Variation in lignin content and composition: Mechanisms of control and implications for the genetic improvement of plants

Plant Physiology

Volumn 110, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 3-13

  Campbell, Malcolm M ^a   Sederoff, Ronald R ^a  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030021535     PISSN: 00320889     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.1.3     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. Agarwal UP, Atalla RH (1986) In-situ microprobe studies of plant cell walls: macromolecular organization and compositional variability in the secondary wall of Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. Planta 169: 325-332
2. Akin DE, Hanna WW, Snook ME, Himmelsbach DS, Barton FE, Windham WR (1986) Normal-12 and brown midrib-12 sorghum. II. Chemical variations and digestibility. Agron J 78: 832-837
3. Akin DE, Rigsby LL, Hanna WW, Gates RN (1991) Structure and digestibility of tissues in normal and brown midrib pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). J Food Sci Agric 56: 523-538
4. Atanassova R, Favet N, Martz F, Chabbert B, Tollier M-T, Monties B, Fritig B, Legrand M (1995) Altered lignin composition in transgenic tobacco expressing O-methyltransferase sequences in sense and antisense orientation. Plant J 8: 465-477.
5. Bate NJ, Orr J, Ni W, Meromi A, Nadler-Hassar T, Doerner PW, Dixon RA, Lamb CJ, Elkind Y (1994) Quantitative relationship between phenylalanine ammonia-lyase levels and phenylpropanoid accumulation in transgenic tobacco identifies a rate-determining step in natural product synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 7608-7612
6. Binns AN, Chen RH, Wood HN, Lynn DG (1987) Cell division promoting activity of naturally occurring dehydroconiferyl glucosides: do cell wall components control cell division? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 980-984
7. Bruce RJ, West CA (1989) Elicitation of lignin biosynthesis and isoperoxidase activity by pectic fragments in suspension cultures of castor beans. Plant Physiol 91: 889-897
8. Bugos RC, Chiang VLC, Campbell WH (1991) cDNA cloning, sequence analysis and seasonal expression of lignin-bispecific caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methyltransferase of aspen. Plant Mol Biol 17: 1203-1215
9. Bugos RC, Chiang VLC, Campbell WH (1992) Characterization of bispecific caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methyltransferase from aspen. Phytochemistry 31: 1495-1498
10. Campbell MM, Ellis BE (1992a) Fungal elicitor-mediated responses in pine cell cultures. I. Induction of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Planta 186: 409-417
11. Campbell MM, Ellis BE (1992b) Fungal elicitor-mediated responses in pine cell cultures. Cell wall-bound phenolics. Phytochemistry 31: 737-742
12. Campbell MM, Ellis BE (1992c) Fungal elicitor-mediated responses in pine cell cultures. III. Purification and characterization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Plant Physiol 98: 62-70
13. Chabbert T, Monties B, Barrière Y, Argillier O (1994a) Biological variability in lignification of maize: expression of the brown midrib bm3 mutation in three different maize cultivars. J Sci Food Agric 64: 349-355
14. Chabbert T, Monties B, Barrière Y, Argillier O (1994b) Biological variability in lignification of maize: expression of the brown midrib bm2 mutation. J Sci Food Agric 64: 455-460
15. Chapple CCS, Shirley BW, Zook M, Hammerschmidt R, Somerville SC (1994) Secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis. In EM Meyerowitz, CR Somerville, eds, Arabidopsis. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp 989-1030
16. Chapple CCS, Vogt T, Ellis BE, Somerville CR (1992) An Arabidopsis mutant defective in the general phenylpropanoid pathway. Plant Cell 4: 1413-1424
