Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation steps are key events in the phytochrome-mediated enhancement of nitrate reductase mRNA levels and enzyme activity in maize

Molecular and General Genetics

Volumn 251, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 599-608

  Chandok, Meena R ^a   Sopory, Sudhir K ^a  

^a JAWAHARLAL NEHRU UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Nitrate reductase; Phosphorylation; Phytochrome; Protein kinase C; Zea mays

Indexed keywords

MESSENGER RNA; NITRATE REDUCTASE; OKADAIC ACID; PHORBOL 13 ACETATE 12 MYRISTATE; PHOSPHORUS 32; PHYTOCHROME; PROTEIN KINASE C;

ARTICLE; DEPHOSPHORYLATION; IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; MAIZE; NONHUMAN; PHOSPHORYLATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ZEA MAYS;

EID: 0030015669     PISSN: 00268925     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02173650     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Angel P, Imagawa M, Chiu R, Stein B, Imbra RJ, Rahmsdorf HJ, Jonat C, Herrlich P, Karin M (1987) Phorbol ester-inducible genes contain a common cis element recognized by a TPA modulated trans-acting factor. Cell 49:729-739
2. Bowler C, Neuhaus G, Yamagata H, Chua NH (1994) Cyclic GMP and calcium mediate phytochrome phototransduction. Cell 77:73-81
3. Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248-254
4. Caboche M, Rouze P (1990) Nitrate reductase: a target for molecular and cellular studies in higher plants. Trends Genet 6:187-192
5. Campbell WH (1988) Nitrate reductase and its role in nitrate assimilation in plants. Physiol Plant 74:214-219
6. Campbell WH, Smarrelli J (1986) Nitrate reductase: biochemistry and regulation. In: Neyra C (ed) Biochemical basis of plant breeding, vol. II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 1-39
7. Castagna M, Takai Y, Kaibuchi K, Sano K, Kikkawa V, Nishizuka Y (1982) Direct activation of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by tumor promoting phorbol esters. J Biol Chem 257:7847-7851
8. Chandok MR (1993) Molecular nature of signal transduction in phytochrome mediated stimulation of nitrate reductase in maize: involvement of protein kinase (C) and phosphoinositides. Ph.D. Thesis, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
9. Chandok MR, Sopory SK (1992) Phorbol myristate acetate replaces phytochrome-mediated stimulation of nitrate reductase in maize. Phytochemistry 31:2255-2258
10. Chandok MR, Sopory SK (1994) 5-Hydroxytryptamine affects the turnover of polyphosphoinositides in maize and stimulates nitrate reductase in absence of light. FEBS Lett 356:39-42
11. Cheng Cl, Dewdney J, Kleinhofs A, Goodman HM (1986) Cloning and nitrate induction of nitrate reductase mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:6825-6828
12. Chiu R, Imagawa M, Imbra RJ, Bockoven JR, Karin M (1987) Multiple cis and trans-acting elements mediate the transcriptional response to phorbol esters. Nature 329:648-651
13. Crawford NM, Wilkinson JQ, LaBrie ST (1992) Control of nitrate reduction in plants. Aust J Plant Physiol 19:377-385
14. Datta N, Cashmore AR (1989) Binding of a pea nuclear protein to promoters of certain photoregulated genes is modulated by phosphorylation. Plant Cell 1:1069-1077
15. Deng MD, Moureaux T, Leydecker M, Caboche M (1990) Nitrate reductase expression is under the control of a circadian rhythm and is light inducible in Nicotiana tabacum leaves. Planta 180:257-261
16. Dooshi A, Aneeta, Sopory SK (1992) Regulation of protein phosphorylation by phytochrome in Sorghum bicolor. Photochem Photobiol 55:465-468
17. Elliot DC, Skinner JD (1986) Calcium-dependent, phospholipid-activated protein kinase in plants. Phytochemistry 25:29-44
18. Furuya M (1993) Phytochromes: their molecular species, gene families and functions. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 44:617-645
19. Glaab J, Kaiser WM (1993) Rapid modulation of nitrate reductase in pea roots. Planta 191:173-179
20. +-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Plant Physiol 90:792-798
21. Guron K, Chandok MR, Sopory SK (1992) Phytochrome-mediated rapid changes in the level of phosphoinositides in etiolated leaves of Zea mays. Photochem Photobiol 56:691-695
