Patterns of gene expression along the crypt-villus axis in mouse jejunal epithelium

Anatomical Record

Volumn 244, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 78-94

  Cheng, Hazel ^a   Bjerknes, Matthew ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

In situ hybridization; Jejunal epithelium; Pattern of gene expression; Subtractive cDNA clones

Indexed keywords

SINGLE STRANDED DNA;

ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CELL PROLIFERATION; GAMMA RADIATION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC ORGANIZATION; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; INTESTINE CRYPT; INTESTINE VILLUS; JEJUNUM MUCOSA; MOLECULAR CLONING; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PANETH CELL; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STEM CELL;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; CELL SEPARATION; DNA PRIMERS; DNA, COMPLEMENTARY; EPITHELIUM; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE LIBRARY; GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASES; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; JEJUNUM; MALE; MICE; MICE, INBRED BALB C; MICROSCOPY, PHASE-CONTRAST; MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0030021716     PISSN: 0003276X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(199601)244:1<78::AID-AR8>3.0.CO;2-B     Document Type: Article

References (138)

1. Adams, M.D., M. Dubnick, A.R. Kerlavage, R. Moreno, J.M. Kelley, T.R. Utterback, J.W. Nagle, C. Fields, and J.C. Venter. 1992. Sequence identification of 2,375 human brain genes. Science. 355:632-634.
2. Adams, M.D., J.M. Kelley, J.D. Gocayne, M. Dubnick, M.H Polymeropoulos, H. Xiao, C.R. Merril, A. Wu, B. Olde, R.F Moreno, A.R. Kerlavage, W.R. McCombie, J C. Venter 1991 Complementary DNA sequencing: expressed sequence tags and human genome project. Science, 252:1651-1656.
3. Alessandri, J.M., T.S. Arfi, J. Thevenoux, and C.C. Leger 1990 Diet-induced alterations of lipids during cell differentiation in the small intestine of growing rats: Effect of an essential fatty acid deficiency. J. Pediat. Gastro. Nutrit., 10:504-515.
4. Altschul, S.F., W. Gish, W. Miller, E.W. Myers, and D.J. Lipman 1990 Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol., 215:403-410.
5. Aoyama, Y., Y. Chan, O. Meyuhas, and I.G. Wool 1989 The primary structure of rat ribosomal protein L18a. FEBS Lett., 247:242-246.
6. Battini, R., S. Ferrari, L. Kaczmarek, B. Calabretta, S.T. Chen, and R. Baserga 1987 Molecular cloning of a cDNA for a human ADP/ ATP carrier which is growth regulated. J. Biol. Chem., 262:4355-4359.
7. Beaulieu, J., and P.H. Vachon 1994 Reciprocal expression of laminin A-chain isoforms along the crypt-villus axis in the human small intestine. Gastroenterology, 106:829-839.
8. Beckmann, R.P., L.A. Mizzen, and W.J. Welch 1990 Interaction of hsp 70 with newly synthesized proteins: Implications for protein folding and assembly. Science, 248:850-854.
9. Berridge, M.J., and R.F. Irvine 1984 Inositol trisphosphate, a novel second messenger in signal transduction. Nature Lond., 312:315-321.
10. Bessman, S.P 1985 The creatine-creatine phosphate energy shutle. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 54:831-862.
11. Bibb, M.J , R.A. Van Etten, C.T. Wright, M.W. Walberg, and D.A. Clayton 1981 Sequence and gene organization of mouse mitochondrial DNA. Cell, 26:167-180.
12. Bissonnette, R., L. Menq-Jer, and E. Wang 1990 The differentiation process of intestinal epithelial cells is associated with the appearance of statin, a non-proliferation-specific nuclear protein. J. Cell Sci., 95:247-254.
13. Bjerknes, M., and H. Cheng 1981 Methods for the isolation of intact epithelium from the mouse intestine. Anat. Rec., 199:565-574.
