Mutational analysis of the DNA binding, dimerization, and transcriptional activation domains of MEF2C

Molecular and Cellular Biology

Volumn 16, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 2627-2636

  Molkentin, Jeffery D ^a   Black, Brian L ^a   Martin, James F ^b   Olson, Eric N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; DNA BINDING; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; MUTATION RATE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION;

ANIMALIA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0029994419     PISSN: 02707306     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/MCB.16.6.2627     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Amacher, S. L., J. N. Buskin, and S. D. Hauschka. 1993. Multiple regulatory elements contribute differentially to muscle creatine kinase enhancer activity in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:2753-2764.
2. Ausubel, F. M., R. Brent, R. E. Kingston, D. D. Moore, J. G. Seidman, J. A. Smith, and K. Struhl (ed.). 1987. Current protocols in molecular biology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
3. Black, B. L., J. F. Martin, and E. N. Olson. 1995. The mouse MRF4 promoter is trans-activated directly and indirectly by muscle-specific transcription factors. J. Biol. Chem. 270:2889-2892.
4. Hour, B. A., M. A. O'Brien, W. L. Lockwood, E. S. Goldstein, R. Bodmer, P. H. Taghert, S. M. Abmayr, and H. T. Nguyen. 1995. Drosophila MEF2, a transcription factor that is essential for myogenesis. Genes Dev. 9:730-741.
5. Braun, T., E. Tannich, G. Buschhausen-Denker, and H. H. Arnold. 1989. Promoter upstream elements of the chicken cardiac myosin light-chain 2-A gene interact with trans-acting regulatory elements for muscle-specific transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:2513-2525.
6. Breitbart, R., C. Liang, S. Smoot, D. Lahern, V. Mahdavi, and B. Nadal-Ginard. 1993. A fourth human MEF-2 transcription factor, hMEF2D, is an early marker of the myogenic lineage. Development 118:1095-1106.
7. Brennan, T. J., T. Chakraborty, and E. N. Olson. 1991. Mutagenesis of the myogenin basic region identifies an ancient protein motif critical for activation of myogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:5675-5679.
8. Brennan, T. J., and E. N. Olson. 1990. Myogenin resides in the nucleus and acquires high affinity for a conserved enhancer element on heterodimerization. Genes Dev. 4:582-595.
9. Chambers, A. E., S. Kotecha, N. Towers, and T. J. Mohun. 1992. Muscle-specific expression of SRF-related genes in the early embryo of Xenopus laevis. EMBO J. 11:4981-4991.
10. Cheng, T. C., M. Wallace, J. P. Merlie, and E. N. Olson. 1993. Separable regulatory elements govern myogenin transcription in embryonic somites and limb buds. Science 261:215-218.
11. Cserjesi, P., B. Lilly, C. Hinkley, M. Perry, and E. N. Olson. 1994. Home-odomain protein MHox and MADS protein myocyte enhancer-binding factor-2 converge on a common element in the muscle creatine kinase enhancer. J. Biol. Chem. 269:16740-16745.
12. Cserjesi, P., and E. N. Olson. 1991. Myogenin induces muscle-specific enhancer binding factor MEF-2 independently of other muscle-specific gene products. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:4854-4862.
13. Davis, R. L., P.-F. Cheng, A. B. Lassar, and H. Weintraub. 1990. The MyoD DNA binding domain contains a recognition code for muscle-specific gene activation. Cell 60:733-746.
14. Dubois, E., J. Bercy, and F. Messenguy. 1987. Characterization of two genes, ARGRI and ARGRII required for specific regulation of arginine metabolism in yeast. Mol. Gen. Genet. 207:142-148.
15. Edmondson, D. G.. T.-C. Cheng, P. Cserjesi, T. Chakraborty, and E. N. Olson. 1992. Analysis of the myogenin promoter reveals an indirect pathway for positive autoregulation mediated by the muscle-specific enhancer factor MEF-2. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:3665-3677.
16. Edmondson, D. G., G. E. Lyons, J. F. Martin, and E. N. Olson. 1994. MEF2 gene expression marks the cardiac and skeletal muscle lineages during mouse embryogenesis. Development 120:1251-1263.
17. Gossett, L. A., D. J. Kelvin, E. A. Sternberg, and E. N. Olson. 1989. A new myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor that recognizes a conserved element associated with multiple muscle-specific genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:5022-5033.
18. Hemsley, A., N. Arnheim, M. D. Toney, G. Cortopassi, and D. J. Galas. 1989. A simple method for site directed mutagenesis using polymerase chain reaction. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:6545-6551.