22. Hageman RH, Huckelsby DP (1971) Nitrate reductase from higher plants. Methods Enzymol 23:491-503
23. Hardie DG, Haystead TAJ, Sim ATR (1991) Use of okadaic acid to inhibit protein phosphatases in intact cells. Methods Enzymol 201:469-476
24. Hidaka H, Watanabe M, Kobayashi R (1991) Properties and use of H-series compounds as protein kinase inhibitors. Methods Enzymol 201:328-339
25. Huber JL, Huber SC, Campbell WH, Redinbaugh MG (1992) Reversible light/dark modulation of spinach leaf nitrate reductase activity involves protein phosphorylation. Arch Biochem Biophys 296:58-65
26. Huber JL, Redinbaugh MG, Huber SC, Campbell WH (1994) Regulation of maize leaf nitrate reductase activity involves both gene expression and protein phosphorylation. Plant Physiol 106: 1667-1674
27. Imbra RJ, Karin M (1987) Metallothionein gene expression is regulated by serum factors and activators of protein kinase C. Mol Cell Biol 7:1358-1363
28. Imagawa M, Chiu R, Karin M (1987) Transcription factor AP-2 mediates induction by two different signal transduction pathways. Protein kinase C and cAMP. Cell 51:251-260
29. 2 availability. Plant Physiol 96:363-367
30. 2 prevents nitrate reduction in leaves. Plant Physiol 91:970-974
31. Kaiser WM, Spill D, Glaab J (1993) Rapid modulation of nitrate reductase in leaves and roots: indirect evidence for involvement of protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Physiol Plant 89:557-562
32. Klimczak LJ, Schindler U, Cashmore AR (1992) DNA binding activity of the Arabidopsis G-box binding factor GBF1 is stimulated by phosphorylation by casein kinase II from Broccoli. Plant Cell 4:87-98
33. Klimczak LJ, Collinge MA, Farini D, Giuliano G, Walker JC, Cashmore AR (1995) Reconstitution of Arabidopsis casein kinase II from recombinant subunits and phosphorylation of transcription factor GBF1. Plant Cell 7:105-115
34. Kuhlemeir C, Green PJ, Chua NH (1987) Regulation of gene expression in higher plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 38:221-257
35. Lee W, Mitchell P, Tjian R (1987) Purified transcription factor AP-1 interacts with TPA-inducible elements. Cell 49:741-752
36. Lee Y, Assmann SM (1991) Diacylglycerols induce both ion pumping in patch-clamped guard cell protoplasts and opening of intact stomata. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:2127-2131
37. Lenardo M, Pierce JW, Baltimore D (1987) Protein binding sites in Ig gene enhancer determine transcriptional activity and inducibility. Science 236:1573-1577
38. 3. Plant Physiol 102:1251-1257
39. Lillo C (1991) Diurnal variations in corn leaf nitrate reductase: an experimental distinction between transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. Plant Sci 24:65-71
40. Logemann J, Schell J, Willmitzer L (1987) Improved method for the isolation of RNA from plant tissues. Anal Biochem 163:16-20
41. Longeran TA (1990) Steps linking the photosynthetic light reaction to the biological clock require calcium. Plant Physiol 93: 110-115
42. Mackintosh C, Douglas P, Lillo C (1995) Identification of a protein that inhibits the phosphorylated form of nitrate reductase from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves. Plant Physiol 107:451-457
43. Mitchell PJ, Wang C, Tjian R (1987) Positive and negative regulation of transcription in vitro: Enhancer-binding protein AP-2 is inhibited by SV-40 T antigen. Cell 50:847-861
44. Melzer JM, Kleinhofs A, Warner RL (1989) Nitrate reductase regulation: effect of nitrate and light on nitrate reductase mRNA accumulation. Mol Gen Genet 217:341-346
45. Nakagawa H, Poulie M, Oaks A (1984) Characterization of nitrate reductase from corn leaves (Zea mays. cv. W64A × W182E). Plant Physiol 75:285-289
46. Nanmori T, Taguchi W, Kinugasa M, Oji Y, Sahara S, Fukami Y, Kikkawa U (1994) Purification and characterization of protein kinase C from a higher plant. Brassica campestris L. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 203:311-338
47. Neufeld E, Goren JH, Boland D (1989) Thin layer chromatography can resolve phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine and phosphothreonine in a protein hydrolyzate. Anal Biochem 177:138-143
