Thrombin, its receptor and protease nexin I, its potent serpin, in the nervous system

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 267-271

  Festoff, Barry W ^a   Smirnova, Irina V ^b   Ma, Jianxin ^b   Citron, Bruce A ^b  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Nerve injury regeneration; Protease nexin I; Protease:inhibitor balance; Serpin; Thrombin

Indexed keywords

PROTEASE NEXIN I; PROTHROMBIN; SERINE PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; THROMBIN; THROMBIN RECEPTOR;

APOPTOSIS; ASTROCYTE; NERVE CRUSH; NERVE FIBER GROWTH; NERVE INJURY; NERVE REGENERATION; NERVOUS SYSTEM; NERVOUS TISSUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVIEW; SYNAPSE;

EID: 0030007646     PISSN: 00946176     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-999018     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Fenton JW: Thrombin. Ann NY Acad Sci 485:5-15, 1986.
2. Gurwitz D, DD Cunningham: Thrombin modulates and reverses neuroblastoma neurite outgrowth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 3440-3444, 1988.
3. Nelson RB, R Siman: Thrombin and its inhibitors regulate morphological and biochemical differentiation of astrocytes in vitro. Dev Brain Res 54:93-104, 1990.
4. Dihanich M, M Kaser, E Reinhard, D Cunningham, D Monard: Prothrombin mRNA is expressed by cells of the nervous system. Neuron 6:575-581, 1991.
5. Monard D: Thrombin and its inhibitors. (Letter.) Science 257:145-146, 1992.
6. Jalink K, WH Moolenaar: Thrombin receptor activation causes rapid neural cell rounding and neurite retraction independent of classic second messengers. J Cell Biol 118:411-419, 1992.
7. Suidan HS, SR Stone, BA Hemmings, D Monard: Thrombin causes neurite retraction in neuronal cells through activation of cell surface receptors. Neuron 8:363-375, 1992.
8. Monard D: Tinkering with certain blood components can engender distinct functions in the nervous system. Perspect Dev Neurobiol 1:165-168, 1993.
9. Beecher KL, TT Andersen, JW Fenton, BW Festoff: Thrombin receptor peptides induce shape change in neonatal murine astrocytes in culture. J Neurosci Res 37:108-115, 1994.
10. Liu Y, RD Fields, BW Festoff, PG Nelson: Proteolytic action of thrombin is required for electrical activity-dependent synapse reduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:10300-10304, 1994.
11. Monard D, E Niday, A Limat, F Solomon: Inhibition of protease activity can lead to neurite extension in neuroblastoma cells. Progr Brain Res 58:359-364, 1983.
12. Gurwitz D, DD Cunningham: Neunte outgrowth activity of protease nexin-1 on neuroblastoma cells requires thrombin inhibition. J Cell Physiol 142:155-162, 1990.
13. Vu TK, DT Hung, VI Wheaton, SR Coughlin: Molecular cloning of a functional thrombin receptor reveals a novel proteolytic mechanism of receptor activation. Cell 64:1057-1068, 1991.
14. Grand RJA, PV Grabham, MJ Gallimore, PH Gallimore: Modulation of morphological differentiation of human neuroepithelial cells by serine proteases: independence from blood coagulation. EMBO J 8:2209-2215, 1989.
15. Vaughan PJ, CJ Pike, CW Cotman, DD Cunningham: Thrombin receptor activation protects neurons and astrocytes from cell death produced by environmental insults. J Neurosci 15:5389-5401, 1995.
16. 2+ homeostasis and sensitivity in glucose deprivation-induced injury. J Neurosci 15:5840-5850, 1995.
17. Cavanaugh KP, D Gurwitz, DD Cunningham, RA Bradshaw: Reciprocal modulation of astrocyte stellation by thrombin and protease nexin-1. J Neurochem 54:1735-1743, 1990.
18. Degen SJF: The prothrombin gene and its liver-specific expression. Semin Thromb Hemostas 18:230-242, 1992.
19. Wagner SL, JW Geddes, CW Cotman, AL Lau, D Gurwitz, PJ Isackson, DD Cunningham: Protease nexin-1, an antithrombin with neurite outgrowth activity, is reduced in Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:8284-8288, 1989.
20. Deschepper CF, V Bigornia, ME Berens, MC Lapointe: Production of thrombin and antithrombin III by brain and astroglial cell cultures. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 11:355-358, 1991.
21. Monard D, E Reinhard, R Meier, J Sommer, L Farmer, G Rovelli, R Ortmann: Steps in establishing a biological relevance for glia-derived nexin. In: Festoff BW (ed): Serine Pmteases and Their Serpin Inhibitors in the Nervous System. Plenum Press, New York, 1990, pp 275-281.
22. Baker JB, DJ Knauer, DD Cunningham: Protease nexins: Secreted protease inhibitors that regulate protease actions at and near the cell surface. In: Conn PM (ed): The Receptors. Academic Press, New York, 1986, pp 153-172.
23. Carrell RW, J Travis: Alpha 1-antitrypsin and the serpins: Variation and countervariation. Trends Biochem Sci 10:20-24, 1985.