14. Bjerknes, M., and H. Cheng 1981 The stem-cell zone of the small intestinal epithelium: I. Evidence from Paneth cells in the adult mouse. Am. J. Anat., 160:51-63.
15. Bjerknes, M., and H. Cheng 1981 The stem-cell zone of the small intestinal epithelium. III. Evidence from columnar, enteroendocrine, and mucous cells in the adult mouse. Am. J. Anat., 160: 77-91.
16. Campbell, J.A.H., A.V. Corrigall, A. Guy, and R.E. Kirsch 1991 Immunohistologic localization of alpha, mu, and pi class glutathione S-transferases in human tissues. Cancer, 67:1608-1613
17. +-ATPase, phytase, and alkaline phosphatase in isolated enterocytes from normal and vitamin D-deficient rats. Gut, 24:886-892.
18. Chandrasena, G., D.E. Osterholm, I. Sunitha, S.J. Henning 1994 Cloning and sequencing of a full-length rat sucrase-isomaltase-encoding cDNA. Gene, 150.355-360.
19. Chandrasena, G., I. Sunitha, C. Lau, N.N. Nanthakumar, S.J. Henning 1992 Expression of sucrase-isomaltase mRNA along the villus-crypt axis in the rat small intestine. Cell. Mol. Biol., 35:243-254.
20. Cheng, H. and M. Bjerknes 1989 Asymmetric distribution of actin mRNA and cytoskeletal pattern generation in polarized epithelial cells. J. Mol. Biol., 210:541-549.
21. Cheng, H., M. Bjerknes, and H. Chen 1996 CRP-ductin: A gene expressed in intestinal crypts and in pancreatic and hepatic ducts. Anat. Rec. (in press).
22. Cheng, H., and C.P. Leblond 1974a Origin, differentiation and renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small intestine I. Columnar cell. Am. J. Anat., 141:461-480.
23. Cheng, H., and C.P. Leblond 1974b Origin, differentiation and renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small intestine V. Unitarian theory of the origin of the four epithelial cell types Am. J Anat., 141:537-562.
24. Cheng, H., L. Ling, M. Bjerknes, and H. Chen 1992 Patterns of gene expression m the mouse jejunal epithelium. Mol. Biol. Cell, 3.205a.
25. Chester, K.A., L. Robson, R.H.J. Begent, I.C. Talbot, J.H. Pringle, L. Primrose, A.J.S. Macpherson, G. Boxer, P. Southall, and A.D.B. Malcolm 1989 Identification of a human ribosomal protein mRNA with increased expression in colorectal tumors. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1009:297-300.
26. Dahlqvist, A., and C. Nordstrom 1966 The distribution of disaccharidase activities in the villi and crypts of the small-intestinal mucosa. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 113:624-626.
27. Daniel, V., R. Sharon, Y Tichauer, and S. Sarid 1987 Mouse glutathione S-transferase Ya subumt: Gene structure and sequence. DNA, 6:317-324.
28. De Both, N.J., and H. Plaisier 1974 The influence of changing cell kinetics on functional differentiation in the small intestine of the rat. A study of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 22:352-360.
29. De Both, N.J., J.M. van Dongen, B. van Hofwegen, J. Keulemans, W.J. Visser, H. Galjaard 1974 The influence of various cell kinetic conditions on functional differentiation in the small intestine of the rat: A study of enzymes bound to subcellular organelles. Develop. Biol., 38:119-137.
30. Donovan, D.M., and N.J. Pearson 1986 Transcriptional regulation of ribosomal proteins during a nutritional upshift in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol., 6:2429-2435.
31. Duguid, J.R., R.G. Rohwer, and B. Seed 1988 Isolation of cDNAs of scrapie-modulated RNAs by subtractive hybridization of a cDNA library. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85:5738-5742.
32. Edenberg, H.J., K. Zhang, K. Fong, W.F. Bosron, and T-K. Li 1985 Cloning and sequencing of cDNA encoding the complete mouse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 82: 2262-2266.
