Generalized paralysis in the intensive care unit: Emphasis on the complications of neuromuscular blocking agents and corticosteroids

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 219-231

  Gorson, Kenneth C ^a   Ropper, Allan H ^a  

^a ST ELIZABETH'S MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENT;

ANESTHESIA COMPLICATION; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; HUMAN; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; KIDNEY FAILURE; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; MUSCLE ACTION POTENTIAL; MUSCLE ATROPHY; MYOPATHY; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING; OPHTHALMOPLEGIA; PARALYSIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; POLYNEUROPATHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEPSIS;

EID: 0030011307     PISSN: 08850666     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/088506669601100404     Document Type: Review

References (129)

1. Segredo V, Caldwell JE, Matthay MA, et al. Persistent paralysis in critically ill patients after long term administration of vecuronium. N Engl J Med 1992;327:524-528
2. Shapiro JM, Condos R, Cole RP. Myopathy in status asthmaticus: relation to neuromuscular blockade and corticosteroid administration. J Intensive Care Med 1993;8:144-152
3. Hirano M, Ott BR, Raps EC, et al. Acute quadriplegic myopathy: a complication of treatment with steroids, non-depolarizing blocking agents, or both. Neurology 1992;42: 2082-2087
4. Zochodne DW, Ramsay DA, Saly V, et al. Acute necrotizing myopathy of intensive care: electrophysiological studies. Muscle Nerve 1994;17:285-292
5. Ramsay DA, Zochodne DW, Robertson DM, et al. A syndrome of acute severe muscle necrosis in intensive care unit patients. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1993;52:387-398
6. Barohn RJ, Jackson CE, Rogers SJ, et al. Prolonged paralysis due to non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents and corticosteroids. Muscle Nerve 1994;17:647-654
7. Waclawik AJ, Sufit RL, Beinlich BR, Schutta HS. Acute myopathy with selective degeneration of myosin filaments following status asthmaticus treated with methylprednisolone and vecuronium. Neuromuscular Disorders 1992;2: 19-26
8. Bolton CF, Gilbert JJ, Hahn AF, Sibbald WJ. Polyneuropathy in critically ill patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984; 47:1223-1231
9. Zochodne DW, Bolton CF, Gilbert JJ. Polyneuropathy in critical illness: pathologic features. Ann Neurol 1985;18: 160-161
10. Witt NJ, Bolton CF, Sibbald WJ. The incidence and early features of the polyneuropathy of critical illness. Neurology 1985;35 (suppl 1):74
11. Bolton CF, Laverty DA, Brown JD, et al. Critically ill polyneuropathy: electrophysiological studies and differentiation from Guillain-Barre syndrome. J Neurol-Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986;49:563-573
12. Zochodne DW, Bolton CF, Wells GA, et al. Critical illness polyneuropathy. A complication of sepsis and multi-organ failure. Brain 1987;110:819-842
13. Bolton CF. Polyneuropathy as a cause of respiratory failure in critical illness. Int Crit Care Digest 1988;7:7-8
14. Bolton CF. Electrophysiologic studies of critically ill patients. Muscle Nerve 1987;10:129-135
15. Coronel B, Mercatello A, Couturier JC, et al. Polyneuropathy: potential causes of difficult weaning. Crit Care Med 1990;16:486-489
16. Op de Coul AAW, Lambregts PCLA, Kleman J, et al. Neuromuscular complications in patients given Pavulon (pancuronium bromide) during artificial ventilation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1985;87:17-22
17. Op de Coul AAW, Verheul GAM, Leyten ACM, et al. Critical illness polyneuromyopathy after artificial respiration. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1991;93:27-33
18. Couturier JC, Robert D, Monier P. Polynevrites compliquant des sejours prolonges en reanimation. A Propos de 11 cas d'etiologie encore inconnue. Lyon Med 1984; 252:274-279
19. Williams AC, Sturman S, Kelsey S, et al. The neuropathy of the critically ill. Br Med J 1986;293:790-791
20. Gorson KC, Ropper AH. Acute respiratory failure in neuropathy: a variant of critical illness polyneuropathy. Crit Care Med 1993;21:267-271
