메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 77, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 617-623

The agitated brain injured patient. Part 1: Definitions, differential diagnosis, and assessment

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGGRESSION; AGITATION; AKATHISIA; AMNESIA; BRAIN INJURY; COGNITION; DELIRIUM; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; NOMENCLATURE; REVIEW;

EID: 0029998288     PISSN: 00039993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-9993(96)90306-8     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (116)

References (64)
  • 2
    • 0015898648 scopus 로고
    • The psychiatric sequelae of head injury: A review
    • Lishman WA. The psychiatric sequelae of head injury: a review. Psychol Med 1973;3:304-18.
    • (1973) Psychol Med , vol.3 , pp. 304-318
    • Lishman, W.A.1
  • 4
    • 0018150197 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral sequelae of closed head injury: A quantitative study
    • Levin HS, Grossman RG. Behavioral sequelae of closed head injury: a quantitative study. Arch Neurol 1978;35:720-7.
    • (1978) Arch Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 720-727
    • Levin, H.S.1    Grossman, R.G.2
  • 5
    • 0019352610 scopus 로고
    • Traumatic head injury: Restlessness and agitation as prognosticators of physical and psychologic improvement in patients
    • Reyes RL, Bhattacharyya AK, Heller D. Traumatic head injury: restlessness and agitation as prognosticators of physical and psychologic improvement in patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1981;62:20-3.
    • (1981) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.62 , pp. 20-23
    • Reyes, R.L.1    Bhattacharyya, A.K.2    Heller, D.3
  • 6
    • 0026691686 scopus 로고
    • Agitation and restlessness after closed head injury: A prospective study of 100 consecutive admissions
    • Brooke MM, Questad KA, Patterson DR, Bashak KJ. Agitation and restlessness after closed head injury: a prospective study of 100 consecutive admissions. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992;73:320-3.
    • (1992) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.73 , pp. 320-323
    • Brooke, M.M.1    Questad, K.A.2    Patterson, D.R.3    Bashak, K.J.4
  • 8
    • 15844422574 scopus 로고
    • Definition and pharmacological intervention for agitation following traumatic brain injury
    • Fugate LP, Spacek LA, Levy CE, Kresty LA. Definition and pharmacological intervention for agitation following traumatic brain injury [abstract]. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994;75:1037.
    • (1994) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.75 , pp. 1037
    • Fugate, L.P.1    Spacek, L.A.2    Levy, C.E.3    Kresty, L.A.4
  • 9
    • 0000284515 scopus 로고
    • Disability arising from closed head injury
    • Denny-Brown D. Disability arising from closed head injury. JAMA 1945;127:429-36.
    • (1945) JAMA , vol.127 , pp. 429-436
    • Denny-Brown, D.1
  • 11
    • 0021926006 scopus 로고
    • Agitation in closed head injury: Haloperidol effects on rehabilitation outcome
    • Rao N, Jellinek HM, Woolston DC. Agitation in closed head injury: haloperidol effects on rehabilitation outcome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985;66:30-4.
    • (1985) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.66 , pp. 30-34
    • Rao, N.1    Jellinek, H.M.2    Woolston, D.C.3
  • 13
    • 0024515441 scopus 로고
    • Development of a scale for assessment of agitation following traumatic brain injury
    • Corrigan JD. Development of a scale for assessment of agitation following traumatic brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1989; 11:261-77.
    • (1989) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.11 , pp. 261-277
    • Corrigan, J.D.1
  • 14
    • 0023718615 scopus 로고
    • Agitation following traumatic head injury: Equivocal evidence for a discreet stage of cognitive recovery
    • Corrigan JD, Mysiw WJ. Agitation following traumatic head injury: equivocal evidence for a discreet stage of cognitive recovery. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1988;69:487-92.
    • (1988) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.69 , pp. 487-492
    • Corrigan, J.D.1    Mysiw, W.J.2
  • 17
    • 0016346291 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral concussion and traumatic unconsciousness: Correlation of experimental and clinical observations on blunt head injuries
    • Ommaya AK, Genarelli TA: Cerebral concussion and traumatic unconsciousness: correlation of experimental and clinical observations on blunt head injuries. Brain 1974;97:633-54.