33. Eliakim, R., M.J. Becich, K. Green, and D.H. Alpers 1990 Both tissue and serum phospholipases release rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Am. J. Physiol., 259:G618-G625.
34. Ellis, R.J., S.M. van der Vies 1991 Molecular Chaperones. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 60:321-347.
35. Ferrari, S., E. Tagliafico, R. Manfredini, A. Grande, E. Rossi, P. Zucchini, G. Torelli, and U. Torelli 1992 Abundance of the primary transcript and its processed product of growth-related genes in normal and leukemic cells during proliferation and differentiation. Can. Res., 52:11-16.
36. Floch, M.H., S. Van Noorden, H.M. Spiro 1967 Histochemical localization of gastric and small bowel mucosal enzymes of man, monkey, and chimpanzee. Gastroenterology, 52:230-238.
37. Fortin-Magana, P., R. Hurwitz, J.J. Herbst, and N. Kretchmer 1970 Intestinal enzymes: Indicators of proliferation and differentiation in the jejunum. Science, 167:1627-1628.
38. Freedman, R.B. 1989 Protein disulfide isomerase: Multiple roles in the modification of nascent secretory proteins. Cell, 57:1069-1072.
39. Galjaard, H , W. van der Meer-Fieggen, N.J. de Both 1972 Cell differentiation in gut epithelium. In: Cell Differentiation. D. Viza, and H. Harris, eds. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp. 322-328.
40. Gasser, R , and R.M. Philpot 1989 Primary structures of cytochrome P-450 isozyme 5 from rabbit and rat and regulation of species-dependent expression and induction in lung and liver: identification of cytochrome P-450 gene subfamily IVB. Mol. Pharmacol., 35:617-625.
41. Giebel, L.B., B.P. Dworniczak, and E.K.F. Bautz 1988 Developmental regulation of a constitutively expressed mouse mRNA encoding a 72-kDa heat shock-like protein. Dev. Biol., 125:200-207.
42. Granger, B.L., S.A. Green, C.A. Gabel, C.L. Howe, I. Mellman, and A. Helenius 1990 Characterization and cloning of lgp110, a lysosomal membrane glycoprotein from mouse and rat cells. J. Biol. Chem., 265:12036-12043.
43. Green, P.H.R., J.H. Lefkowiteh, R.M. Glickman, J.W. Riley, E. Quinet, and C.B. Blum 1982 Apolilpoprotein localization and quantitation in the human intestine. Gastroenterology, 83:1223-1230.
44. Hauri, H.P., A. Quaroni, K.J. Isselbacher 1980 Monoclonal antibodies to sucrase/isomaltase: Probes for the study of postnatal development and biogenesis of the intestinal microvillus membrane. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 77:6629-6633.
45. Hempel, W.M., and A.L. DeFranco 1991 Expression of phospholipase C isozymes by murine B lymphocytes. J. Immunol., 146:3713-3720.
46. Hoffman, L.R., and E.B. Chang 1991 Determinants of regional sucrase-isomaltase expression in adult rat small intestine. J. Biol. Chem., 266:21815-21820.
47. +/glucose cotransporter and mRNA along the crypt-villus axis of rabbit small intestine. Biochem. Biophy Res. Comm., 181:1208-1217.
48. Innis, M.A., D.H. Gelfand, J.J. Sninsky, and T.J White 1990 PCR Protocols. Academic Press, San Diego.
49. Iovanna, J.L., V. Keim, A. Bosshard, B. Orelle, J.M. Frigerio, N. Dusetti, J.C. Dagorn 1993 PAP, a pancreatic secretory protein induced during acute pancreatitis, is expressed in rat intestine. Am. J. Physiol., 265:G611-618.
50. Iovanna, J., B. Orelle, V. Keim, and J. Dagorn 1991 Messenger RNA sequence and expression of rat pancreatitis-associated protein, a lectin-related protein overexpressed during acute experimental pancreatitis. J. Biol. Chem., 266.24664-24669.