21. Raps EC, Bird SJ, Hansen-Flaschen JH. Prolonged muscle weakness after neuromuscular blockade in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin 1994;10:799-813
22. Fiamengo SA, Savarese JJ. The use of muscle relaxants in intensive care units. Crit Care Med 1991;19:1457-1459
23. Roelofs RI. Critical illness polyneuropathy. Chest 1991;99: 5-6
24. Gazmuri RJ, Hanif S, Wagner B. Persistent paralysis after vecuronium administration. N Engl J Med 1992;327: 1881-1882
25. Hansen-Flaschen J, Cowen J, Raps EC. Neuromuscular blockade in the intensive care unit. More than we bargained for. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:234-236
26. Phillips LH. Neuromuscular disease in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med 1994;9:117-118
27. Chad DA, Lacomis D. Critically ill patients with newly acquired weakness: the clinicopathological spectrum. Ann Neurol 1994;35:257-259
28. MacFarlane IA, Rosenthal FD. Severe myopathy after status asthmaticus. Lancet 1977;2:615
29. Van Marle W, Woods KL. Acute hydrocortisone myopathy. Br Med J 1980;281:271-272
30. Williams VJ, O'Hehir RE, Czarny D, et al. Acute myopathy in severe acute asthma treated with intravenously administered corticosteroids. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;137:460-463
31. Bachmann P, Gaussorgues P, Pipemo D, et al. Acute myopathy after status asthmaticus. Presse Med 1987l16:1486
32. Kaplan PW, Rocha W, Sanders DB, et al. Acute steroid induced tetraplegia following status asthmaticus. Pediatrics 1986;78:121-123
33. Shee CD. Risk factors for hydrocortisone myopathy in acute severe asthma. Respir Med 1990;84:229-233
34. Helliwell TR, Coakley JH, Wagenmakers AJM, et al. Necrotizing myopathy in critically ill patients. J Pathol 1991;164: 307-314
35. Danon MJ, Carpenter S. Myopathy with thick filament (myosin) loss following prolonged paralysis with vecuronium during steroid treatment. Muscle Nerve 1991;14:1131-1139
36. Al-Lozi MT, Pestronk A, Yee WC, et al. Rapidly evolving myopathy with myosin deficient muscle fibers. Ann Neurol 1994;35:273-279
37. Sher JH, Shafiq SA, Schutta HS. Acute myopathy with selective lysis of myosin filaments. Neurology 1979;29:100-106
38. Subramony SH, Carpenter DE, Raju S, et al. Myopathy and prolonged neuromuscular blockade after a lung transplant. Crit Care Med 1991;19:1580-1582
39. Spitzer AR, Giancarlo T, Maher L, et al. Neuromuscular causes of prolonged ventilator dependency. Muscle Nerve 1992;15:682-686
40. Zochodne DW, Ramsay DA. Acute quadriplegic myopathy (letter). Neurology 1994;44:988-989
41. Wokke JHJ, Jennekens FGI, van den Oord CJM, et al. Histological investigations of muscle atrophy and end plates in two critically ill patients with generalized weakness. J Neurol Sci 1988;88:95-106
42. Apte-Kakade F. Rehabilitation of patients with quadriparesis after treatment of status asthmaticus with neuromuscular blocking agents and high dose corticosteroids. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1991;72:1024-1028
43. Sitwell LD, Weinshenker BG, Monpetit V, Reid D. Complete ophthalmoplegia as a complication of acute corticosteroid and pancuronium associated myopathy. Neurology 1991; 41:921-922
44. Sury MRJ, Russell GN, Heaf DP. Hydrocortisone myopathy. Lancet 1988;2:515
45. Douglass JA, Tuxen DV, Horne M, et al. Myopathy and severe asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146:517-519
46. Giostra E, Magistris MR, Pizzolato G, et al. Neuromuscular disorder in intensive care unit patients treated with pancuronium bromide. Chest 1994;106:210-220
47. Zochodne DW, Bolton CF, Thompson RT, et al. Myopathy in critical illness. Muscle Nerve 1986;9:652
48. Lacomis D, Smith TW, Chad DA. Acute myopathy and neuropathy in status asthmaticus: case report and literature review. Muscle Nerve 1993;16:84-90
49. Kupfer Y, Okrent DG, Twersky RA, Tessler S. Disuse atrophy in a ventilated patient with status asthmaticus receiving neuromuscular blockade. Crit Care Med 1987;15:795-796
50. Knox AJ, Mascie-Taylor BH, Meurs MF. Acute hydrocortisone myopathy in acute severe asthma. Thorax 1986;41: 411-412