    • (1974) Brain , vol.97 , pp. 633-654
    • Ommaya, A.K.1    Genarelli, T.A.2
  • 18
    • 0003108615 scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric and psychosocial disturbances in head injury
    • Levin HS, Grafman J, Eisenberg HM. New York: Oxford University Press
    • Grant I, Alves W. Psychiatric and psychosocial disturbances in head injury. In: Levin HS, Grafman J, Eisenberg HM. Neurobehavioral recovery from head injury. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987:232-61.
    • (1987) Neurobehavioral Recovery from Head Injury , pp. 232-261
    • Grant, I.1    Alves, W.2
  • 19
    • 0039643528 scopus 로고
    • An interdisciplinary perspective on the agitated brain injured patient
    • Sandel ME, Zwil AS, Fugate L. An interdisciplinary perspective on the agitated brain injured patient. Neurorehabilitation 1995; 5:299-308.
    • (1995) Neurorehabilitation , vol.5 , pp. 299-308
    • Sandel, M.E.1    Zwil, A.S.2    Fugate, L.3
  • 25
    • 0000034373 scopus 로고
    • Le traitement de la maladie de Parkinson et des manifestations extrapyramidales par le diethylaminoethyl n-thiodiphenylamine: Resultats d'une annee d'application
    • Paris
    • Sigwald J, Grossiord A, Duriel P, Dumont G. Le traitement de la maladie de Parkinson et des manifestations extrapyramidales par le diethylaminoethyl n-thiodiphenylamine: resultats d'une annee d'application. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1947;79:683-7.
    • (1947) Rev Neurol , vol.79 , pp. 683-687
    • Sigwald, J.1    Grossiord, A.2    Duriel, P.3    Dumont, G.4
  • 26
    • 0019252555 scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of extrapyramidal side effects of neruoleptic drugs
    • Marsden CD, Jenner P. The pathophysiology of extrapyramidal side effects of neruoleptic drugs. Psychol Med 1980;10:55-72.
    • (1980) Psychol Med , vol.10 , pp. 55-72
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Jenner, P.2
  • 27
    • 84882368341 scopus 로고
    • Restless legs syndrome
    • Ekbom KA. Restless legs syndrome. Neurology 1960;10:868-73.
    • (1960) Neurology , vol.10 , pp. 868-873
    • Ekbom, K.A.1
  • 28
    • 0024397904 scopus 로고
    • Akathisia following traumatic brain injury: Treatment with bromocriptine
    • Stewart JT. Akathisia following traumatic brain injury: treatment with bromocriptine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989;52: 1200-1.
    • (1989) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 1200-1201
    • Stewart, J.T.1
  • 29
    • 0018145904 scopus 로고
    • Violence as a manifestation of akathisia
    • Keckich WA. Violence as a manifestation of akathisia. JAMA 1978;240:2185.
    • (1978) JAMA , vol.240 , pp. 2185
    • Keckich, W.A.1
  • 30
    • 0001698640 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral involvement in head injury
    • Russell WR. Cerebral involvement in head injury. Brain 1932; 55:549-605.
    • (1932) Brain , vol.55 , pp. 549-605
    • Russell, W.R.1
  • 32
    • 0024986445 scopus 로고
    • Prospective assessment of post-traumatic amnesia: A comparison of the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test and the Orientation Group Monitoring System
    • Mysiw WJ, Corrigan J, Carpenter D, Chock SKL. Prospective assessment of post-traumatic amnesia: a comparison of the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test and the Orientation Group Monitoring System. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990;5:65-72.
    • (1990) J Head Trauma Rehabil , vol.5 , pp. 65-72
    • Mysiw, W.J.1    Corrigan, J.2    Carpenter, D.3    Chock, S.K.L.4
  • 33
    • 0022506058 scopus 로고
    • Organic psychoses, delusional disorders and secondary mania
    • Cummings JL. Organic psychoses, delusional disorders and secondary mania. Psychiatric Clin North Am 1986;9:293-311.
    • (1986) Psychiatric Clin North Am , vol.9 , pp. 293-311
    • Cummings, J.L.1
  • 36
    • 0023869391 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of mania after brain injury: 12 case reports and review of the literature
    • Starkstein SE, Boston JD, Robinson RG. Mechanisms of mania after brain injury: 12 case reports and review of the literature. J Nerv Ment Dis 1988;176:87-100.