51. Iseki, S., and H. Kondo 1990 Light microscopic localization of hepatic fatty acid binding protein mRNA in jejunal epithelia of rats using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemical, and autoradiographic techniques. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 38:111-115.
52. Ishikawa, F., F. Takaku, M. Nagao, and T. Sugimura 1987 Rat c-raf oncogene activation by a rearrangement that produces a fused protein. Mol. Cell. Biol., 7:1226-1232.
53. Itoh, T., and H. Teraoka 1993 Cloning and tissue-specific expression of cDNAs for the human and mouse homologues of rat pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP). Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1172:184-186.
54. Jeynes, B.J., G.G. Altmann 1975 A region of mitochondrial division in the epithelium of the small intestine of the rat. Anat. Rec., 182: 289-296.
55. Judge, M.R., B.D. Lake, V.V. Smith, G.T. Besley, J.I. Harper 1990 Depletion of alcohol (hexanol) dehydrogenase activity in the epidermis and jejunal mucosa in Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. J. Invest. Dermatol., 95:632-634.
56. Kaminsky, L.S., and M.J. Fasco 1991 Small intestinal cytochromes P450. Critical Rev. Toxicol., 21:407-422.
57. Kawaraoto, S., Y. Amaya, K. Murakami, F. Tokunaga, S. Iwanaga, K. Kobayashi, T. Saheki, S. Kimura, and M. Mori 1987 Complete nucleotide sequence of cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence of rat liver arginase. J. Biol. Chem., 262:6280-6283.
58. Kenny, A.J., and S. Maroux 1982 Topology of microvillar membrane hydrolases of kidney and intestine. Physiol. Rev., 62:91-128.
59. Kief, D.R., and J.R. Warner 1981 Coordinate control of synthesis of ribosomal nucleic acid and ribosomal proteins during nutritional shift up in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol., 1:1007-1015.
60. Kislauskis, E.H., X. Zhu, and R.H. Singer 1994 Sequences responsible for intracellular localization of β-actin messenger RNA also affect cell phenotype. J. Cell Biol., 127:441-451.
61. Klingenberg, M. 1989 Molecular aspects of the adenine nucleotide carrier from mitochondria. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 270:1-14.
62. Konarska, L., and L. Tomaszewski 1975 Studies on L-arginase of the small intestine. II. Intestinal arginase in young and adult mammals, and its role in maintaining urea body pool. Biochem. Med., 14:263-273.
63. Kondoh, N., C.W. Schweinfest, K.W. Henderson, T.S. Papas. 1992. Differential expression of S19 ribosomal protein, laminin-binding protein, and human lymphocyte antigen class-I messenger RNAs associated with colon cancer. Cancer Res., 52:791-796.
64. Krainer, A.R., A. Mayeda, D. Kozak, and G. Binns 1991 Functional expression of cloned human splicing factor SF2: Homology to RNA-binding proteins, U1 70K, and Drosophila splicing regulators. Cell, 66:383-394.
65. Long, R.M., H. Satoh, B.M. Martin, S. Kimura, F.J. Gonzalez, and L.R. Pohl 1988 Rat liver carboxylesterase: cDNA cloning, sequencing, and evidence for a multigene family. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 156:866-873.
66. Lunardi, J., and G. Attardi 1991 Differential regulation of expression of the multiple ADP/ATP translocase genes in human cells. J. Biol. Chem , 266:16534-16540.
67. Macpherson, A.J., T.P. Mayall, K.A. Chester, A. Abbasi, I. Forgacs, A.D. Malcolm, and T.J. Peters 1992 Mitochondrial gene expression in the human gastrointestinal tract. J. Cell Sci., 102:307-314.
68. Maheshwari, Y., M. Rao, D.E. Sykes, A.L. Tyner, and M.M. Weiser 1993 Changes in ribosomal protein and ribosomal RNA synthesis during rat intestinal differentiation. Cell Growth Diff., 4:745-752.