51. Coakley JH, Nagendran K, Honavar M, Hinds CJ. Preliminary observations on the neuromuscular abnormalities in patients with organ failure and sepsis. Int Care Med 1993; 19:323-328
52. Coakley JH, Nagendran K, Ormerod IEC, et al. Prolonged neurogenic weakness in patients requiring mechanical ventilation for acute airflow limitation. Chest 1992;101: 1413-1416
53. Margolis BD, Khachikian D, Friedman Y, Garrard C. Prolonged reversible quadriparesis in mechanically ventilated patients who received long term infusions of vecuronium. Chest 1991;100:877-878
54. Brun-Buisson C, Gherardi R. Hydrocortisone and pancuronium bromide: acute myopathy during status asthmaticus. Crit Care Med 1988;16:731-732
55. Picado C, Montserrat J, Agusti-Vidal A. Muscle atrophy in severe exacerbation of asthma requiring mechanical ventilation. Respiration 1988;53:201-203
56. Mackie G, Road J, Stewart H, Eisen A. Reversible paralysis with status asthmaticus, steroids and pancuronium. Clinical electrophysiological correlates. Neurology 1993;43:A166
57. Hunter JM. New neuromuscular blocking drugs. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1691-1699
58. Meyer KC, Prielipp RC, Grossman JE, Coursin DB. Prolonged weakness after infusion of atracurium in two intensive care unit patients. Anesth Analg 1994;78:772-774
59. Krendel DA, Reid C, Roeske L. Persistent weakness following atracurium and corticosteroid administration. Muscle Nerve 1994;17:1124
60. Bella IR, Chad DA, Smith TW, et al. Ophthalmoplegia and quadriplegia in the wake of intensive therapy for status asthmaticus. Muscle Nerve 1994;17:1122
61. De Smet Y, Jaminet M, Jaeger U, et al. Acute corticosteroid myopathy following status asthmaticus. Rev Neurol 1991; 147:682-685
62. Griffin D, Fairman N, Cousin D, et al. Acute myopathy during treatment of status asthmaticus with corticosteroids and steroidal muscle relaxants. Chest 1992;102:510-514
63. Yaroni R, Sphira Y. Myosin degeneration in a congenital myopathy. Arch Neurol 1977;34:114-115
64. Carpenter S, Karpati G. Pathology of skeletal muscle. New York: Churchill and Livingstone, 1984
65. DuBois DC, Almon RR. A possible role for glucocorticoids in denervation atrophy. Muscle Nerve 1981;4:370-373
66. Rouleau G, Karpati G, Carpenter S, et al. Glucocorticoid excess induces preferential depletion of myosin in denervated skeletal muscle fibers. Muscle Nerve 1987;10:428-438
67. Carpenter S, Massa R, Karpati G. Depletion and reconstitution of thick myofilaments in steroid treated rat solei after denervation and reinnervation. J Neurol Sci 1990;98:377
68. Massa R, Carpenter S, Holland P, Karpati G. Loss and renewal of thick myofilaments in glucocorticoid treated rat soleus after denervation and reinnervation. Muscle Nerve 1992;15:1290-1298
69. Panegyres PK, Squier M, Mills KR. Newsom-Davis J. Acute myopathy associated with large parenteral dose of corticosteroid in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56:702-704
70. Belafsky MA, Klawans HL. Prolonged neuromuscular blockade with pancuronium bromide in a young healthy woman. Anesthesiology 1974;40:295-296
71. Shanks AB, Long T, Aitkenhead AR. Prolonged neuromuscular blockade following vecuronium. Br J Anaesth 1985; 57:807-810
72. Haas JL, Shaefer MS, Miwa J, et al. Prolonged paralysis associated with long-term pancuronium use. Pharmacotherapy 1989;9:154-157
73. Partridge BL, Abrams JH, Bazemore C, Kubin R. Prolonged neuromuscular blockade after long term infusion of vecuronium bromide in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 1990;18:1177-1179
74. Rossiter A, Souney PF, McGowan S, Carvajal P. Pancuronitim-induced prolonged neuromuscular blockade. Crit Care Med 1991;19:1583-1587
75. Lagasse RS, Katz RI, Petersen M, et al. Prolonged neuromuscular blockade following vecuronium infusion. J Clin Anesth 1990;2:269-271
76. Gooch JL, Suchyta MR, Balbierz JM, et al. Prolonged paralysis after treatment with neuromuscular junction blocking agents. Crit Care Med 1991;19:1125-1131
77. Segredo V, Matthay MA, Sharma ML, et al. Prolonged neuromuscular blockade after long term administration of vecuronium in two critically ill patients. Anesthesiology 1990; 72:566-570