48. Neuhaus G, Bowler C, Kern R, Chua NH (1993) Calcium calmodulin-dependent and independent phytochrome signalling pathways. Cell 73:937-952
49. Olah Z, Kiss Z (1986) Occurence of lipid- and phorbol ester-activated protein kinase in wheat cells. FEBS Lett 195:33-37
50. Pilgrim ML, Caspar T, Quail PH, McClung CR (1993) Circadian and light-regulated expression of nitrate reductase in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol 23:349-364
51. Quail PH (1991) Phytochrome: a light-activated molecular switch that regulated plant gene expression. Annu Rev Genet 25: 389-409
52. Raghuram N, Sopory SK (1995a) Light regulation of nitrate reductase gene expression: mechanism and signal-response coupling. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 1:103-114
53. Raghuram N, Sopory SK (1995b) Evidence for some common signal transduction events for opposite regulation of nitrate reductase and phytochrome-I gene expression by light. Plant Mol Biol 29:25-35
54. Rajasekhar VK, Gowri G, Campbell WH (1988) Phytochrome-mediated light regulation of nitrate reductase expression in squash cotyledons. Plant Physiol 88:242-244
55. Rao LVM, Datta N, Sopory SK, Mukherjee SG (1980) Phytochrome-mediated induction of nitrate reductase in etiolated maize leaves. Physiol Plant 50:208-212
56. Remmler JL, Campbell WH (1986) Regulation of corn leaf nitrate reductase. II. Synthesis and turnover of the enzyme activity and protein. Plant Physiol 80:442-447
57. Romero LC, Lam E (1993) Guanine nucleotide binding protein involvement in early steps of phytochrome-regulated gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:1465-1469
58. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual (2nd edn). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
59. 3, are required for rbeS-3A expression. Plant Cell 4:473-483
60. Schafer E, Bygrave F, Matzenauer S, Marme D (1985) Identification of a calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in plant tissue. FEBS Lett 187:25-28
61. Sen R, Baltimore D (1986) Inducibility of K immunoglobulin enhancer-binding protein NF-κB by a post-translational mechanism. Cell 47:921-928
62. Sharma AK, Sopory SK (1984) Independent effect of phytochrome and nitrate on nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activities in maize. Photochem Photobiol 39:491-493
63. Sharma AK, Raghuram N, Chandok MR, Das R, Sopory SK (1994) Characterization of phytochrome-induced transmitter for the stimulation of nitrate reductase in etiolated leaves of maize. J Exp Bot 45:485-490
64. Sheen J (1993) Protein phosphatase activity in required for light-inducible gene expression in maize. EMBO J 12:3497-3505
65. Silverthrone J, Tobin FM (1987) Phytochrome regulation of nuclear gene expression. Bioassays 7:18-23
66. Singh BR, Song PS (1990) Phytochrome and protein phosphorylation. Photochem Photobiol 52:249-254
67. Sommers ADA, Kuo TM, Kleinhofs A, Warner RL, Oaks A (1983) Synthesis and degradation of barley nitrate reductase. Plant Physiol 72:949-952
68. Sopory SK, Sharma SK (1990) Spectral quality of light, hormones and nitrate assimilation. In: Abrol Y (ed) Nitrogen in higher plants. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp 129-158
69. Spill D, Kaiser WM (1994) Partial purification of two proteins (100 kDa and 67 kDa) cooperating in ATP-dependent inactivation of spinach leaf nitrate reductase. Planta 192:183-188
70. Srinivasan M, Begum N (1994) Stimulation of protein phosphatase-1 activity by phorbol esters. J Biol Chem 269:16662-16667
71. Tamaoki T (1991) Use and specificity of staurosporine, UCN-01 and calphastin C as protein kinase inhibitors. Methods Enzymol 201:340-346
72. Terzaghi WB, Cashmore AR (1995) Light-regulated transcription. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 46:445-474
73. Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon T (1979) Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:4350-4354
74. Vincentz M, Caboche M (1991) Constitutive expression of nitrate reductase allows normal growth and development of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia plants. EMBO J 10:1027-1035
75. Wooley JT, Hick GP, Hageman RH (1960) Rapid determination of nitrate and nitrite in plant material. J Argic Food Chem 8:481-482