Genetics and molecular biology of hepatic lipase

Current Opinion in Lipidology

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 77-81

  Bensadoun, André ^a   Berryman, Darlene E ^a  

^a Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN A1; CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; LIVER TRIACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE; MESSENGER RNA; PHOSPHOLIPID; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ALLELE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; ENZYME BINDING; ENZYME GLYCOSYLATION; GENE ACTIVATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; HYDROLYSIS; HYPOLIPOPROTEINEMIA; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT SURVEY;

EID: 0029997984     PISSN: 09579672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00041433-199604000-00005     Document Type: Short Survey

References (44)

1. Bamberger M, Lund-Katz S, Phillips MC, Rothblat GH: Mechanism of the hepatic lipase induced accumulation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by cells in culture. Biochemistry 1985, 24:3693-3701.
2. Applebaum-Bowden D: Lipases and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase in the control of lipoprotein metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 1995, 6: 130-135. An excellent review regarding the role of HL, lipoprotein lipase and cholesterol acyltransferase in lipoprotein metabolism. Specifically discusses the role of hepatic lipase in chylomicron remnant and HDL metabolism.
3. Rea TJ, DeMattos RB, Pape ME: Hepatic expression of genes regulating lipid metabolism in rabbits. J Lipid Res 1993, 34:1901-1910.
4. Doolittle MH, Wong H, Davis RC, Schotz MC: Synthesis of hepatic lipase in liver and extrahepatic tissues. J Lipid Res 1987, 28:1326-1334.
5. Hixenbaugh EA, Sullivan TR Jr, Strauss JF III, Laposata EA, Komaromy M, Paavola LG: Hepatic lipase in the rat ovary: ovaries cannot synthesize hepatic lipase but accumulate it from the circulation. J Biol Chem 1989, 264:4222-4230.
6. Komaromy MC, Schotz MC: Cloning of rat hepatic lipase cDNA: evidence for a lipase gene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987, 84:1526-1530.
7. Semenkovich CF, Chen S-H, Wims M, Luo C-C, Li W-H, Chan L: Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase mRNA tissue specific expression, developmental regulation, and evolution. J Lipid Res 1989, 30:423-431.
8. Verhoeven AJM, Jansen H: Hepatic lipase mRNA is expressed in rat and human steroidogenic organs. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994, 1211: 121-124. This is the first paper to provide evidence for an HL mRNA species in testes, ovaries and adrenals.
9. •]. The mRNA species in steroidogenic cells has a unique 5′ end and may represent an intracellular isoform of HL that differs from the live HL species previously identified in steriodogenic cells.
10. Stahnke G, Davis RC, Doolittle MH, Wong H, Schotz MC, Will H: Effect of N-linked glycosylation on hepatic lipase activity. J Lipid Res 1991, 32:477-484.
11. Wölle J, Jansen H, Smith LC, Chan L: Functional role of N-linked glycosylation in human hepatic lipase: asparagine-56 is important for both enzyme activity and secretion. J Lipid Res 1993, 34:2169-2176.
12. Semenkovich CF, Luo C-C, Nakanishi MK, Chen S-H, Smith LC, Chan L: In vitro expression and site-specific mutagenesis of the cloned human lipoprotein lipase gene: potential N-linked glycosylation site asparagine 43 is important for both enzyme activity and secretion. J Biol Chem 1990, 265:5429-5433.
13. Ben-Zeev O, Stahnke G, Liu G, Davis RC, Doolittle MH: Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase: the role of asparagine-linked glycosylation in the expression of a functional enzyume. J Lipid Res 1994, 35: 1511-1523. This paper compares the role of glycosylation in the secretion and catalytic function of LPL and HL. They demonstrate that LPL absolutely requires glycosylation whereas a small fraction of HL molecules are functional without glycosylation. Overall, this paper confirms the important role of glycosylation for both HL and LPL in activity and secretion.
