Successful cancer therapy with promethazine: The rationale

Medical Hypotheses

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 25-29

  Jones, G R N ^a  

^a NONE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHLORPROMAZINE; FISH OIL; MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR; MORPHINE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PARACETAMOL; PHENOTHIAZINE; PROMETHAZINE; STEROID; TRACE ELEMENT;

CANCER; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG RESISTANCE; ENERGY METABOLISM; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT SURVEY;

EID: 0030023901     PISSN: 03069877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0306-9877(96)90231-5     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Merck Index, 11th edn. Rahway, NJ: Merck 1989.
2. Jones GRN. Cancer therapy: phenothiazines in an unexpected role. Tumori 1985; 71: 563-569.
3. Motohashi N. Phenothiazines and calmodulin. Anticancer Res 1991; 11: 1125-1164.
4. Wilkie D. Antimitochondrial drugs in cancer chemotherapy: preliminary communication. J R Soc Med 1979; 72: 599-601.
5. Driscoll J S, Melnick N R, Quinn F R et al. Psychotropic drugs as potential antitumour agents: a selective screening study. Cancer Treat Rep 1978; 62: 45-74.
6. Kerr J F R, Wyllie A H, Currie A R. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 1972; 26: 239-257.
7. Jones G R N. Cancer therapy at the crossroads: which direction for the future? Physiol Chem Phys Med NMR 1991; 23: 217-220.
8. Jones GRN. Cancer destruction in vivo through disrupted energy metabolism. I. The endogenous mechanism of self-destruction within the malignant cell, and the roles of endotoxin, certain hormones and drugs, and active oxygen in causing cellular injury and death. Physiol Chem Phys Med NMR 1992; 24: 169-179.
9. Jones GRN. Cancer destruction in vivo through disrupted energy metabolism. II. Lipid peroxidation and cell death: drug resistance as a consequence of reversible cellular injury. Physiol Chem Phys NMR 1992; 24: 181-194.
10. Jones GRN. Cancer destruction in vivo through disrupted energy metabolism. III. Spontaneous drug resistance, selectivity of antineoplastic action, and strategies for intensifying tumour injury. Physiol Chem Phys Med NMR 1992; 24: 195-212.
11. Jones G R N, Frohn M J N. An injurious effect of chlorpromazine in the murine S180 sarcoma (var.CB) and its relevance to cancer treatment. Biochem Soc Trans 1984; 12: 679-680.
12. Thomas L. Physiological disturbances produced by endotoxins. Annu Rev Physiol 1954; 16: 467-490.
13. Williams R T, Parke D V. The metabolic fate of drugs. Annu Rev Pharmacol 1964; 4: 85-114.
14. Molnár J, Mandi Y, Boda K, Földeák S. The effect of ring-substituted and quaternary chlorpromazine derivatives on the survival of the NK/Ly ascites tumour bearing mice. Neoplasma 1982; 29: 215-222.
15. Heikkila R E, Cohen G, Manian A A. Reactivity of various phenothiazine derivatives with oxygen and oxygen radicals. Biochem Pharmacol 1975; 24: 363-368.
16. Eicke W-J. Günstige Verlaufe bei Karzinompatienten unter zusätzlicher Behandlung mit Phenothiazinderivaten. Med Klin 1973; 68: 1015-1018.
17. Delay J, Deniker P, Harl JM. Utilisation en thérapeutique psychiatrique d'une phenothiazine d'action centrale éléctive (4560RP). Ann Méd Psychol (Paris) 1952; 110(2): 112-117.
18. Rassidakis NC, Kelepouris M, Goulis K, Maraiossefidis K. Malignant neoplasms as a cause of death among psychiatric patients. Int Ment Health Res Newslett 1972; 14(2): 1-3.
19. Csatary L K. Chlorpromazine and cancer. Lancet 1972; ii: 338-339.
20. Lührs W. Über spezielle Fragen der Chemotherapie bösartiger Geschwülste. Abh Dtsch Akad Wiss (Berlin) Klasse Med 1960; 3: 332-337.
21. Bacigalupo G. Klinische Ergebnisse eines neuen kombinierten Verfahrens zur Behandlung bösartiger Tumoren beim Menschen. Dtsch Gesundheitswesen 1960; 15: 172-175.
22. Hoshi A, Kanzawa F, Kuretani K. Antitumour activity of psychotropic drugs and their synergic action with cyclophosphamide. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1969; 17: 848-850.
23. Lührs W, Gertich I. Über die Kombinationsbehandlung mit entkoppelnden Substanzen bei malignen Tumoren. Krebsarzt 1962; 17: 405-410.
24. Food and Nutrition Board. Recommended dietary allowances. Nutr Rev 1990; 48: 28-30.
25. Jones GRN. Prevention of drug-induced upset to energy production in the S180 sarcoma by inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase. Biochem Soc Trans 1980; 8: 106-107.
26. 2 inhibitor which prevents prostaglandin generation. Nature 1979; 278: 456-459.
27. British National Formulary, No 29. London: British Medical Association, 1995.
28. Moolenear F, Ensing J G, Bolhuis B G et al. Absorption rate and bioavailability of promethazine from rectal and oral dosage forms. Int J Pharm 1981; 9: 353 -357.