The recognition potential and conscious awareness

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology

Volumn 98, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 309-318

  Rudell, Alan P ^a   Hua, Jian ^a  

^a SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Language; P300; Perception; Recognition potential; Selective attention; Superimposed images

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AWARENESS; EVOKED RESPONSE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LANGUAGE; LATENT PERIOD; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PERCEPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; WAVEFORM; WORD RECOGNITION;

EID: 0030011163     PISSN: 00134694     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(95)00265-0     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Barrett, G., Neshige, R. and Shibasaki, H. Human auditory and somatosensory event-related potentials: effects of response condition and age. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1987, 66: 409-419.
2. Bentin, S., McCarthy, G. and Wood, C.C. Event-related potentials, lexical decision and semantic priming. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1985, 60: 343-355.
3. Bisiach, E. Through the looking-glass and what cognitive psychology found there. Behav. Brain Sci., 1986, 9: 24-25.
4. Boring, E.G. A new ambiguous figure. Am. J. Psychol., 1930, 42: 444-445.
5. Brooks, III, J.O. and Watkins, M.J. Recognition memory and the mere exposure effect. J. Exp. Psychol.: Learn. Mem. Cogn., 1989, 15: 968-976.
6. Deecke, L., Scheid, P. and Kornhuber, H.H. Distribution of readiness potential, pre-motion positivity, and motor potential of the human cerebral cortex preceding voluntary finger movements. Exp. Brain Res., 1969, 7: 158-168.
7. Donchin, E. Surprise! ... Surprise? Psychophysiology, 1981, 18: 493-513.
8. Duncan, J. Selective attention and the organization of visual information. J. Exp. Psychol.: Gen., 1984, 113: 501-517.
9. Eason, R.G., Harter, M.R. and White, C.T. Effects of attention and arousal on visually evoked cortical potentials and reaction time in man. Physiol. Behav., 1969, 4: 283-289.
10. Fisher, G.H. "Mother, father, and daughter": a three-aspect ambiguous figure. Am. J. Psychol., 1968, 81: 274-277.
11. Fowler, C.A., Wolford, G., Slade, R. and Tassinary, L. Lexical access with and without awareness. J. Exp. Psychol.: Gen., 1981, 110: 341-362.
12. Gilden, L., Vaughan, Jr., H.J. and Costa, L.D. Summated human EEG potentials with voluntary movement. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1966, 20: 433-438.
13. Goldstein, E.B. and Fink, S.I. Selective attention in vision: recognition memory for superimposed line drawings. J. Exp. Psychol.: Hum. Percept. Perform., 1981, 7: 954-967.
14. Hays, W.L. Statistics for Psychologists. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1963.
15. Holender, D. Semantic activation without conscious identification in dichotic listening, parafoveal vision, and visual masking: a survey and appraisal. Behav. Brain Sci., 1986a, 9: 1-23.
16. Holender, D. Conceptual, experimental, and theoretical indeterminacies in research on semantic activation without conscious identification. Behav. Brain Sci., 1986b, 9: 50-66.
17. Homby, A.S., Gatenby, E.V. and Wakefield, H. The Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation. Oxford University Press, Hong Kong, 1970.
18. Johnston, W.A. and Dark, V.J. Selective attention. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 1986, 37: 43-75.
19. Katznelson, R.D. EEG recording, electrode placement, and aspects of generator localization. In: P.L. Nunez (Ed.), Electric Fields of the Brain. Oxford University Press, New York, 1981: 176-213.
20. Kihlstrom, J.F. The cognitive unconscious. Science, 1987, 237: 1445-1452.
21. Kristeva, R., Keller, E., Deecke, L. and Kornhuber, H.H. Cerebral potentials preceding unilateral and simultaneous bilateral finger movements. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1979, 47: 229-238.
22. Kucera, H. and Francis, W.N. Computational analysis of present-day American English. Brown University Press, Providence, RI, 1967.
23. Kutas, M. and Hillyard, S.A. Reading senseless sentences: brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity. Science, 1980, 207: 203-205.
24. Latto, R. and Campion, J. Approaches to consciousness: psychophysics or philosophy. Behav. Brain Sci., 1986, 9: 36-37.
25. Lupker, S.J. Conscious identification: where do you draw the line? Behav. Brain Sci., 1986, 9: 37-38.