24. Cunningham DD, DH Farrell, SL Wagner: Regulation of protease nexin-1 activity and target protease specificity by the extracellular matrix. In: Festoff BW (ed): Serine Proteases and Their Serpin Inhibitors in the Nervous System. Plenum Press, New York, 1990, pp 93-102.
25. Gloor S, K Odink, J Guenther, H Nick, D Monard: A glia-derived neurite promoting factor with protease inhibitory activity belongs to the protease nexins. Cell 47:687-693, 1986.
26. Choi BH, M Suzuki, T Kim, SL Wagner, DD Cunningham: Protease nexin-1. Localization in the human brain suggests a protective role against extravasated serine proteases. Am J Pathol 137:741-747, 1990.
27. Wagner SL, AL Lau, A Nguyen, J Mimuro, DJ Loskutoff, PJ Isackson, DD Cunningham: Inhibitors of urokinase and thrombin in cultured neural cells. J Neurochem 56:234-242, 1991.
28. Rao JS, R Suzuki, BW Festoff: Serpins and brain tumors: Role in pathogenesis. In: Festoff BW (ed): Serine Proteases and Their Serpin Inhibitors in the Nervous System. Plenum Press, New York, 1990, pp 301-311.
29. Festoff BW, JS Rao, D Hantai: Plasminogen activators and inhibitors in the neuromuscular system: III. The serpin protease nexin I is synthesized by muscle and localized at neuromuscular synapses. J Cell Physiol 147:76-86, 1991.
30. McMahan UJ, SE Horton, MJ Werle, LS Honig, S Krîger, MA Ruegg, G Escher: Agrin isoforms and their role in synaptogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 4:869-874, 1992.
31. Biroc SL, DG Payan, JM Fisher: Isoforms of agrin are widely expressed in the developing rat and may function as protease inhibitors. Dev Brain Res 75:119-129, 1993.
32. Fallon JR, ZW Hall: Building synapses: Agrin and dystroglycan stick together. Trends Neurosci 17:469-473, 1994.
33. Monard DD, K Stockel, R Goodman, H Thoenen: Distinction between nerve growth factors and glial factors. Nature 258:444-445, 1975.
34. Guenther J, H Nick, D Monard: A glia-derived neurite-promoting factor with protease inhibitory activity. EMBO J 4:1963-1966, 1985.
35. Houenou LJ, PL Turner, L Li, RW Oppenheim, BW Festoff: A serine protease inhibitor, protease nexin 1, rescues motoneurons from naturally occurring and axotomy-induced cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:895-899, 1995.
36. Carter RE, KM Cerosaletti, DJ Burkin, R Fournier, C Jones, BD Greenberg, BA Citron, BW Festoff: The gene for the thrombin serpin inhibitor, protease nexin I, is located at human chromosome 2q33-q35, and on syntenic regions in the mouse and sheep genomes. Genomics 27:196-199, 1995.
37. Hentati A, K Bejaoui, MA Pericak-Vance, F Hentati, MC Speer, W Hung, DA Figlewicz, J Haines, J Rimmler, C Ben Hamida, M Ben Hamida, RH Brown Jr, T Siddique: Linkage of recessive familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to chromosome 2q33-q35. Nature Genet 7:425-428, 1994.
38. Hantaï D, JS Rao, C Kahler, BW Festoff: Decrease in plasminogen activator correlates with synapse elimination during neonatal development of mouse skeletal muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:362-366, 1989.
39. Liu Y, RD Fields, S Fitzgerald, BW Festoff, PG Nelson: Proteolytic activity, synapse elimination, and the Hebb synapse. J Neurobiol 25:325-335, 1994.
40. Smirnova IV, J Ma, BW Festoff: Thrombin and protease nexin I are induced by murine nerve injury. Fourth Biennial Meeting on Blood Coagulation and Platelet Biology "Thrombin Functions and New Prospects in Antithrombotic Therapy," Megève, France, September 1994.
41. Ma J, IV Smirnova, EJ Gregory, BW Festoff: Serine protease: serpin balance in mouse sciatic nerve after injury. Soc Neurosci (Abstr) 20:617-10, 1994.
42. Meier R, P Spreyer, R Ortmann, A Harel, D Monard: Induction of glia-derived nexin after lesion of a peripheral nerve. Nature 342:548-550, 1989.
43. Sommer J, SM Gloor, GF Rovelli, J Hofsteenge, H Nick, R Meier, D Monard: cDNA sequence coding for a rat glia-derived nexin and its homology to members of the serpin superfamily. Biochemistry 26:6407-6410, 1987.
44. McGrogan M, J Kennedy, M Li, C Hsu, R Scott, CW Simonson, J Baker: Molecular cloning and expression of two forms of human protease nexin I. Biotechnology 6:172-177, 1988.
45. Hopp TP, KR Woods: Prediction of protein antigenic determinants from amino acid sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:3824-3828, 1981.
46. Akaaboune M, J Ma, BW Festoff, BD Greenberg, D Hantai: The influence of denervation on beta-amyloid protein precursor and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in mouse skeletal muscle. Neuromusc Disord 3:477-481, 1993.
47. Carrell RW, DR Boswell: Serpins: The super family of serine protease inhibitors. In: Barret A, G Salvesen (eds): Protease Inhibitors. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987, pp 403-418.