14. Derewenda ZS, Cambillau C: Effects of gene mutations in lipoprotein and hepatic lipases as interpreted by a molecular model of the pancreatic triglyceride lipase. J Biol Chem 1991, 266:23112-23119.
15. Liu G, Bengtsson-Olivecrona G, Olivecrona T: Assembly of lipoprotein lipase in perfused guinea-pig hearts. Biochem J 1993, 292:277-282.
16. Cisar LA, Melford KH, Sensel M, Bensadoun A: Heparin decreases the degradation rate of hepatic lipase in Fu5AH rat hepatoma cells. A model for hepatic lipase efflux from hepatocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1989, 1004:196-204.
17. Kounnas MZ, Chappell DA, Wong H, Argraves WS, Strickland DK: The cellular internalization and degradation of hepatic lipase is mediated by low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and requires cell surface proteoglycans. J Biol Chem 1995, 270:9307-9312. HL is shown to bind to the LRP and this binding is shown to enhance HL degradation. The authors also demonstrate that proteoglycans play a critical role in cell binding of HL and that HL is degraded in a manner independent of LRP.
18. NykjærA, Nielsen M, Lookene A, Meyer N, Røigaard H, Etzerodt M, Beisiegel LJ, Olivecrona G, Gliemann J: A carboxyl-terminal fragment of lipoprotein lipase binds to the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and inhibits lipase-mediated uptake of lipoproteins in cells. J Biol Chem 1994, 269:31747-31755. Although LPL was the emphasis of this paper, the authors show that HL binds to the LDL receptor-related protein and β-VLDL in a manner similar to LPL.
19. Homanics GE, de Silva HV, Osada J, Zhang SH, Wong H, Borensztajn J, Maeda N: Mild dyslipidemia in mice following targeted inactivation of the hepatic lipase gene. J Biol Chem 1995, 270:2974-2980. A thorough and well presented analysis of the lipoprotein changes produced by inactivation of the HL gene. The data supports the role of HL in the interconversions of HDL, but challenges the role of HL in chylomicron remnant removal.
20. Van Tol A, Van Gent T, Jansen H: Degradation of high density lipoprotein by heparin-releasable liver lipase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1980, 94:101-108.
21. Daggy BP, Bensadoun A: Enrichment of apolipoprotein B-48 in the LDL density class following in vivo inhibition of hepatic lipase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1986, 877:252-261.
22. Shafi S, Brady SE, Bensadoun A, Havel RJ: Role of hepatic lipase in the uptake and processing of chylomicron remnants in rat liver. J Lipid Res 1994, 35:709-720.
23. Hegle RA, Little JA, Vezina C, Maguire GF, Tu L, Wolever TS, Jenkins DJA, Connelly PW: Hepatic lipase deficiency: clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic characteristics. Arterioscler Thromb 1993, 13:720-728.
24. Cohen JC, Wang Z, Grundy SM, Stoesz MR, Guerra R: Variation at the hepatic lipase and apolipoprotein AI/CIII/AIV loci is a major cause of genetically determined variation in plasma HDL cholesterol levels. J Clin Invest 1994, 94:2377-2384. Genetic variation accounted for 56.5% of the total variance in plasma HDL-cholesterol. A major factor contributing to the genetic variation in HDL plasma cholesterol is determined by the variation at the HL gene locus.
25. Jansen H, Hülsmann WC: Enzymology and physiological role of hepatic lipase. Biochem Soc Trans 1985, 13:24-26.
26. 2-phospholipids and triglycerides by hepatic lipase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981, 100:591-599.
27. Fan J, Wang J, Bensadoun A, Lauer SJ, Dang Q, Mahley RW, Taylor JM: Overexpression of hepatic lipase in transgenic rabbits leads to a marked reduction of plasma high density lipoproteins and intermediate density lipoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994, 91:8724-8728.