19. Herskowitz, I. 1989. A regulatory hierarchy for cell specialization. Nature (London) 342:749-757.
20. Hill, C. S., J. Wynne, and R. Treisman. 1994. Serum-regulated transcription by serum response factor (SRF): a novel role for the DNA-binding domain. EMBO J. 13:5421-5432.
21. Horlick, R. A., G. M. Hobson, J. H. Patterson, M. T. Mitchell, and P. A. Benfield. 1990. Brain and muscle creatine kinase genes contain common AT-rich recognition protein-binding regulatory elements. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:4826-4836.
22. Iannello, R. C., J. H. Mar, and C. P. Ordahl. 1991. Characterization of a promoter element required for transcription in myocardial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 266:3309-3316.
23. Kaushal, S., J. W. Schneider, B. Nadal-Ginard, and V. Mahdavi. 1994. Activation of the myogenic lineage by MEF2A, a factor that induces and cooperates with MyoD. Science 266:1236-1240.
24. 23a.Krause, M. Personal communication.
25. Leibham, D., M.-W. Wong, T.-C. Cheng, S. Schroeder, P. A. Weil, E. N. Olson, and M. Perry. 1994. Binding of TFIID and MEF2 to the TATA element activates transcription of the Xenopus MyoDa promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:686-699.
26. Leifer, D., D. Krainc, Y.-T. Yu, J. McDermott, R. E. Breitbart, J. Heng, R. L. Neve, B. Kosofsky, B. Nadal-Ginard, and S. A. Lipton. 1993. MEF2C, a MADS/MEF2-family transcription factor expressed in a laminar distribution in cerebral cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:1546-1550.
27. Li, H., and Y. Capetanaki. 1994. An E box in the desmin promoter cooperates with the E box and MEF-2 sites of a distal enhancer to direct muscle-specific transcription. EMBO J. 13:3580-3589.
28. Li, Z., and D. Paulin. 1993. Different factors interact with myoblast-specific and myotube-specific enhancer regions of the human desmin gene. J. Biol. Chem. 268:10403-10415.
29. Lillie, J. W., and M. R. Green. 1988. Transcriptional activation by the adenovirus E1a protein. Nature (London) 338:39-44.
30. Lilly, B., S. Galewsky, A. B. Firulli, R. A. Schulz, and E. N. Olson. 1994. mef2: a MADS gene expressed in the differentiating mesoderm and the somatic muscle cell lineage during Drosophila embryogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:1662-5666.
31. Lilly, B., B. Zhao, G. Ranganayakulu, B. M. Paterson, R. A. Schulz, and E. N. Olson. 1995. Requirement of MADS domain transcription factor D-MEF2 for muscle formation in Drosophila. Science 267:688-693.
32. 30a Martin, J., D. Sosic, and E. Olson. Unpublished data.
33. Martin, J. F., J. M. Miano, C. M. Hustad, N. G. Copeland, N. A. Jenkins, and E. N. Olson. 1994. A Mef2 gene that generates a muscle-specific isoform via alternative mRNA splicing. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1647-1656.
34. Martin, J. F., J. J. Schwarz, and E. N. Olson. 1993. Myocyte enhancer factor (MEF) 2C: a tissue-restricted member of the MEF-2 family of transcription factors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:5282-5286.
35. McDermott, J. C., M. C. Cardoso, Y.-T. Yu, V. Andres, D. Leifer, D. Krainc, S. A. Lipson, and B. Nadal-Ginard. 1993. hMEF2C gene encodes skeletal muscle- and brain-specific transcription factors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:2564-2577.
36. 33a Molkentin, J., and E. Olson. Unpublished data.
37. Molkentin, J. D., B. L. Black, J. F. Martin, and E. N. Olson. 1995. Cooperative activation of muscle gene expression by MEF2 and myogenic bHLH proteins. Cell 83:1125-1136.
38. Molkentin, J. D., D. Kalvakolanu, and B. E. Markham. 1994. Transcription factor GATA-4 regulates cardiac muscle-specific expression of the α-myosin heavy-chain gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:4947-4957.
39. Molkentin, J. D., and B. E. Markham. 1993. Myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor (MEF-2) regulates α-cardiac myosin heavy chain gene expression in vitro and in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 268:19512-19520.
40. Muscat, G. E. O., S. Perry, H. Prentice, and L. Kedes. 1992. The human skeletal alpha-actin gene is regulated by a muscle-specific enhancer that binds three nuclear factors. Gene Expr. 2:111-126.
41. Naidu, P. S., D. C. Ludolph, R. Q. To, T. J. Hinterberger, and S. J. Koniec-zny. 1995. Myogenin and MEF2 function synergistically to activate the MRF4 promoter during myogenesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:2707-2718.
