A quantitative immunoassay for the lysine-binding function of lipoprotein(a): Application to recombinant Apo(a) and lipoprotein(a) in plasma

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology

Volumn 16, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 656-664

  Hoover Plow, Jane L ^a   Boonmark, Nataya ^a,b   Skocir, Pamela ^a   Lawn, Richard ^a,b   Plow, Edward F ^a  

^a LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

functional immunoassay; lipoprotein(a); lysine binding site; recombinant apo(a)

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN A; LIPOPROTEIN A;

ARTICLE; BINDING SITE; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; IMMUNOASSAY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN LIPID INTERACTION; QUANTITATIVE ASSAY; SITE DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS;

EID: 0030007488     PISSN: 10795642     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.16.5.656     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Fless GM, Rolih CA, Scanu AM. Heterogeneity of human plasma lipoprotein(a): isolation and characterization of the lipoprotein subspecies and their apoproteins. J Biol Chem. 1984;259: 11470-11478.
2. Utermann G. The mysteries of lipoprotein(a). Science. 1989;246: 904-910.
3. Eaton DL, Fless GM, Kohr WJ, McLean JW, Xu Q-T, Miller CG, Lawn RM, Scanu AM. Partial amino acid sequence of apolipoprotein(a) shows that it is homologous to plasminogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987;84:3224-3228.
4. Sottrup-Jensen L, Claeys H, Zajdel M, Petersen TE, Magnusson S. The primary structure of human plasminogen: isolation of two lysine-binding fragments and one 'mini' plasminogen (MW 38,000) by elastase-catalyzed-specific limited proteolysis. In: Davidson JF, Rowan RM, Samama MM, Desnoyers PC, eds. Progress in Chemical Fibrinolysis and Thrombolysis, III. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1978:191-209.
5. McLean JW, Tomlinson JE, Kuang W-J, Eaton DL, Chen EY, Fless GM, Scanu AM, Lawn RM. cDNA sequence of human apolipoprotein(a) is homologous to plasminogen. Nature. 1987;330: 132-137.
6. Skoza L, Tse AO, Semar M, Johnson AJ. Comparative activities of amino acid and polypeptide inhibitors on natural and synthetic substrates. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1968;146:659-672.
7. Winn ES, Hu S-P, Hochschwender SM, Laursen RA. Studies on the lysine-binding sites of human plasminogen: the effect of ligand structure on the binding of lysine analogs to plasminogen. Eur J Biochem. 1980;104:579-586.
8. Lucas MA, Fretto LJ, McKee PA. The binding of human plasminogen to fibrin and fibrinogen. J Biol Chem. 1983;258:4249-4256.
9. Knudsen BS, Silverstein RL, Leung LLK, Harpel PC, Nachman RL. Binding of plasminogen to extracellular matrix. J Biol Chem. 1986;261:10765-10771.
10. Wiman B, Collen D. On the kinetics of the reaction between human antiplasmin and plasmin. Eur J Biochem. 1978;84:573-578.
11. Miles LA, Dahlberg CM, Plow EF. The cell-binding domains of plasminogen and their function in plasma. J Biol Chem. 1988;263: 11928-11934.
12. Miles LA, Dahlberg CM, Plescia J, Felez J, Kato K, Plow EF. Role of cell-surface lysines in plasminogen binding to cells: identification of alpha-enolase as a candidate plasminogen receptor. Biochemistry. 1991;30:1682-1691.
13. Kostner GM. Interaction of Lp(a) and of apo(a) with liver cells. Arterioscler Thromb. 1993;13:1101-1109.
14. Snyder ML, Hay RV, Whitington PF, Scanu AM, Fless GM. Binding and degradation of lipoprotein(a) and LDL by primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14: 770-779.
15. Miles LA, Fless GM, Levin EG, Scanu AM, Plow EF. A potential basis for the thrombotic risks associated with lipoprotein(a). Nature. 1989;339:301-303.