69. Mancebo, R., P.C.H. Lo, and S.M. Mount 1990 Structure and Expression of the Drosophila melanogaster gene for the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle 70K protein. Mol. Cell. Biol., 10: 2492-2502.
70. Matuda, S., K. Nakano, S. Ohta, M. Shimura, T. Yamanaka, S. Nakagawa, K. Titani, and T. Miyata 1992 Molecular cloning of the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase of the rat pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Sequence comparison and evolutionary relationship to other dihydrolipoamide acyltransferases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1131:114-118.
71. Mazzarella, R.A., M. Srinivasan, S.M. Haugejorden, and M. Green 1990 ERp72, an abundant luminal endoplasmic reticulum protein, contains three copies of the active site sequences of protein disulfide isomerase. J. Biol. Chem., 265:1094-1101.
72. Meddings, J.B , D. Desouza, M. Goel, and S. Thiesen 1990 Glucose transport and microvillus membrane physical properties along the crypt-villus axis of the rabbit. J. Clin. Invest., 85:1099-1107.
73. Montgomery, R.K., M.A. Sybicki, A.G. Forcier, R.J. Grand 1981 Rat intestinal microvillus membrane sucrase-isomaltase is a single high molecular weight protein and fully active enzyme in the absence of lumenal factors. Biochim. Biophy. Acta, 661:346-349.
74. Noren, O., E Dabelsteen, P.E. Hoyer, J. Olsen, H. Sjostrom, and G.H. Hansen 1989 Onset of transcription of the aminopeptidase N (leukemia antigen CD 13) gene at the crypt/villus transition zone during rabbit enterocyte differentiation. FEBS Lett., 259:107-112.
75. Ogasawara, T., H. Hoensch, E.E. Ohnhaus 1985 Distribution of glutathione and its related enzymes in small intestinal mucosa of rats. Arch. Toxicol. Supp., 5:110-113.
76. Oliva, M.M., T.C. Yang, and V.W. Yang 1993 Isolation and characterization of a differentiation-dependent gene in the human colonic cell line HT29-18. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 302:183-192.
77. Otulakowski, G., and B.H. Robinson 1987 Isolation and sequence determination of cDNA clones for porcine and human lipoamide dehydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem., 262:17313-17318.
78. Ouellette, A.J., R.M. Greco, M. James, D. Frederick, J. Naftilan, and J.T. Fallon 1989 Developmental regulation of cryptdin, a corticostatin/defensin precursor mRNA in mouse small intestinal crypt epithelium. J. Cell Biol., 108:1687-1695.
79. Peckham, I., S. Sobel, J. Comer, R. Jaenisch, and E. Barklis 1989 Retrovirus activation in embryonal carcinoma cells by cellular promoters. Genes Dev., 3:2062-2071.
80. Peters, W.H.M., F.M. Nagengast, and J.H.M. van Tongeren 1989 Glutathione s-transferase, cytochrome P450, and uridine 5′-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase in human small intestine and liver. Gastroenterology, 96:783-789.
81. Pickett, C.B., and A.Y.H. Lu 1989 Glutathione S-transferases: Gene structure, regulation, and biological function. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 58:743-64.
82. Pietrangelo, A., G. Casalgrandi, D. Quaglino, R. Gualdi, D. Conte, S. Milani, G. Montosi, L. Cesarini, E. Ventura, and G. Cairo 1995 Duodenal ferritin synthesis in genetic hemochromatosis. Gastroenterology, 108:208-217.
83. Pijper, A.M. de., W.C. Hulsmann 1973 The influence of in vivo administered chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline on some mitochondrial enzymes of rat small intestinal epithelium: Histochemical data. Histochemie, 33:181-190.
84. Pinkus, L.M., J.N. Ketley, and W.B. Jakoby 1977 The glutathione S-transferases as a possible detoxification system of rat intestinal epithelium. Biochem. Pharmacol., 26:2359-2363.