78. Vanderheyden BA, Reynolds HN, Gerold KB, Emanuel T. Prolonged paralysis after long term vecuronium infusion. Crit Care Med 1992;20:304-307
79. Feldman SA, Levi JA. Prolonged paresis following Gallamine. Br J Anaesth 1963;35:804-806
80. Vandenbrom RHG, Wierda JMKH. Pancuronium bromide in the intensive care unit: a case of overdose. Anesthesiology 1988;69:996-997
81. Gooch JL, Moore MH, Ryser DK. Prolonged paralysis after neuromuscular junction blockade: case reports and electrodiagnostic findings. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993;74: 1007-1011
82. Torres CF, Maniscalco WM, Agostinelli T. Muscle weakness and atrophy following prolonged paralysis with pancuronium bromide in neonates. Ann Neurol 1985;18:403
83. Smith CL, Hunter JM, Jones RS. Vecuronium infusions in patients with renal failure in an ITU. Anaesthesia 1987;42: 387-393
84. Sinclair JF, Malcolm GA, Stephenson JBP, Halworth D. Prolonged neuromuscular blockade in an infant. Anaesthesia 1987;42:1020
85. Camp CE, Tessem J, Adenwala J, Joyce TH. Vecuronium and prolonged neuromuscular blockade in postpartum patients. Anesthesiology 1987;67:1006-1008
86. Benzing G, Iannaccone ST, Bove KE, et al. Prolonged myasthenic syndrome after one week of muscle relaxants. Pediatr Neurol 1990;6:190-196
87. Bizzarri-Schmid ND, Desai SP. Prolonged neuromuscular blockade with atracurium. Can Anaesth Soc J 1986;33: 209-212
88. Hansen-Flaschen JH, Brazinsky S, Basile C, Lanken PN. Use of sedating drugs and neuromuscular blocking agents in patients requiring mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. JAMA 1991;266:2870-2875
89. Klessig HT, Geiger HJ, Murray MJ, Coursin DB. A national survey on the practice patterns of anesthesiologists in the use of muscle relaxants. Crit Care Med 1992;20:1441-1445
90. Stoller JK, Kacmarek RM. Ventilatory strategies in the management of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. In: Weidman HP, Matt HP, Matthay MA, Matthay RA, eds. Clinics in chest medicine, vol 11. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. 1990;755-772
91. Marshall IG, Gibb AJ, Durant NN. Neuromuscular and vagal blocking actions of pancuronium bromide, its metabolites, and vecuronium bromide (ORG NC 45) and its potential metabolites in the anaesthetized cat. Br J Anaesth 1983;55: 703-714
92. Bencini AF, Houwertjes MC, Agoston S. Effects of hepatic uptake of vecuronium bromide and its putative metabolites on the neuromuscular blocking actions in the cat. Br J Anaesth 1985;57:789-795
93. Clarens DM, Kelly KJ, Gilliland SS, et al. A retrospective analysis of long-term use of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents in the intensive care unit, and guidelines for drug selection. Pharmacotherapy 1993;13:647-655
94. Crosby E, Robblee JA. Cyclosporine-pancuronium interaction in a patient with a renal allograft. Can J Anaesth 1988; 35:300-302
95. Kupfer Y, Namba T, Kaldawi E, Tessler S. Prolonged weakness after long term infusion of vecuronium bromide. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:484-486
96. Lien CA, Matteo RS, Ornstein E, et al. Distribution, elimination and action of vecuronium in the elderly. Anesth Analg 1991;73:39-42
97. Dundee JW, Gray TC. Resistance to D-tubocurarine chloride in the presence of liver damage. Lancet 1953;2: 16-17
98. Erkola O. Complications of neuromuscular blockers: interaction with concurrent medications and other neuromuscular blockers. Anaesth Clin North Am 1993;11:427-444
99. Durbin CG. Neuromuscular blocking agents and sedative drugs. Crit Care Clin 1991;7:489-506
100. Aggarwal A, Gutmann L, Gutierrez A. Electrophysiological features of vecuronium induced prolonged neuromuscular blockade. Muscle Nerve 1994;2:251-252
101. Oh SJ, Kim DE, Kuruoglu R, et al. Diagnostic sensitivity of the laboratory tests in myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 1992;15:720-724
102. Wilson RW, Ward D, Johns TR. Corticosteroids: a direct effect at the neuromuscular junction. Neurology 1974;24: 1091-1095
103. Van Wilgenburg H. The effect of prednisolone on neuromuscular transmission in the rat diaphragm. Eur J Pharmacol 1979;55:355-361