    • (1988) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.176 , pp. 87-100
    • Starkstein, S.E.1    Boston, J.D.2    Robinson, R.G.3
  • 38
    • 0027081742 scopus 로고
    • The expression of bipolar affective disorders in brain injured patients
    • Zwil AS, McAllister TW, Raimo E. The expression of bipolar affective disorders in brain injured patients. Int J Psychiatry Med 1992;22:377-95.
    • (1992) Int J Psychiatry Med , vol.22 , pp. 377-395
    • Zwil, A.S.1    McAllister, T.W.2    Raimo, E.3
  • 39
    • 0021993031 scopus 로고
    • Organic delusions: Phenomenology, anatomical correlations, and review
    • Cummings JL. Organic delusions: phenomenology, anatomical correlations, and review. Br J Psychiatry 1985;146:184-97.
    • (1985) Br J Psychiatry , vol.146 , pp. 184-197
    • Cummings, J.L.1
  • 40
    • 0026572679 scopus 로고
    • Psychosis in neurologic disease: Neurobiology and pathogenesis
    • Cummings JL. Psychosis in neurologic disease: neurobiology and pathogenesis. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 1992; 5:144-50.
    • (1992) Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 144-150
    • Cummings, J.L.1
  • 41
    • 0025836441 scopus 로고
    • The delayed neurobehavioural sequelae of traumatic brain injury
    • Gualtieri T, Cox DR. The delayed neurobehavioural sequelae of traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 1991;5:219-32.
    • (1991) Brain Injury , vol.5 , pp. 219-232
    • Gualtieri, T.1    Cox, D.R.2
  • 42
    • 0002152234 scopus 로고
    • Subcortical mechanisms and human thought
    • Cummings JL, editor. New York: Oxford University Press
    • Cummings JL, Benson DR. Subcortical mechanisms and human thought. In: Cummings JL, editor. Subcortical Dementia. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990;251-9.
    • (1990) Subcortical Dementia , pp. 251-259
    • Cummings, J.L.1    Benson, D.R.2
  • 43
    • 0038227434 scopus 로고
    • Differential diagnosis of agitation following brain injury
    • Mysiw WJ, Jackson RD. Differential diagnosis of agitation following brain injury. Neurorehabilitation 1995;5:197-204.
    • (1995) Neurorehabilitation , vol.5 , pp. 197-204
    • Mysiw, W.J.1    Jackson, R.D.2
  • 44
    • 0003384069 scopus 로고
    • Delirium (acute confusional state)
    • Fredricks J Am, editor. New York: Elsevier
    • Lipowski ZJ. Delirium (acute confusional state). In: Fredricks J Am, editor. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol 2. New York: Elsevier, 1985:523-59.
    • (1985) Handbook of Clinical Neurology , vol.2 , pp. 523-559
    • Lipowski, Z.J.1
  • 45
  • 46
    • 85008389736 scopus 로고
    • Overview of functional assessment scales in brain injury rehabilitation
    • Hall KM. Overview of functional assessment scales in brain injury rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation 1992;2:98-113.
    • (1992) Neurorehabilitation , vol.2 , pp. 98-113
    • Hall, K.M.1
  • 47
    • 0026678501 scopus 로고
    • Measurement standards for interdisciplinary medical rehabilitation
    • Johnston MV, Keith RA, Hinderer SR. Measurement standards for interdisciplinary medical rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992;73(12-S):S3-S23.
    • (1992) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.73 , Issue.12 S
    • Johnston, M.V.1    Keith, R.A.2    Hinderer, S.R.3
  • 48
    • 0016391336 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness
    • Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. Lancet 1974;2:81-4.
    • (1974) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 81-84
    • Teasdale, G.1    Jennett, B.2
  • 50
    • 0024502636 scopus 로고
    • The Western Neurosensory Stimulation Profile: A tool for assessing slow-to-recover patients
    • Ansell BJ, Keenan JE: The Western Neurosensory Stimulation Profile: a tool for assessing slow-to-recover patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1989;70:104-8.
    • (1989) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.70 , pp. 104-108
    • Ansell, B.J.1    Keenan, J.E.2
  • 53
  • 54
    • 0024372911 scopus 로고
    • Sensory stimulation of severely brain injured patients
    • Rader MA, Alston JB, Ellis DW: Sensory stimulation of severely brain injured patients. Brain Injury 1989;3:141-7.