85. Pogue-geile, K., J.R. Geiser, M. Shu, C. Miller, I.G. Wool, A.I. Meisler, and J.M. Pipas 1991 Ribosomal protein genes are overexpressed in colorectal cancer: Isolation of a cDNA clone encoding the human S3 ribosomal protein. Mol. Cell. Biol., 11:3842-3849.
86. Quill, H., and M.M. Weiser 1975 Adenylate and guanylate cyclase activities and cellular differentiation in rat small intestine. Gastroenterology, 69:470-478.
87. Ramagopal, S 1990 Induction of cell-specific ribosomal proteins in aggregation-competent nonmorphogenetic Dictyosteliuim discoideum. Biochem. Cell Biol., 68:1281-1287.
88. Rao, R.H., and C.M II Mansbach 1990 Acid lipase in rat intestinal mucosa: physiological parameters. Biochim Biophys. Acta., 1043: 273-280.
89. Rapiejko, P.J., S.T. George, and C.C. Malbon 1988 Primary structure of a human protein which bears structural similarities to members of the rhodopsin/B-adrenergic receptor family. Nucl. Acids Res., 16:8721.
90. Rapp, U.R 1991 Role of Raf-1 serine/threonine protein kinase in growth factor signal transduction. Oncogene, 6:495-500.
91. Refsum, S.B., and B.B. Schreiner 1984 Regulation of iron balance by absorption and excretion. Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 19:867-874.
92. Rings, E.H., H.A. Buller, P.A. deBoer, R.J. Grand, R.K. Montgomary, W.H. Lamers, R. Charles, and A.F. Moorman. 1992 Messenger RNA sorting in enterocytes: Co-localization with encoded proteins. FEBS Lett., 300:183-187
93. Rosenberg, D.W. 1991 Dietary modulation of cytochrome P450 in the small intestinal epithelium. Pharmacology, 43:36-46.
94. Rubin, D.C. 1992 Spatial analysis of transcriptional activation in fetal rat jejunal and ileal gut epithelium. Am. J. Physiol., 263: G853-863.
95. Sabath, D.E., H.E. Broome, and M.B. Prystowsky 1990 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA is a major interleukin 2-induced transcript in a cloned T-helper lymphocyte. Gene, 91: 185-191.
96. Sachs, A.B. 1993 Messenger RNA degradation in eukaryotes. Cell, 74:413-421.
97. Sanger, F., S. Nicklen, and A.R. Coulson 1977 DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. U S.A., 74: 5463-5467
98. Schwartz, C.J., D.V. Kimberg, H.E. Sheerin, M. Field, and S.I. Said 1974 Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulation of adenylate cyclase and active electrolyte secretion in intestinal mucosa. J. Clin. Invest., 54:536-544.
99. Semenza, G. 1979 The mode of anchoring of sucrase-isomaltase to the small intestinal brush-border membrane and its biosynthetic implications. In Proceedings of the 12th FEBS Meeting, Dresden, 1978, Vol. 53. S. Rapaport and T. Schewe, eds. Pergamon, New York, pp. 21-28.
100. Semenza, G. 1981 Intestinal oligo- and disaccharidases. In: Carbohydrate Metabolism and Its Disorders, Vol. 3. P.J. Randle, D.F. Steiner, and W.J. Whelan, eds. Academic Press, London, pp. 425-479
101. Sharp, M.G.E., S.M. Adams, P. Elvin, E.A. Walker, W.J. Brammar, and J.M. Varley 1990 A sequence previously identified as metastasis-related encodes an acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein, P2. Br. J. Cancer, 61:83-88.
102. Sharp, G.W.G., and S. Hynie 1971 Stimulation of intestinal adenyl cyclase by cholera toxin. Nature, 229:266-268.
103. Sheldon, J.G., K.M. Brindle, and A.M. Fulton 1995 Overexpression of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase. Biochemistry thesis, Cambridge University.