16. Snyder ML, Polacek D, Scanu AM, Fless GM. Comparative binding and degradation of lipoprotein(a) and low density lipoprotein by human monoeyte derived macrophages. J Biol Chem. 1992;267: 339-346.
17. Haberland ME, Fless G, Scanu AM, Fogelman AM. Malondialdehyde modification of lipoprotein(a) produces avid uptake by human monocyte-macrophages. J Biol Chem. 1992;2670:4143-4151.
18. Miles LA, Fless GM, Scanu AM, Baynham P, Sebald MT, Skocir P, Curtiss LK, Levin EG, Hoover-Plow JL, Plow EF. Interaction of Lp(a) with plasminogen binding sites on cells. Thromb Haemost. 1995;73:458-465.
19. Hajjar KA, Gavish D, Breslow JL, Nachman RL. Lipoprotein(a) modulation of endothelial cell surface fibrinolysis and its potential role in atherosclerosis. Nature. 1989;339:303-305.
20. Tabas I, Li Y, Brocia RW, Xu SW, Swenson TL, Williams KJ. Lipoprotein lipase and sphingomyelinase synergistically enhance the association of atherogenic lipoproteins with smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix. J Biol Chem. 1993;268:20419-20432.
21. Miles LA, Sebald MT, Fless GM, Scanu AM, Hoover-Plow JL, Plow EF. Interaction of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] with the extracellular matrix. Blood. 1993;82:1785a. Abstract.
22. Van der Hock YY, Sangrar W, Côté GP, Kastelein JJP, Koschinsky ML. Binding of recombinant apolipoprotein(a) to extracellular matrix proteins. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:1792-1798.
23. Salonen E-M, Jauhiainen M, Zardi L, Vaheri A, Ehnholm C. Lipoprotein(a) binds to fibronectin and has serine proteinase activity capable of cleaving it. EMBO J. 1989;8:4035-4040.
24. Edelberg JM, Gonzalez-Gronow M, Pizzo SV. Lipoprotein a inhibits streptokinase-mediated activation of human plasminogen. Biochemistry. 1989;28:2370-2374.
25. Kluft C, Jie AF, Los P, de Wit E, Havekes L. Functional analogy between lipoprotein(a) and plasminogen in the binding to the kringle 4 binding protein, tetranectin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989; 161:427-433.
26. Loscalzo J, Weinfeld M, Fless GM, Scanu AM. Lipoprotein(a), fibrin binding, and plasminogen activation. Arteriosclerosis. 1990;10:240-245.
27. Wu TP, Padmanabhan K, Tulinsky A, Mulichak AM. The refined structure of the ε-aminocaproic acid complex of human plasminogen kringle 4. Biochemistry. 1991;30:10589-10594.
28. LoGrasso PV, Cornell-Kennon S, Boettcher BR. Cloning, expression, and characterization of human apolipoprotein(a) kringle IV37. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:21820-21827.
29. 37. J Clin Invest. 1993;91:283-291.
30. Scanu AM, Pfaffinger D, Lee JC, Hinman J. A single point mutation (Trp72→Arg) in human apo(a) kringle 4-37 associated with a lysine binding defect in Lp(a). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994; 1227:41-45.
31. Guevara J Jr, Knapp RD, Honda S, Northrup SR, Morrisett JD. A structural assessment of the apo[a] protein of human lipoprotein[a], Proteins: Struct Funct Gen. 1992;12:188-199.
32. Scanu AM, Edelstein C. Kringle-dependent structural and functional polymorphism of apolipoprotein(a). Biochim Biophys Acta, 1995;1256:1-12.
33. Howard GC, Pizzo SV. Biology of disease: lipoprotein(a) and its role in atherothrombotic disease. Lab Invest. 1993;69:373-386.
34. Miles LA, Plow EF. Lp(a): an interloper into the fibrinolytic system? Thromb Haemost. 1990;63:331-335.
35. Armstrong VW, Harrach B, Robenek H, Helmhold M, Walli AK, Seidel D. Heterogeneity of human lipoprotein Lp[a]: cytochemical and biochemical studies on the interaction of two Lp[a] species with the LDL receptor. J Lipid Res. 1990;31:429-441.