17. Chen C-L (1991) Lignin: occurrence in woody tissues, isolation, reactions, and structure. In M Lewin, IS Goldstein, eds, Wood Structure and Composition. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 183-261
18. Cherney JH, Cherney JR, Akin DE, Axtell JD (1991) Potential of brown-midrib, low-lignin mutants for improving forage quality. Adv Agron 46: 157-198
19. Chiang VL, Funaoka M (1990) The difference between guaiacyl and guaiacyl-syringyl lignins in their responses to kraft delignification. Holzforschung 44: 309-313
20. Church DL, Galston AW (1988) 4-Coumarate:coenzyme A ligase and isoperoxidase expression in Zinnia mesophyll cells induced to differentiate into tracheary elements. Plant Physiol 88: 679-684
21. Dean JFD, Eriksson K-EL (1994) Laccase and the deposition of lignin in vascular plants. Holzforschung 48: 21-33
22. Dharmawardhana DP, Ellis BE, Carlson JE (1995) A β-glucosidase from lodgepole pine xylem specific for the lignin precursor coniferin. Plant Physiol 107: 331-339
23. Dwivedi UN, Campbell WH, Yu J, Datla RSS, Bugos RC, Chiang VL, Podila GK (1994) Modification of lignin biosynthesis in transgenic Nicotiana through expression of an antisense O-methyltransferase gene from Populus. Plant Mol Biol 26: 61-71
24. Eberhardt TL, Bernards MA, He L, Davin LB, Wooten JB, Lewis NG (1993) Lignification in cell suspension cultures of Pinus taeda. In situ characterization of a gymnosperm lignin. J Biol Chem 268: 21088-21096
25. Elkind Y, Edwards R, Mavandad M, Hendrick SA, Ribak O, Dixon RA, Lamb CJ (1990) Abnormal plant development and down regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in transgenic tobacco containing a heterologous phenylalanine ammonialyase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 9057-9061
26. Feuillet C, Lauvergeat V, Deswarte C, Pilate G, Boudet A, Grima-Pettenati J (1995) Tissue- and cell-specific expression of a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase promoter in transgenic poplar plants. Plant Mol Biol 27: 651-667
27. Freudenberg K, Neish AC (1968) Constitution and biosynthesis of lignin. In A Kleinzeller, GF Springer, HG Wittman, eds, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vol 2. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 1-129
28. Fukuda H, Komamine A (1982) Lignin synthesis and its related enzymes as markers of tracheary-element differentiation in single cells isolated from the mesophyll of Zinnia elegans. Planta 155: 423-130
29. Galliano H, Heller W, Sandermann H (1993) Ozone induction and purification of spruce cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Phytochemistry 32: 557-563
30. Gee M, Nelson OE, Kuc J (1968) Abnormal lignins produced by the brown-midrib mutants of maize. II. Comparative studies on normal and brown-midrib-1 dimethylformamide lignins. Arch Biochem Biophys 123: 403-408
31. Goffner D, Campbell MM, Campargue C, Clastre M, Borderies G, Boudet A, Boudet AM (1994) Purification and characterization of cinnamoyl-coenzyme A:NADP oxidoreductase in Eucalyptus gunnii. Plant Physiol 106: 625-632
32. Grand C (1984) Ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase: a new cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme from higher plant microsomes involved in lignin synthesis. FEBS Lett 169: 7-11
33. Grand C, Boudet A, Boudet AM (1983) Isoenzymes of hydroxycinnamate:CoA ligase from poplar stems properties and tissue distribution. Planta 158: 225-229
34. Grand C, Parmentier P, Boudet A, Boudet AM (1985) Comparison of lignins and of enzymes involved in lignification in normal and brown midrib (bm3) mutant corn seedlings. Physiol Veg 23: 905-911
35. Grisebach H (1981) Lignins. In EE Conn, ed, The Biochemistry of Plants, Vol 7. Academic Press, New York, pp 457-478
36. Gross GG (1985) Biosynthesis and metabolism of phenolic acids and monolignols. In T Higuchi, ed, Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood Components. Academic Press, New York, pp 229-271
37. Gross GG, Mansell RL, Zenk MH (1975) Hydroxycinnamate: coenzyme A ligase from lignifying tissue of higher plants. Biochem Physiol Pflanz 168: 41-51