104. Miller RG, Milner-Brown HS, Mirka A. Prednisone-induced worsening of neuromuscular function in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 1986;36:729-732
105. Segura RP, Tsairis P. Physiological effect of intravenous corticosteroids on the human neuromuscular junction. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1978;45:19P
106. Schwartz AE, Matteo RS, Ornstein E, Silverberg PA. Acute steroid therapy does not alter non-depolarizing muscle relaxant effects in humans. Anesthesiology 1986;65: 326-327
107. Arts WF, Oosterhuis HJ. Effects of prednisolone on neuromuscular blocking in mice in vivo. Neurology 1975;25: 1088-1090
108. Leeuwin RS, Wolters ECMJ. Effects of corticosteroids on sciatic nerve-tibialis anterior muscle of rats treated with hemicholinium-3. Neurology 1977;27:171-177
109. Leeuwin RS, Veldsema-Currie RD, VanWilgenburg H, Ottenhof M. Effects of corticosteroids on neuromuscular blocking actions of D-tubocurarine. Eur J Pharmacol 1981; 69:165-173
110. Durant NN, Briscoe JR, Katz RL. The effects of acute and chronic hydrocortisone treatment on neuromuscular blockade in the anesthetized cat. Anesthesiology 1984;61: 144-150
111. Bolton CF. The polyneuropathy of critical illness. J Intensive Care Med 1994;9:132-138
112. Leijten FSS, de Weerd AW. Critical illness polyneuropathy. A review of the literature, definition and pathophysiology. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1994;96:10-19
113. Witt NJ, Zochodne DW, Bolton CF, et al. Peripheral nerve function in sepsis and multi-organ failure. Chest 1991;99: 176-184
114. Wijdicks EFM, Litchy WJ, Harrison BA, Gracey DR. The clinical spectrum of critical illness polyneuropathy. Mayo Clin Proc 1994;69:955-959
115. Millar AB, Clarke SW, Davis SN, Gross MLP. Prolonged ventilation in acute severe asthma caused by the Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome. J R Soc Med 1984;77:965-966
116. Hamilton RJ, Puckett R, Bazemore WC. Ventilator dependence in acute severe asthma due to a variant presentation of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Chest 1989;96:1205-1206
117. Preston DC, Logigian EL, Guillain-Barré syndrome during high dose methylprednisolone therapy. Muscle Nerve 1991; 14:378-379
118. Arnason BGW, Soliven B. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. In: Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, Griffin JW, et al, eds. Peripheral neuropathy. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1993;1437-1497
119. Hopkins IJ. A new syndrome: poliomyelitis-like illness associated with acute asthma in childhood. Aust Paediatr J 1974;10:273-276
120. Danta G. Electrophysiological study of amyotrophy associated with acute asthma (asthmatic amyotrophy). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1975;38:1016-1021
121. Shapiro GG, Chapman JT, Pierson WE, Bierman CW. Polio-myelitis-like illness after acute asthma. J Pediatr 1979;94: 767-768
122. Shahar EM, Hwang PA, Niesen CE, Murphy G. Poliomyelitis-like paralysis during recovery from acute bronchial asthma: possible etiology and risk factors. Pediatrics 1991; 88:276-279
123. Wheeler ST, Ochoa J. Poliomyelitis-like syndrome associated with asthma. A case report and review of the literature. Arch Neurol 1980;37:52-53
124. Manson JI, Thong YH. Immunological abnormalities in the syndrome of poliomyelitis-like illness associated with acute bronchial asthma (Hopkin's syndrome). Arch Dis Child 1980;55:26-32
125. Blomquist HK, Bjorksten B. Poliomyelitis-like illness associated with asthma. Arch Dis Child 1980;55:61-74
126. Batley R, Johnson EW. Asthmatic amyotrophy: three cases. Am J Physiol Med Rehabil 1991;70:332-334
127. Beede HE, Newcomb RW. Lower motor nerve paralysis in association with asthma. Johns Hopkins Med J 1980;147: 186-187
128. Gorson KC, Ropper AH. Acute respiratory failure in neuropathy: a variant of critical illness polyneuropathy (letter). Crit Care Med 1993;21:1986-1987
129. Prielipp RC, Coursin DB. Applied pharmacology of common neuromuscular blocking agents in critical care. New Horizons 1994;2:34-47