36. Karmansky I, Shnaider H, Palant A, Gruener N. Lysine-binding species of lipoprotein(a) in coronary artery disease. Eur J Clin Invest. 1994;24:360-366.
37. Scanu AM. Identification of mutations in human apolipoprotein(a) kringle 4-37 from the study of the DNA of peripheral blood lymphocytes: relevance to the role of lipoprotein(a) in atherothrombosis. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:58B-61B.
38. Kraft HG, Haibach C, Lingenhel A, Brunner C, Trommsdorff M, Kronenberg F, Muller HJ, Utermann G. Sequence polymorphism in kringle IV 37 in linkage disequilibrium with the apolipoprotein(a) size polymorphism. Hum Genet. 1995;95:275-282.
39. Koschinsky ML, Tomlinson JE, Zioncheck TF, Schwartz K, Eaton DL, Lawn RM. Apolipoprotein(a): expression and characterization of a recombinant form of the protein in mammalian cells. Biochemistry. 1991;30:5044-5051.
40. Mulichak AM, Tulinsky A, Ravichandran KG. Crystal and molecular structure of human plasminogen kringle 4 refined at 1.9-Å resolution. Biochemistry. 1991;30:10576-10588.
41. Graham FL, Smiley J, Russell WC, Nairn R. Characteristics of a human cell line transformed by DNA from human adenovirus type 5. J Gen Virol. 1977;36:59-74.
42. Plow EF, Collen D. Immunochemical characterization of a low affinity lysine binding site within plasminogen. J Biol Chem. 1981; 256:10864-10869.
43. Miles LA, Plow EF. Topography of the high-affinity lysine binding site of plasminogen as defined with a specific antibody probe. Biochemistry. 1986;25:6926-6933.
44. Fless GM, Snyder ML, Scanu AM. Enzyme-linked immunoassay for Lp(a). J Lipid Res. 1989;30:651-662.
45. Silberman SR, Armentrout MA, Vella FA, Saha AL. Macra™ Lp(a) for quantitation of human lipoprotein(a) by enzyme linked immunoassay. Clin Chem. 1990;36:961.
46. Taddei-Peters WC, Butman BT, Jones GR, Venetta TM, Macomber PF, Ransom H. Quantification of lipoprotein(a) particles containing various apolipoprotein(a) isoforms by a monoclonal anti-apo(a) capture antibody and a polyclonal anti-apolipoprotein B detection antibody sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Clin Chem. 1993;39: 1382-1389.
47. Hoover-Plow JL, Miles LA, Fless GM, Scanu AM, Plow EF. Comparison of the lysine binding functions of lipoprotein(a) and plasminogen. Biochemistry. 1993;32:13681-13687.
48. McCance SG, Menhart N, Castellino FJ. Amino acid residues of the kringle-4 and kringle-5 domains of human plasminogen that stabilize their interactions with omega-amino acid ligands. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:32405-32410.
49. Phillips ML, Lembertas AV, Schumaker VN, Lawn RM, Shire SJ, Zioncheck TF. Physical properties of recombinant apolipoprotein(a) and its association with LDL to form an Lp(a)-like complex. Biochemistry. 1993;32:3722-3728.
50. Huby T, Doucet C, Dieplinger H, Chapman J, Thiliet J. Structural domains of apolipoprotein(a) and its interaction with apolipoprotein B-100 in the lipoprotein(a) particle. Biochemistry. 1994; 33:3335-3341.
51. Fless GM, Snyder ML, Furbee JW Jr, Garcia-Hedo M-T, Mora R. Subunit composition of lipoprotein(a) protein. Biochemistry. 1994; 33:13492-13501.
52. Koschinsky ML, Côté GP, Gabel B, Van der Hoek YY. Identification of the cysteine residue in apolipoprotein(a) that mediates extracellular coupling with apolipoprotein B-100. J Biol Chem. 1993;268:19819-19825.
53. Ernst A, Helmhold M, Brunner C, Petho-Schramm A, Armstrong VW, Müller HJ. Identification of two functionally distinct lysine-binding sites in kringle 37 and in kringles 32-36 of human apolipoprotein(a). J Biol Chem. 1995;270:6227-6234.
54. Leerink CB, Duif PF, Gimpel JA, Kortlandt W, Bouma BN, van Rijn HJM. Lysine-binding heterogeneity of Lp(a): consequences for fibrin binding and inhibition of plasminogen activation. Thromb Haemost. 1992;68:185-188.
55. Sattler W, Kostner GM, Waeg G, Esterbauer H. Oxidation of lipoprotein Lp(a): a comparison with low-density lipoproteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991;1081:65-74.
56. Harpel PC, Chang VT, Borth W. Homocysteine and other sulfhydryl compounds enhance the binding of lipoprotein(a) to fibrin: a potential biochemical link between thrombosis, atherogenesis, and sulfhydryl compound metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;89:10193-10197.
57. Dousset N, Dousset JC, Taus M, Ferretti G, Curatola G, Solera ML, Valdiguie P. Effect of desialylation on low density lipoproteins: comparative study before and after oxidative stress. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1994;32:555-563.
58. Natarajan MK, Fong BS, Angel A. Enhanced binding of phospholipase-An-modified low density lipoprotein by human adipocytes. Biochem Cell Biol. 1990;68:1243-1249.
59. Cohen JC, Chiesa G, Hobbs HH. Sequence polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein(a) gene: evidence for dissociation between apolipoprotein(a) size and plasma lipoprotein(a) levels. J Clin Invest. 1993;91:1630-1636.
60. Schreiner PJ, Morrisett JD, Sharrett AR, Patsch W, Tyroler HA, Wu K, Heiss G. Lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor for preclinical atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol. 1995;13:826-833.
61. Desmarais RL, Sarembock IJ, Ayers CR, Vernon SM, Powers ER, Gimple LW. Elevated serum lipoprotein(a) is a risk factor for clinical recurrence after coronary balloon angioplasty. Circulation. 1995;91:1403-1409.
62. Terres W, Tatsis E, Pfalzer B, Beil FU, Beisiegel U, Hamm CW. Rapid angiographic progression of coronary artery disease in patients with elevated lipoprotein(a). Circulation. 1995;91:948-950.
63. Bostom AG, Gagnon DR, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Jenner JL, Ordovas JM, Schaefer EJ, Castelli WP. A prospective investigation of elevated lipoprotein(a) detected by electrophoresis and cardiovascular disease in women: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1994;90:1688-1695.
64. Lackner C, Cohen JC, Hobbs HH. Molecular definition of the extreme size polymorphism in apolipoprotein(a). Hum Mol Genet. 1993;2:933-940.
65. Geroldi D, Bellotti V, Buscaglia P, Bonetti G, Gazzaruso C, Caprioli A, Fratino P. Characterization of apo(a) polymorphism by a modified immunoblotting technique in an Italian population sample. Clin Chim Acta. 1993;221:159-169.
66. Marcovina SM, Albers JJ, Gabel B, Koschinsky ML, Gaur VP. Effect of the number of apolipoprotein(a) kringle 4 domains on immunochemical measurements of lipoprotein(a). Clin Chem. 1995;41:246-255.
67. Trieu VN, McConathy WJ. The binding of animal low-density lipoproteins to human apolipoprotein(a). Biochem J. 1995;309: 899-904.
68. Frank S, Krasznai K, Durovic S, Lobentanz EM, Dieplinger H, Wagner E, Zatloukal K, Gotten M, Utermann G, Kostner GM, Zechner R. High-level expression of various apolipoprotein(a) isoforms by 'transferrinfection': the role of kringle IV sequences in the extracellular association with low-density lipoprotein. Biochemistry. 1994;33:12329-12339.
69. Edelstein C, Mandala M, Pfaffinger D, Scanu AM. Determinants of lipoprotein(a) assembly: a study of wild-type and mutant apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes isolated from human and rhesus monkey lipoprotein(a) under mild reductive conditions. Biochemistry. 1995; 34:16483-16492.
70. Lawn RM, Wade DP, Hammer RE, Chiesa G, Verstuyft JG, Rubin EM. Atherogenesis in transgenic mice expressing human apolipoprotein(a). Nature. 1992;360:670-672.