26. Mangun, G.R., Hansen, J.C. and Hillyard, S.A. Electroretinograms reveal no evidence for centrifugal modulation of retinal inputs during selective attention in man. Psychophysiology, 1986, 23: 156-165.
27. McCarthy, G. and Nobre, A.C. Modulation of semantic processing by spatial selective attention. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1993, 88: 210-219.
28. Navon, D. On determining what is unconscious and what is perception. Behav. Brain Sci., 1986, 9: 44-45.
29. Neisser, U. and Becklen, R. Selective looking: attending to visually specified events. Cogn. Psychol., 1975, 7: 480-494.
30. Nobre, A.C. and McCarthy, G. Language-related ERPs: scalp distributions and modulation by word type and semantic priming. J. Cogn. Neurosci., 1994, 6: 233-255.
31. Pfefferbaum, A., Christensen, C., Ford, J.M. and Kopell, B.S. Apparent response incompatibility effects on P3 latency depend on the task. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1986, 64: 424-437.
32. Polich, J. P300 in clinical applications: meaning, method, and measurement. Am. J. EEG Technol., 1991, 31: 201-231.
33. Ragot, R. Perceptual and motor space representation: an event-related potential study. Psychophysiology, 1984, 21: 159-170.
34. Ragot, R. and Renault, B. P300 as a function of S-R compatibility and motor programming. Biol. Psychol., 1981, 13: 289-294.
35. Ragot, R. and Renault, B. P300 and S-R compatibility: a reply to Magliero et al. Psychophysiology, 1985, 22: 349-352.
36. Renault, B., Fiori, N. and Giami, S. Latencies of event related potentials as a tool for studying motor processing organization. Biol. Psychol., 1988, 26: 217-230.
37. Rock, I. and Gutman, D. The effect of inattention on form perception. J. Exp. Psychol.: Hum. Percept. Perform., 1981, 7: 275-285.
38. Rubin, E. Figure and ground. In: D.C. Beardslee and M. Wertheimer (Eds. and Transl.), Readings in Perception. Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ, 1958: 35-101. (Original work published in 1915.)
39. Ruchkin, D., Johnson, Jr., R., Canoune, H.L., Ritter, W. and Hammer, M. Multiple sources of P3b associated with different types of information. Psychophysiology, 1990, 27: 157-176.
40. Rudell, A.P. The recognition potential contrasted with the P300. Int. J. Neurosci., 1991, 60: 85-111.
41. Rudell, A.P. Rapid stream stimulation and the recognition potential. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1992, 83: 77-82.
42. Rudell, A.P. Frequency of word usage and perceived word difficulty: ratings of Kucera and Francis words. Behav. Res. Meth. Instr. Comp., 1993, 25: 455-463.
43. Rudell, A.P. and Hua, J. Recognition potential latency and word image degradation. Brain Lang., 1995, 51: 229-241.
44. Rudell, A.P., Cracco, R.Q., Hassan, N.F. and Eberle, L.P. Recognition potential: sensitivity to visual field stimulated. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1993, 87: 221-234.
45. Rugg, M.D. The effects of semantic priming and word repetition on event-related potentials. Psychophysiology, 1985, 22: 642-647.
46. Shibasaki, H., Barrett, G., Halliday, E. and Halliday, A.M. Components of the movement-related cortical potential and their scalp topography. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1980, 49: 213-226.
47. Squires, N.K., Donchin, E. and Squires, K.C. Bisensory stimulation: inferring decision-related processes from the P300 component. J. Exp. Psychol.: Hum. Percept. Perform., 1977, 3: 299-315.
48. Tarkka, I.M. and Hallett, M. Cortical topography of premotor and motor potentials preceding self-paced, voluntary movement of dominant and non-dominant hands. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1990, 75: 36-43.
49. Taylor, M.J. Developmental changes in ERPs to visual language stimuli. Biol. Psychol., 1988, 26: 321-338.
50. Toro, C., Matsumoto, J., Deuschl, G., Roth, B.J. and Hallett, M. Source analysis of scalp-recorded movement-related electrical potentials. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1993, 86: 167-175.
51. Verleger, R. The true P3 is hard to see: some comments on Kok's (1986) paper on degraded stimuli. Biol. Psychol., 1988, 27: 45-50.
52. Wolford, G. A review of the literature with and without awareness. Behav. Brain Sci., 1986, 9: 49-50.
53. Wood, C.C., McCarthy, G., Squires, N.K., Vaughan, Jr., H.G., Woods, D.L. and McCallum, W.C. Anatomical and physiological substrates of event-related potentials: two case studies. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1984, 425: 681-721.
54. Zajonc, R.B. Feeling and thinking: preferences need no inferences. Am. Psychol., 1980, 35: 151-175.
55. Zusne, L. Visual Perception of Form. Academic Press, New York, 1970.