Exploration of the precision of classifying sudden cardiac death: Implications for the interpretation of clinical trials

Circulation

Volumn 93, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 519-524

  Pratt, Craig M ^a   Greenway, Patricia S ^d   Schoenfeld, Mark H ^b   Hibben, Mary Lou ^d   Reiffel, James A ^c  

^a BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c The New York Presbyterian Hospital   (United States)

^d Telectronics Pacing Systems   (United States)

Author keywords

death, sudden; implantable cardioverter defibrillator; trials

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; CARDIOVERSION; CAUSE OF DEATH; CLINICAL FEATURE; DATA BASE; DEFIBRILLATOR; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART DEATH; HEART VENTRICLE FIBRILLATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUDDEN DEATH;

EID: 0030023077     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.93.3.519     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Beta Blocker Heart Attack Study Group. The beta-blocker heart attack trial. JAMA. 1981;246:2073-2074.
2. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators. Preliminary report: effect of encainide and flecamide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:406-412.
3. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial II (CAST II) Investigators. Effect of the antiarrhythmic agent moricizine on survival after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:227-233.
4. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:293-302.
5. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:685-691.
6. The SAVE Investigators. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:725-727.
7. Cohn JN, Archibald DG, Ziesche S, Franciosa JA, Harston WE, Tristani FE Dunkman WB, Jacobs W, Francis GS, Flohr KH. Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure: results of a Veterans Administration cooperative study. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:1547-1552.
8. Ruberman W, Weinblatt E, Goldberg JD, Frank CS, Chaudhary BS, Shapiro S. Ventricular premature complexes and sudden death after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1981;64:297-305.
9. Moss AJ Davis HT, DeCamilla J, Bayer LW. Ventricular ectopic beats and their relation to sudden and nonsudden cardiac death after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1979;60:998-1003.
10. Bigger JT Jr, Heller CA, Wenger TL, Weld FM. Risk stratification after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1978;42:202-210.
11. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study (CAPS) Investigators. Effects of encainide, flecainide, imipramine and moricizine on ventricular arrhythmias during the year after myocardial infarction: the CAPS. Am J Cardiol. 1988;61:501-509.
12. Hinkle LE Jr, Thaler HT. Clinical classification of cardiac deaths. Circulation. 1982;65:457-464.
13. Friedman M, Manwaring JH, Rosenman RH, Donlon G, Ortega P, Grube SM. Instantaneous and sudden deaths: clinical and pathological differentiation in coronary artery disease. JAMA. 1973;225: 1319-1328.
14. WHO Scientific Group. The pathological diagnosis of acute ischemic heart disease. WHO Tech Rep Ser. 1970;441:5-27.
15. Goldstein S. The necessity of a uniform definition of sudden coronary death: witnessed death within 1 hour of the onset of acute symptoms. Am Heart J. 1982;103:156-159.
16. Joint International Society and Federation of Cardiology/World Health Organization Task Force on Standardized of Clinical Nomenclature. Report: nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. Circulation. 1979;59:607-609.
17. Marcus FL, Cobb LA, Edwards JE, Kuller L, Moss AJ, Bigger T, Fleiss JL, Rolnitzky L, Serokman R, and the Multicenter Post Infarction Research Group. Mechanism of death and prevalence of myocardial ischemic symptoms in the terminal event after myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1988;6:8-15.
18. Greene HL, Richardson DW, Barker AH, Roden DM, Capone RJ, Echt DS, Friedman LM, Gillespie MJ, Hallstrom AP, Verter J, and the CAPS Investigators. Classification of deaths after myocardial infarction as arrhythmic or nonarrhythmic (the Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study). Am J Cardiol. 1989;63:1-6.
19. Conover WG. Practical Nonparametric Statistics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 1980.
20. Connolly SJ, Gent M, Roberts RS, Dorian P, Green MS, Klein GJ, Mitchell LB, Sheldon RS, Roy D, on behalf of the CIDS Co-Investigation. Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study (CIDS): study design and organization. Am J Cardiol. 1993;72: 103F-108F.
21. Buxton AE, Fisher JD, Josephson ME, Lee KL, Pryor DB, Prystowsky EN, Simson MB, DiCarlo L, Echt DS, Packer D. Prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease: the multicenter unsustained tachycardia trial (MUSTT). Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1993;36:215-226.
22. Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Research Protocol. Bethesda, Md: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, HC-92-10; 1993:18.
23. Kim SG, Fogoros RN, Furman S, Connolly SJ, Kuck KH, Moss AJ. Standardized reporting of implantable cardioverter defibrillator patient outcome: the report of a North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology Policy Conference, February 9-10, 1993. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1993;16:1358-1362.
24. Ector H, Rogers R, Rubens A, DeGeest H. Classification of death in patients under antiarrhythmic treatment. PACE Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1993;16:2250-2254.
25. Connolly S, Yusuf S. Evaluation of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator in survivors of cardiac arrest: the need for randomized trials Am J Cardiol. 1992;69:959-962.