Internal exposure of rats to benzidine derived from orally administered benzidine-based dyes after intestinal azo reduction. Toxicol 40:207-213.
61. Aldrich FD, Busby WF, Fox JG, 1986. Excretion of radioactivity from rats and rabbits following cutaneous application of two 14C-labeled Azo dyes. J Toxicol Environ Health 18:347-355.
62. Birner G, Albrecht W, Neumann HG. 1990. Biomonitoring of aromatic amines. III: Hemoglobin binding of benzidine and some benzidine congeners. Arch Toxicol 64:97-102.
63. Levy GN, Weber WW. 1988. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of 32P-post-labeled DNA-aromatic carcinogen adducts. Anal Biochem 174:381-392.
64. Gupta RC, Earley K, Sharma S. 1988. Use of human lymphocytes to measure DNA binding capacity of chemical carcinogens. Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research 28:124.
65. Beland FA, Beranek DT, Dooley KL, et al. 1983. Arylamine-DNA adducts in vitro and in vivo: Their role in bacterial mutogenesis and urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect 49:125-134.
66. Mabey WR, Smith JH, Podoll RT, et al. 1982. Aquatic fate process data for organic priority polluntants. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Regulations and Standards. EPA-440/4-81-014.
67. Roy WR, Griffin RA. 1987. Vapor-phase movement of organic solvents in the unsaturated zone. Environmental Institute for Waste Management Studies. University of Alabama. Open File Report No. 16.
68. Hassett JJ, Banwart WL, Griffin RA. 1983. Correlation of compound properties with sorption characteristics of nonpolar compounds by soils and sediments: Concepts and limitations. In: Francis CW, Auerback SI, eds. Environment and solid wastes: Characterization, treatment, and disposal. Butterworth Publishers 161-178.
69. Roy WR, Griffin RA. 1985. Motility of organic solvents in water-saturated soil materials. Environ Geol Water Sci 4:241-247.
70. Korenman IM, Nikolaev BA. 1974. Extraction determination of stepwise ionization constants of weak diacid bases. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry 48: 1502-1504.
71. Zierath DL, Hassett JJ, Banwart WL, et al. 1980. Sorption of benzidine by sediments and soils. Soil Sci 129:277-281.
72. Graveel JG, Sommers LE, Nelson DW. 1986. Decomposition of benzidine, a-naphthylamine, and p-toluidine in soil. J Environ Qual 15:53-59.
73. Means JC, Wijayaratne RD. 1989. Sorption of benzidine, toluidine, and azobenzene on colloidal organic matter. In: Aquatic Humic Substances: Influence on Fate and Treatment of Pollutants. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 209-222.
74. Jedrzejczak K, Giand VS. 1993. Determination of benzidine in urine using capillary gas chromatography and negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Fresenius. J Anal Chem 347(3-4): 136-140.
75. Neumeister CE. 1991. Analysis of urine to monitor exposures to benzidine, o-tolidine, and 4,4′-methylenedianiline. Applied Occupational Environmental Hygiene 6(11):953-958.
76. Johnson HJ, Cemosek SF, Gutierrez-Cernosek, RM, et al. 1981. Validation of a radioimmunoassay procedure for N,N'-diacetylbenzidine, a metabolite of the chemical carcinogen benzidine, in urine. J Anal Toxicol 5:157-161.
77. Morales R, Hermes RE, Rappaport SM. 1981. Determination of benzidine and 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine and their salts by high-performance liquid chromatograpy. In: Egan H, ed. Environmental Carcinogens Selected Methods of Analysis. Volume 4. Some Aromatic Amines and Azo Dyes in the General and Industrial Environment. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 119-131.
78. Roussel R, Gaboury A, Lariviere C. 1991. Aromatic amines in the workplace atmosphere of an aluminum smelter. Light Metals (Warrendale, Pa.) 503-507.
79. EPA. 1984. Semivolatile organic compounds by isotope dilution GC-MS - method 1625, Revision B. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency. Pp 1625-1 to 1625-44.
80. Brumley WC, Brownrigg CM. 1994. Application of MEKC in the determination of benzidines following extraction from water, soil, sediment, and chromatographic adsorbents. J Chromatogr Sci 32(3):69-75.