104. Simon-Assmann, P., B. Duclos, V. Orian-Rousseau, C. Arnold, C. Mathelin, E. Engvall, and M. Kedinger 1994 Differential expression of laminin isoforms and alpha 6-beta 4 integrin subunits in the developing human and mouse intestine. Dev. Dynam., 201: 71-85.
105. Stoffel, W., R. Muller, E. Binczek, and K. Hofmann 1992 Mouse apolipoprotein AI cDNA-derived primary structure, gene organisation and complete nucleotide sequence. Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler., 373:187-193.
106. Storm, S.M., J.L. Cleveland, and U.R. Rapp 1990 Expression of raf family proto-oncogenes in normal mouse tissues. Oncogene, 5.345-351.
107. Sullivan, K.A., Y. Liao, A. Alborzi, B. Beiderman, F. Chang, S.B. Masters, A.D. Levinson, and H.R. Bourne 1986 Inhibitory and stimulatory G proteins of adenylate cyclase: cDNA and amino acid sequences of the a chains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 83:6687-6691.
108. Sykes, D.E., and M.M. Weiser 1992 The identification of genes specifically expressed in epithelial cells of the rat intestinal crypts. Differentiation, 50:41-46.
109. Theil, E.C. 1987 Ferritin: structure, gene regulation, and cellular function in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 56:289-315.
110. Thomas, G., J. Martin-Perez, M. Siegmann, and A.M. Otto 1982 The effect of serum, EGF, PGF2σ and insulin on S6 phosphorylation and the initiation of protein and DNA synthesis. Cell, 30:235-242.
111. Tietjen, T.G., C.H. Mjaatvedt, and V.W. Yang 1994 Cellular localization of the class I alcohol dehydrogenase transcript in adult rat tissues Histochem. J., 26:526-532.
112. Torti, S.V., E.L. Kwak, S.C. Miller, L.L. Miller, G.M. Ringold, K.B. Myambo, A.P. Young, and F.M. Torti 1988 The molecular cloning and characterization of murine ferritin heavy chain, a tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene J. Biol. Chem., 263:12638-12644.
113. Traber, P.G. 1990 Regulation of sucrase-isomaltase gene expression along the crypt-villus axis of rat small intestine. Biochim. Biophys. Res. Commun., 173:765-773.
114. Traber, P.G., J. Chianale, R. Florence, K. Kim, E. Wojcik, and J.J. Gumucio 1988 Expression of cytochrome P450b and P450e genes in small intestinal mucosa of rats following treatment with phenobarbital, polyhalogenated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides. J. Biol. Chem., 263.9449-9455.
115. Traber, P G., W. Wang, and L. Yu 1992 Differential regulation of cytochrome P-450 genes along rat intestinal crypt-villus axis. Am. J. Physio., 263:G215-223.
116. Trezise, A.E.D., and M. Buchwald 1991 In vivo cell-specific expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Nature, 353:434-437.
117. Tyner, A.L., R. Godbout, R.S. Compton, and S.M. Tilghman 1990 The ontogeny of α-fetoprotein gene expression in the mouse gastrointestinal tract. J. Cell Biol., 110:915-927.
118. 2+. Am. J. Physiol., 259:G410-G419.
119. van Deursen, J., J Schepens, W. Peters, D. Meijer, G. Grosveld, W, Hendriks, and B. Wieringa 1992 Genetic variability of the murine creatine kinase B gene locus and related pseudogenes in different inbred strains of mice. Genomics, 12:340-349.
120. van Dongen, J.M., W.J. Visser, W.Th. Daems, and H. Galjaard 1976 The relation between cell proliferation, differentiation and ultrastructural development in rat intestinal epithelium. Cell Tissue Res., 174:183-199.
121. 2+ pump. J. Biol. Chem., 263:14152-14159.
122. Walker, J.E., J.M. Arizmendi, A. Dupuis, I.M. Fearnley, M. Finel, S.M. Medd, S.J. Pilkington, M.J. Runswick, J.M. Skehel 1992 Sequences of 20 subunits of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase from bovine heart mitochondria. Application of a novel strategy for sequencing proteins using the polymerase chain reaction. J. Mol. Biol., 226:1051-1072.