    • (1989) Brain Injury , vol.3 , pp. 141-147
    • Rader, M.A.1    Alston, J.B.2    Ellis, D.W.3
  • 55
    • 0018570007 scopus 로고
    • The Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test: A practical scale to assess cognition after head injury
    • Levin HS, O'Donnell VM, Grossman RG. The Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test: a practical scale to assess cognition after head injury. J Nerv Ment Dis 1979;167:675-841.
    • (1979) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.167 , pp. 675-841
    • Levin, H.S.1    O'Donnell, V.M.2    Grossman, R.G.3
  • 56
    • 0023920346 scopus 로고
    • Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test: Its utility in the determination of closed head injury in acute spinal cord injury patients
    • Davidoff G, Doljanac R, Berent S, Johnson MD, Thomas P, Dijkers M, et al. Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test: its utility in the determination of closed head injury in acute spinal cord injury patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1988;69:432-4.
    • (1988) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.69 , pp. 432-434
    • Davidoff, G.1    Doljanac, R.2    Berent, S.3    Johnson, M.D.4    Thomas, P.5    Dijkers, M.6
  • 57
    • 2642633044 scopus 로고
    • Observations on amnesia after non-missile head injury
    • LR Squire, Butters N, editors. New York: The Guilford Press
    • Levin HS, Papanicolaou A, Eisenberg HM. Observations on amnesia after non-missile head injury. In: LR Squire, Butters N, editors. Neuropsychology of Memory. New York: The Guilford Press, 1984:247-57.
    • (1984) Neuropsychology of Memory , pp. 247-257
    • Levin, H.S.1    Papanicolaou, A.2    Eisenberg, H.M.3
  • 58
    • 0022006179 scopus 로고
    • Reality orientation for brain injured patients: Group treatment and monitoring of recovery
    • Corrigan JD, Arnett JA, Jouck LJ, Jackson RD. Reality orientation for brain injured patients: group treatment and monitoring of recovery. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985;66:626-30.
    • (1985) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.66 , pp. 626-630
    • Corrigan, J.D.1    Arnett, J.A.2    Jouck, L.J.3    Jackson, R.D.4
  • 59
    • 0026501262 scopus 로고
    • Agitation, cognition and attention during post-traumatic amnesia
    • Corrigan JD, Mysiw WJ, Gribble MW, Chock SK. Agitation, cognition and attention during post-traumatic amnesia. Brain Injury 1992;6:155-60.
    • (1992) Brain Injury , vol.6 , pp. 155-160
    • Corrigan, J.D.1    Mysiw, W.J.2    Gribble, M.W.3    Chock, S.K.4
  • 60
    • 0024561506 scopus 로고
    • The Orientation Group Monitoring System as an indicator of reversible impairments in cognition during post-traumatic amnesia
    • Jackson RJ, Mysiw WJ, Corrigan JD. The Orientation Group Monitoring System as an indicator of reversible impairments in cognition during post-traumatic amnesia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1989; 70:33-6.
    • (1989) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.70 , pp. 33-36
    • Jackson, R.J.1    Mysiw, W.J.2    Corrigan, J.D.3
  • 61
    • 0022462489 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary validation of a clinical scale for measuring duration of post-traumatic amnesia
    • Shores EA, Marosszeky JE, Sandanam J, Batchelor J. Preliminary validation of a clinical scale for measuring duration of post-traumatic amnesia. Med J Aust 1986;144:569-72.
    • (1986) Med J Aust , vol.144 , pp. 569-572
    • Shores, E.A.1    Marosszeky, J.E.2    Sandanam, J.3    Batchelor, J.4
  • 63
    • 0025124085 scopus 로고
    • The Neurobehavioral Rating Scale: Replication in an acute, inpatient rehabilitation setting
    • Corrigan JD, Dickerson J, Fisher E, Meyer P. The Neurobehavioral Rating Scale: replication in an acute, inpatient rehabilitation setting. Brain Injury 1990;4:215-22.
    • (1990) Brain Injury , vol.4 , pp. 215-222
    • Corrigan, J.D.1    Dickerson, J.2    Fisher, E.3    Meyer, P.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.