42. Nguyen, H. T., R. Bodmer, S. M. Abmayr, J. C. McDermott, and N. A. Spoerel. 1994. D-mef2: a Drosophila mesoderm-specific MADS box-containing gene with a biphasic expression profile during embryogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:7520-7524.
43. Norman, C., M. Runswick, R. Pollock, and R. Treisman. 1988. Isolation and properties of cDNA clones encoding SRF. a transcription factor that binds to the c-fos serum response element. Cell 55:989-1003.
44. Nurrish, S. J., and R. Treisman. 1995. DNA binding specificity determinants in MADS-box transcription factors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:4076-4085.
45. 4la.Olson, E. N., M. Perry, and R. A. Schulz. 1995. Regulation of muscle differentiation by the MEF2 family of MADS box transcription factors. Dev. Biol. 172:2-14.
46. Passmore, S., G. T. Maine, R. Elble, C. Christ, and B.-K. Tye. 1988. Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein involved in plasmid maintenance is necessary for mating of MATα cells. J. Mol. Biol. 204:593-606.
47. Pellegrini, L., S. Tan, and T. J. Richmond. 1995. Structure of serum response factor core hound to DNA. Nature (London) 376:490-498.
48. Pollock, R., and R. Treisman. 1991. Human SRF-related proteins: DNA-binding properties and potential regulatory targets. Genes Dev. 5:2327-2341.
49. Schwarz, J. J., T. Chakraborty, J. Martin, J. Zhou, and E. N. Olson. 1992. The basic region of myogenin cooperates with two transcription activation domains to induce muscle-specific transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:266-275.
50. Schwarz-Summer, Z., P. Huijser, W. Nacken, H. Saedler, and H. Sommer. 1990. Genetic control of flower development by homeotic genes in Antirrhinum majus. Science 250:931-936.
51. Sharrocks, A. D., G. Hendrik, and P. E. Shaw. 1993. Identification of amino acids essential for DNA binding and dimerization in p67SRF: implications for a novel DNA-binding motif. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:123-132.
52. Sharrocks, A. D., F. von Hesler, and P. E. Shaw. 1993. The identification of elements determining the different DNA binding specificities of the MADS box proteins p67SRF and RSRFC4. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:215-221.
53. Shore, P., and D. Sharrocks. 1995. The MADS-box family of transcription factors. Eur. J. Biochem. 229:1-13.
54. Taylor, M. V., K. E. Beatty, H. K. Hunter, and M. K. Baylies. 1995. Drosophila MEF2 is regulated by twist and is expressed in both the primordia and differentiated cells of the embryonic somatic, visceral and heart musculature. Mech. Dev. 50:29-41.
55. Weintraub, H., V. J. Dwarki, I. Verma, R. Davis, S. Hollenberg, L. Snider, A. Lassar, and S. J. Tapscott. 1991. Muscle-specific transcriptional activation by MyoD. Genes Dev. 5:1377-1386.
56. Wentworth, B. M., M. Donoghue, J. C. Engert, E. B. Berglund, and N. Rosenthal. 1991. Paired MyoD binding sites regulate myosin light chain gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:1242-1246.
57. Winter, B., T. Braun, and H.-H. Arnold. 1992. Cooperativity of functional domains in the muscle-specific transcription factor Myf-5. EMBO J. 11:1843-1855.
58. Wong, M. W., M. Pisegna, M. F. Lu, D. Leibham, and M. Perry. 1994. Activation of Xenopus MyoD transcription by members of the MEF2 protein family. Dev. Biol. 166:683-695.
59. Yanofsky, M. F., H. Ma, J. L. Bowman, G. N. Drews, K. A. Feldmann, and E. M. Meyerowitz. 1990. The protein encoded by the Arabidopsis homeotic gene Agamous resembles transcription factors. Nature (London) 346:35-39.
60. Yee, S. P., and P. W. Rigby. 1993. The regulation of myogenin gene expression during embryonic development of the mouse. Genes Dev. 7:1277-1289.
61. Yu, Y.-T., R. E. Breitbart, L. B. Smoot, Y. Lee, V. Mahdavi, and B. Nadal-Ginard. 1992. Human myocyte-spccific enhancer factor 2 comprises a group of tissue-restricted MADS box transcription factors. Genes Dev. 6:1783-1798.
62. Zhu, H., A. V. Garcia, R. R. Ross, S. M. Evans, and K. R. Chien. 1991. A conserved 28-base-pair element (HF-1) in the rat cardiac myosin light-chain-2 gene confers cardiac-specific and α-adrenergic-inducible expression in cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:2273-2281.