38. Hahlbrock K, Scheel D (1989) Physiology and molecular biology of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 40: 347-369
39. Halpin C, Knight ME, Foxon GA, Campbell MM, Boudet AM, Boon JJ, Chabbert B, Tollier M-T, Schuch W (1994) Manipulation of lignin quality by downregulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Plant J 6: 339-350
40. Hartley RD, Morrison WH, Borneman WS, Rigsby L, O'Neill M, Hanna WW, Akin DE (1992) Phenolic constituents of cell wall types of normal and brown midrib mutants of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R Br) in relation to wall biodegradability. J Food Sci Agric 59: 211-216
41. Hatton D, Sablowski R, Yung M-H, Smith C, Schuch W, Bevan M (1995) Two classes of cis sequences contribute to tissue-specific expression of a PAL2 promoter in transgenic tobacco. Plant J 7: 859
42. Hauffe KD, Lee SP, Subramaniam R, Douglas CJ (1993) Combinatorial interactions between positive and negative cis-acting elements control spatial patterns of 4CL-1 expression in transgenic tobacco. Plant J 4: 235-253
43. Higuchi T (1981) Biosynthesis of lignin. In W Tanner, FA Loewus, eds, Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol 13B: Plant Carbohydrates II. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 195-224
44. Higuchi T (1985) Biosynthesis of lignin. In T Higuchi, ed, Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood Components. Academic Press, New York, pp 141-160
45. Higuchi T (1990) Lignin biochemistry: biosynthesis and biodegradation. Wood Sci Technol 24: 23-63
46. Higuchi T, Ho T, Umezawa T, Hibino T, Shibata D (1994) Red-brown color of lignified tissues of transgenic plants with antisense CAD gene: wine-red lignin from coniferyl aldehyde. J Biotechnol 37: 151-158
47. Hrazdina G, Jensen RA (1992) Spatial organization of enzymes in plant metabolic pathways. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 43: 241-267
48. Kacser H, Burns J A (1973) The control of flux. Symp Soc Exp Biol 27: 65-104
49. Kuc J, Nelson OE (1964) The abnormal lignins produced by the brown-midrib mutants of maize. 1. The brown-midrib-1 mutant. Arch Biochem Biophys 105: 103-113
50. Kuc J, Nelson OE, Flanagan P (1968) Degradation of abnormal lignins in the brown-midrib mutants and double mutants of maize. Phytochemistry 7: 1435-1436
51. Kutsuki H, Higuchi T (1978) The formation of lignin in Erythrina cristagalli. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 24: 625-631
52. Kutsuki H, Higuchi T (1981) Activities of some enzymes of lignin formation in reaction wood of Thuja orientalis, Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Robinia pseudoacacia. Planta 152: 365-368
53. Kutsuki H, Shimada M, Higuchi T (1982a) Regulatory role of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in the formation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins. Phytochemistry 21: 19-23
54. Kutsuki H, Shimada M, Higuchi T (1982b) Distribution and roles of p-hydroxycinnamate:CoA ligase in lignin biosynthesis. Phytochemistry 21: 267-271
55. Lagrimini LM (1991) Wound-induced deposition of polyphenols in transgenic plants overexpressing peroxidase. Plant Physiol 96: 577-583
56. Lagrimini LM, Bradford S, Rothstein S (1990) Peroxidase-induced wilting in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Cell 2: 7-18
57. Lewis NG, Yamamoto E (1990) Lignin: occurrence, biogenesis and biodegradation. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 41: 455-496
58. Lüderitz T, Grisebach H (1981) Enzymic synthesis of lignin precursors. Comparison of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and cinnamyl alcohol: NADP+ dehydrogenase from spruce (Picea abies L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.). Eur J Biochem 119: 115-124