123. Walling, M.W., A.K. Mircheff, C.H. van Os, and E.M. Wright 1978 Subcellular distribution of nucleotide cyclases in rat intestinal epithelium. Am. J. Physiol., 235:E539-E545.
124. Walters, J.R.F., and M.M. Weiser 1987 Calcium transport by rat duodenal villus and crypt basolateral membranes. Am. J. Physiol., 252:G170-G177.
125. Weeda, G., R.C.A. van Ham, W. Vermeulen, D. Bootsma, A.J. van der Eb, and J.H.J. Hoeijmakers 1990 A presumed DNA helicase encoded by ERCC-3 is involved in the human repair disorders xeroderma pigmentosum and cockayne's syndrome. Cell, 62:777-791.
126. Weiser, M.M. 1983 Intestinal membrane glycoproteins: Their synthesis and redistribution during differentiation and possible shedding. J. Pediat. Gastro. Nutrit., 2(Suppl. 1):S157-S163.
127. Weiser, M.M., D.E. Sykes, and P.D. Killen 1990 Rat intestinal basement membrane synthesis. Lab. Invest., 62:325-330.
128. Westermann, P., and O. Nygard 1983 The spatial arrangement of the complex between eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-3 and 40 S ribosomal subunit: Cross-linking between factor and ribosomal proteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 741:103-108.
129. Wice, B.M., and J.I. Gordon 1992 A strategy for isolation of cDNAs encoding proteins affecting human intestinal epithelial cell growth and differentiation: Characterization of a novel gut-specific N-myristoylated annexin. J. Cell Biol., 116:405-422.
130. Wijsman, J.H., J.H. Van Dierendonck, R. Keijzer, C.J. van der Velde, and C.J. Cornelisse 1993 Immunoreactivity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen compared with bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in normal and neoplastic rat tissue. J Path., 168:75-83.
131. Williams, S.C , S.M. Bruckheimer, A.J. Lusis, R.C. LeBoeuf, and A.J. Kinniburgh 1986 Mouse apolipoprotein A-IV gene: Nucleotide sequence and induction by a high-lipid diet. Mol. Cell. Biol., 6:3807-3814.
132. Witte, D.P., D.A. Wiginton, J.J. Hutton, and B.J. Aronow 1991 Coordinate developmental regulation of purine catabolic enzyme expression in gastrointestinal and postimplantation reproductive tracts. J. Cell Biol., 115:179-190.
133. Wright, N., and M. Alison 1984 The Biology of Epithelial Cell Populations, Vol. 2 Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 779-792.
134. Wu, A., and H.G. Windmueller 1978 Identification of circulating apolipoproteins synthesized by rat small intestine in vivo. J. Biol. Chem., 253:2523-2528.
135. Xu, G., L.-J. Huan, I.A. Khatri, D. Wang, A. Bennick, R.E.F. Fahim, G.G. Forstner, and J.F. Forstner 1992 cDNA for the carboxyl-terminal region of a rat intestinal mucin-like peptide. J. Biol. Chem., 267:5401-5407.
136. Yamada, K., N. Hosoya, S. Noda, S. Moriuchi 1980 Changes of immunoreactive sucrase-isomaltase complex in rat small intestine during postnatal development and maturation along the villus-crypt axis. J. Nutri. Sci. Vitamin, 26:171-182.
137. Zahler, A.M., K.M. Neugebauer, W.S. Lane, and M.B. Roth 1993 Distinct functions of SR proteins in alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Science, 260:219-222.
138. Zinn, A.R., S.L. Bressler, P. Beer-Romero, D.A. Adler, V.M. Chapman, D.C. Page, and C.M. Disteche 1991 Inactivation of the Rps4 gene on the mouse X chromosome. Genomics, 11:1097-1101.