28. Busch SJ, Barnhart RL, Martin GA, Fitzgerald MC, Yates MT, Mao SJT, Thomas CE, Jackson RL: Human hepatic triglyceride lipase expression reduces high density lipoprotein and aortic cholesterol in cholesterolfed transgenic mice. J Biol Chem 1994, 269:16376-16382.
29. Barter PJ, Liang H-Q, Clay MA, Rye K-A: Roles of hepatic lipase and cholesterol ester transfer protein in HDL metabolism. Atherosclerosis 1995, X:731-735. A concise and lucid summary of the function of HL and CETP in HDL interconversions. The authors present a model for the potential fates of lipid-free apoA-I after dissociation from HDL.
30. Clay MA, Newnham HH, Forte TM, Barter PI: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein and hepatic lipase activity promote shedding of apoA-I from HDL and subsequent formation of discoidal HDL. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992, 1124:52-58.
31. Clay MA, Newnham HH, Barter PJ: Hepatic lipase promotes a loss of apolipoprotein A-I from triglyceride-enriched human high density lipoproteins during incubation in vitro. Arterioscler Thromb 1991, 11:415-422.
32. Castro GR, Fielding CJ: Early incorporation of cell-derived cholesterol into pre-β-migrating high-density lipoprotein. Biochemistry 1988, 27: 25-29.
33. Zhong S, Goldberg IJ, Bruce C, Rubin E, Breslow JL, Tall A: Human apoA-II inhibits the hydrolysis of HDL triglyceride and the decrease of HDL size induced by hypertriglyceridemia and cholesteryl ester transfer protein in transgenic mice. J Clin Invest 1994, 94:2457-2467. Cross-breeding of CETP transgenic mice with transgenic mice expressing human apoA-II with and without apoA-I and apoC-III was performed. The authors present persuasive data supporting the hypothesis that apoA-II inhibits the hydrolysis of HDL triglycerides by inhibition of HL.
34. Thuren T, Wilcox RW, Sisson P, Waite M: Hepatic lipase hydrolysis of lipid monolayers. Regulation by apolipoproteins. J Biol Chem 1991, 266: 4853-4861.
35. Brinton EA, Eisenberg S, Breslow JL: Increased apoA-I and apoA-II fractional catabolic rate in patients with low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels with or without hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Invest 1991, 87:536-544.
36. Kuusi T, Ehnholm C, Viikari J, Härkönen R, Vartiainen E, Puska P, Taskinen M-R: Postheparin plasma lipoprotein and hepatic lipase are determinants of hypo- and hyperalphalipoproteinemia. J Lipid Res 1989, 30:1117-1126.
37. Blades B, Vega GL, Grundy SM: Activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase in postheparin plasma of patients with low concentrations of HDL cholesterol. Arterioscler Thromb 1993, 13:1227-1235.
38. 2. A study comparing liver perfusion to in vitro incubation with lipases. J Biol Chem 1994, 269:11572-11577.
39. Miller GJ, Miller NE: Plasma high density lipoprotein concentration and the development of ischaemic heart disease. Lancet 1975, 1:16-19.
40. Miller NE: High density lipoprotein as a predictor of clinical coronary heart disease. In Artherosclerosis VII. Edited by Fidge, Nestell. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishing; 1986:61.
41. Ebert DL, Warren RJ, Barter PJ, Mitchell A: Infusion of atherogenic liopoprotein particles increaes hepatic lipase activity in the rabbit. J Lipid Res 1993, 34:89-94.
42. Busch SJ, Barnhart RL, Martin GA, Flanagan MA, Jackson RL: Differential regulation of hepatic triglyceride lipase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase gene expression in a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. J Biol Chem 1990, 265:22474-22479.
43. Mahley RW: Apolipoprotein E: cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology. Science 1988, 240:622-630.
44. Ji Z-S, Lauer SJ, Fazio S, Bensadoun A, Taylor JM, Mahley RW: Enhanced binding and uptake of remnant lipoproteins by hepatic lipase-secreting hepatoma cells in culture. J Biol Chem 1994, 269:13429-13436.