59. Lüderitz T, Schatz G, Grisebach H (1982) Enzymic synthesis of lignin precursors. Purification and properties of 4-coumarate: CoA ligase from cambial sap of spruce (Picea abies L). Eur J Biochem 123: 583-586
60. Lynn DG, Chen RH, Manning KS, Wood HN (1987) The structural characterization of endogenous factors from Vinca rosea crown gall tumors that promote cell division of tobacco cells. Proc Natl Acad Science USA 84: 615-619
61. MacKay JJ, Liu W, Whetten RW, Sederoff RR, O'Malley DM (1995) Genetic analysis of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (Cad) in loblolly pine: single gene inheritance, molecular characterization and evolution. Mol Gen Genet 247: 537-545
62. Mansell RB, Babbel GR, Zenk MH (1976) Multiple forms and specificity of coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase from cambial regions of higher plants. Phytochemistry 15: 1849-1853
63. 3H at the hydroxymethyl group of side chain, and incorporation of the label into magnolia and ginkgo lignin. Holzforschung 48: 375-380
64. Ni W, Paiva NL, Dixon RA (1994) Reduced lignin in transgenic plants containing a caffeic acid O-methyltransferase antisense gene. Transgen Res 3: 120-126
65. O'Malley DM, Porter S, Sederoff RR (1992) Purification, characterization, and cloning of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L). Plant Physiol 98: 1364-1371
66. O'Malley DM, Whetten R, Bao W, Chen C-L, Sederoff R (1993) The role of laccase in lignification. Plant J 4: 751-757
67. Pillonel C, Mulder MM, Boon JJ, Forster B, Binder A (1991) Involvement of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase in the control of lignin formation in Sorghum bicolor L Moench. Planta 185: 538-544
68. Sederoff RR, Campbell MM, O'Malley DM, Whetten RW (1994) Genetic regulation of lignin biosynthesis and the potential mod-ification of wood by genetic engineering in loblolly pine. Rec Adv Phytochem 28: 313-355
69. Shimada M, Fushiki H, Higuchi T (1973) Mechanism of biochemical formation of the methoxyl groups in softwood and hardwood lignins. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 19: 13-21
70. Shufflebottom D, Edwards K, Schuch W, Bevan M (1993) Transcription of two members of a gene family encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase leads to remarkably different cell specificities and induction patterns. Plant J 3: 835-845
71. Taylor JG, Owen TP Jr, Koonce LT, Haigler CH (1992) Dispersed lignin in tracheary elements treated with cellulose synthesis inhibitors provides evidence that molecules of the secondary cell wall mediate wall patterning. Plant J 2: 959-970
72. Terashima N, Fukushima K (1988) Heterogeneity in formation of lignin. XI. An autoradiographic study of the heterogeneous formation and structure of pine lignin. Food Sci Technol 22: 259-270
73. Terashima N, Fukushima K (1989) Biogenesis and structure of macromolecular lignin in cell wall of tree xylem as studied by microautoradiography. In NG Lewis, MG Paice, eds, Plant Cell Wall Polymers: Biogenesis and Biodegradation, ACS Symposium series 399. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 160-168
74. Timell TE (1986) Compression Wood in Gymnosperms. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany
75. Vignols F, Rigau J, Torres MA, Capellades M, Puigdomènech P (1995) The brown-midrib3 (bm3) mutation in maize occurs in the gene encoding caffeic acid O-methyltransferase. Plant Cell 7: 407-416
76. Voo KS, Whetten RW, O'Malley DM, Sederoff RR (1995) 4-Coumarate:oenzyme A ligase in xylem of loblolly pine. Plant Physiol 108: 85-97
77. Whetten R, Sederoff R (1992) Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from loblolly pine Purification of the enzyme and isolation of complementary DNA clones. Plant Physiol 98: 380-386
78. Ye ZH, Kneusel RE, Matern U, Varner JE (1994) An alternative methylation pathway in lignin biosynthesis in Zinnia. Plant Cell 6: 1427-1439
79. Zobel BJ, van Buijtenen JP (1989) Wood Variation. Its Causes and Control. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany