Investigation of murine cytomegalovirus latency and reactivation in mice using viral mutants and the polymerase chain reaction

Journal of Medical Virology

Volumn 48, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 308-320

  Bevan, I S ^a   Sammons, C C ^a   Sweet, C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Reactivation; Temperature sensitive mutants; Transcription

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; LATENT VIRUS INFECTION; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA TRANSCRIPTION; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE MUTANT; VIRUS MUTANT; VIRUS REACTIVATION;

3T3 CELLS; ANIMALS; ANTIGENS, VIRAL; BASE SEQUENCE; DNA PRIMERS; DNA, VIRAL; GENE EXPRESSION; IMMEDIATE-EARLY PROTEINS; MICE; MICE, INBRED BALB C; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MUROMEGALOVIRUS; MUTATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, VIRAL; TRANS-ACTIVATORS; VIRAL ENVELOPE PROTEINS; VIRAL MATRIX PROTEINS; VIRUS ACTIVATION; VIRUS LATENCY;

EID: 0030007268     PISSN: 01466615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199604)48:4<308::AID-JMV3>3.0.CO;2-B     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Akel HMO, Sweet C (1993): Isolation and preliminary characterisation of twenty-five temperature-sensitive mutants of mouse cytomegalovirus. FEMS Microbiology Letters 113:253-260.
2. Alford AM, Britt WJ (1993): Cytomegalovirus. In Roizman B, Whitely RJ, Lopez C (eds): "The Human Herpesviruses." New York: Raven Press, pp 227-255.
3. Balthesen M, Messerle M, Reddehase MJ (1993): Lungs are a major organ site of cytomegalovirus latency and recurrence. Journal of Virology 67:5360-5366.
4. Bitsch A, Kirchner H, Dupke R, Bein G (1993): Cytomegalovirus transcripts in peripheral blood leukocytes of actively infected transplant patients detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Infectious Diseases 167:740-743.
5. Brautigan AR, Dutko FJ, Olding LB, Oldstone MBA (1979): Pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus infection. The macrophage as a permissive cell for cytomegalovirus infection, replication and latency. Journal of General Virology 44:349-359.
6. Buhler B, Keil GM, Weiland F, Koszinowski UH (1990): Characterization of the murine cytomegalovirus early transcription unit el that is induced by immediate-early proteins. Journal of Virology 64: 1907-1919.
7. Cheung KS, Lang DJ (1977a): Transmission and activation of cytomegalovirus with blood transfusion: a mouse model. Journal of Infectious Diseases 135:841-845.
8. Cheung KS, Lang DJ (1977b): Detection of latent cytomegalovirus in murine salivary and prostate explant cultures and cells. Infection and Immunity 15:568-575.
9. Collins T, Pomeroy C, Jordan MC (1993): Detection of latent cytomegalovirus DNA in diverse organs of mice. Journal of Infectious Diseases 168:725-729.
10. Dallas PB, Lyons PA, Hudson JB, Scalzo AA, Shellam GR (1994): Identification and characterization of a murine cytomegalovirus gene with homology to the UL25 open reading frame of human cytomegalovirus. Virology 200:643-650.
11. Elhott R, Clark C, Jaquish V, Spector DH (1991): Transcription analysis and sequence of the putative murine cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase gene Virology 185:169-186.
12. Furukawa T, Jisaki F, Sakamuro D, Takegami T, Murayama T (1994): Detection of human cytomegalovirus genome in uterus tissue. Archives of Virology 135:265-277.
13. Furrarah AM, Sweet C (1994): Studies of the pathogenesis of wild-type virus and six temperature-sensitive mutants of mouse cytomegalovirus. Journal of Medical Virology 43:317-330.
14. Gnann JW, Ahlmen J, Svalander C, Olding L, Oldstone MBA, Nelson JA (1988): Inflammatory cells in transplanted kidneys are infected by human cytomegalovirus. American Journal of Pathology 132: 239-248.
15. Griffiths PD, Grundy JE (1988): The status of CMV as a human pathogen. Epidemiology and Infection 100:1-15.
16. Hamilton JD, Seaworth BJ (1985): Transmission of latent cytomegalovirus in a murine kidney tissue transplantation model. Transplantation 39:290-296.
17. Hendrix MGR, Daeman M, Bruggerman CA (1991): Cytomegalovirus nucleic acid distribution within the human vascular tree. American Journal of Pathology 13:563-567.
18. Henry SC, Hamilton JD (1993): Detection of murine cytomegalovirus immediate early 1 transcripts in the spleens of latently infected mice. Journal of Infectious Diseases 167:959-954.
19. Ho M (1991): "Cytomegalovirus. Biology and Infection," 2nd ed. New York: Plenum, pp 327-353.
20. Jordan MC, Shanley JD, Stevens JG (1977): Immunosuppression reactivated and disseminates latent murine cytomegalovirus. Journal of General Virology 27:419-423.
21. Keil GM, Ebeling KA, Koszinowski UH (1987): Immediate-early genes of murine cytomegalovirus: location, transcripts, and translation products. Journal of Virology 61:526-533.
22. Kemp LM, Latchman DS (1989): Regulated transcription of herpes simplex virus immediate-early genes in neuroblastoma cells. Virology 171:607-610.
23. Klotman ME, Henry SC, Greene EC, Brazy PC, Klotman PE, Hamilton JD (1990): Detection of mouse cytomegalovirus nucleic acid in latently infected mice by in vitro enzymatic amplification. Journal of Infectious Diseases 161:220-225.
24. Kramer MF, Coen DM (1995): Quantification of transcripts from the ICP4 and thymidine kinase genes in mouse ganglia latently infected with herpes simplex virus. Journal of Virology 69:1389-1399.
25. Loh LC, Britt WJ, Raggo C, Laferte S (1994): Sequence analysis and expression of the murine cytomegalovirus phosphoprotein pp50, a homolog of the human cytomegalovirus UL44 gene product. Virology 200:413-427.
26. Lyons PA, Dallas PB, Carrello C, Shellam GR, Scalzo AA (1994). Mapping and transcriptional analysis of the murine cytomegalovirus homologue of the human cytomegalovirus UL103 open reading frame. Virology 204:835-839.
27. Melnick JL, Hu C, Burek J, Adam E, Debaskey ME (1994): Cytomegalovirus DNA in arterial walls of patients with atherosclerosis. Journal of Medical Virology 42:170-174.
28. Mercer JA, Wiley CA, Specter DH (1988): Pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus infection: identification of infected cells in the spleen during acute and latent infections. Journal of Virology 62:987-997.
29. Messerle M, Keil GM, Koszinowski UH (1991): Structure and expression of murine cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene 2. Journal of Virology 65 1638-1643.
30. Messerie M, Buhler B, Keil GM, Koszinowski UH (1992a): Structural organization, expression, and functional characterization of the murine cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene 3. Journal of Virology 66:27-36.
31. Messerle M, Keil GM, Schneider K, Koszinowski UH (1992b): Characterization of the murine cytomegalovirus genes encoding the major DNA binding protein and the ICP 18.5 homolog. Virology 191: 350-367.
32. Minagawa H, Tanaka S, Toh Y, Mori R (1994): Detection of herpes simplex type 1-encoded RNA by polymerase chain reaction. Different pattern of viral RNA detection in latently infected murine trigeminal ganglia following in vitro and in vivo reactivation. Journal of General Virology 75:647-650.
33. Mocarski ES (1993): Cytomegalovirus biology and replication. In Roizman B, Whitely RJ, Lopez C (eds): "The human herpesvirus." New York: Raven Press, pp 173-226.
34. Pollock JL, Virgin HW (1995): Latency, without persistence, of murine cytomegalovirus in the spleen and kidney. Journal of Virology 69:1762-1768.
35. Pomeroy C, Hilleren PJ, Jordan MC (1991): Latent murine cytomegalovirus DNA in splenic stromal cells of mice. Journal of Virology 65:3330-3334.
36. Rapp M, Messerle M, Buhler B, Tannheimer M, Keil GM, Koszinowski UH (1992): Identification of the murine cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B gene and its expression by recombinant vaccinia virus. Journal of Virology 66:4399-4406.
37. Rapp M, Lucin P, Messerle M, Loh LC, Koszinowski UH (1994): Expression of the murine cytomegalovirus glycoprotein H by recombinant vaccinia virus. Journal of General Virology 75:183-188.
38. Rubin RH, Wilson EJ, Barrett LV, Medearis DN (1984): Primary cytomegalovirus infection following cardiac transplantation in a murine model. Transplantation 37:306-310.
39. Sammons CC, Sweet C (1989): Isolation and preliminary characterisation of temperature-sensitive mutants of mouse cytomegalovirus of differing virulence for 1-week-old mice. Journal of General Virology 70:2373-2381.
40. Saltzman RL, Quirk MR, Jordan MC (1988): Disseminated cytomegalovirus infection. Molecular analysis of virus and leukocyte interactions in viremia. Journal of Clinical Investigation 81:75-81.
41. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989): "Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual," 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
42. Schrier RD, Nelson JA, Oldstone MBA (1985): Detection of human cytomegalovirus in peripheral blood lymphocytes in a natural infection. Science 230:1048-1051.
43. Shanley JD, Jordan MC, Cook ML, Stevens JG (1979): Pathogenesis of reactivated latent murine cytomegalovirus infection. American Journal of Pathology 95:67-80.
44. Stanier P, Taylor DL, Kitchen AD, Wales N, Tryhorn Y, Tyms AS (1989): Persistence of cytomegalovirus in monouclear cells in peripheral blood from blood donors. British Medical Journal 29: 897-898.
45. Stinski MF, Macias MP, Malone CL, Thrower AR, Huang L (1993): Regulation of transcription from the cytomegalovirus major immediate early promoter by cellular and viral proteins. In Michelson S, Plotkin SA. (eds): "Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Cytomegalovirus Disease." Amsterdam. Excerpta Medica, pp 3-12.
46. Stoddard CA, Cardin RD, Boname JM, Manning WC, Abenes GB, Mocarski ES (1994): Peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes mediate dissemination of murine cytomegalovirus. Journal of Virology 68:6243-6253.
47. Taylor-Wiedeman JA, Sissons JGP, Borysiewicz LK, Sinclair JHG (1991): Monocytes are a major site of persistence of human cytomegalovirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Journal of General Virology 72:2059-2064.
48. Waldman WJ, Knight DA, Huang EH, Sedmak DD (1995): Bidirectional transmission of infectious cytomegalovinas between monocytes and vascular endothelial cells: an in vitro model. Journal of Infectious Disease 171.263-272.
49. Weiland F, Keil GM, Reddehase MJ, Koszinowski UH (1986): Studies on the morphogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus. Intervirology 26:192-201.
50. Xu J, Scalzo AA, Lyons PA, Farrell HE, Rawlinson WD, Shellam GR (1994): Identification, sequencing and expression of the glycoprotein L gene of murine cytomegalovirus. Journal of General Virology 75:3235-3240.
51. Yuhasz SA, Dissette VB, Cook ML, Stevens JG ( 1994): Murine cytomegalovirus is present in both chronic active and latent states in persistently infected mice. Virology 202:272-280.