Towards a critique of policing and national development in Africa

Journal of Modern African Studies

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 271-291

  Hills, Alice ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

POLICE FORCE; POLICY OPTIONS; POLITICAL FACTORS; SOCIOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS;

AFRICA;

EID: 0029994254     PISSN: 0022278X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0022278x00055336     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Michael Bratton and Nicolas van de Walle, 'Toward Governance in Africa: popular demands and state responses', in Goran Hyden and Bratton (eds.), Governance and Politics in Africa (Boulder and London, 1992), p. 29.
2. Christian P. Potholm, 'The Multiple Roles of the Police as Seen in the African Context', The Journal of Developing Areas (Macomb, IL), 3, January 1969, pp. 139-58.
3. Ibid. p. 157.
4. The Economist (London), 12-18 November 1994, p. 88.
5. J. M. Lee, African Armies and Civil Order (London, 1969), p. 2.
6. Henry Bienen, 'The Initial Involvement: public order and the military in Africa', in Bienen (ed.), The Military Intervenes: case studies in political development (New York, 1968), p. 37. For examples of the breakdown of civil society, see Richard Sandbrook, 'Patrons, Clients and Factions: new dimensions of conflict analysis in Africa', in Canadian Journal of African Studies (Toronto), March 1972, p. 109: 'Where a society's impersonal legal guarantees of physical security, status, and wealth are relatively weak or non-existent individuals seek personal substitutes by attaching themselves to "big men" capable of providing protection and even advancement.'
7. Henry Bienen, 'The Initial Involvement: public order and the military in Africa', in Bienen (ed.), The Military Intervenes: case studies in political development (New York, 1968), p. 37. For examples of the breakdown of civil society, see Richard Sandbrook, 'Patrons, Clients and Factions: new dimensions of conflict analysis in Africa', in Canadian Journal of African Studies (Toronto), March 1972, p. 109: 'Where a society's impersonal legal guarantees of physical security, status, and wealth are relatively weak or non-existent individuals seek personal substitutes by attaching themselves to "big men" capable of providing protection and even advancement.'
8. The Guardian (London), 8 December 1994.
9. For a discussion of the complexity of 'security' as a phenomenon, see Yezid Sayigh, Confronting the 1990s: security in the developing countries (London, 1990), Adelphi Paper No. 251.
10. Lee, op. cit. p. 185.
11. Quoted in Simon Baynham, The Military and Politics in Nkrumah's Ghana (Boulder, CO, 1988), P. 53.
12. The Guardian, 27 March 1995. For brief details of policing in Burundi in 1990, see René Lemarchand, Burundi: ethnocide as discourse and practice (Cambridge, 1994), pp. 109-10.
13. The Guardian, 27 March 1995. For brief details of policing in Burundi in 1990, see René Lemarchand, Burundi: ethnocide as discourse and practice (Cambridge, 1994), pp. 109-10.
14. The Daily Telegraph (London), 5 January 1995.
15. Quoted in Robin Cohen and Harry Goulbourne, Democracy and Socialism in Africa (Boulder and Oxford, 1991), p. 125.
16. Bienen, loc. cit. p. 35.
17. Baynham, op. cit. p. 239.
18. Samuel Decalo discusses the many specific sources of political power, amalgamating legitimacy, coercion, and personal ambition, in his Coups and Army Rule in Africa: motivations and constraints (New Haven and London, 1990).
19. Bratton and van de Walle, loc. cit. p. 29.
20. Goran Hyden, 'Governance and the Study of Polities', in Hyden and Bratton (eds.), op. cit. P. 24.
21. Gilbert M. Khadiagala, 'Uganda's Domestic and Regional Security Since the 1970s', in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), 31, 2, June 1993, pp. 231-55.
22. John A. Wiseman, 'Leadership and Personal Danger in African Politics', in ibid. 31, 4, December 1993, p. 659.
23. World Bank, Demobilization and Reintegration of Military Personnel in Africa: the evidence from seven country case studies (New York, 1993), p. 22.
24. The Daily Telegraph, 25 March 1994.
25. Interview with L. A. G. Soper, Director of Overseas Police Studies, The Police Staff College, Bramshill, Hampshire, 17 August 1994.
26. Aili Mari Tripp, 'Local Organizations, Participation, and the State in Urban Tanzania', in Hyden and Bratton (eds.), op. cit. p. 235, discusses the situation in the early 1990s and comments that 'Local security has been... [an] area in Tanzania where people's inability to rely on the state apparatus led to the formation of independent security teams, even in the urban areas.'
27. See, for example, The Economist, 22 October 1994, on Mozambique.
28. Marenin, loc. cit. p. 389.
29. See, for example, Mike Brogden and Clifford Shearing, Policing for a New South Africa (London and New York, 1993), and Gavin Cawthra, Policing South Africa: the South African Police and the transition from apartheid (London, Atlantic Highlands, NJ, and Cape Town, 1993).
30. See, for example, Mike Brogden and Clifford Shearing, Policing for a New South Africa (London and New York, 1993), and Gavin Cawthra, Policing South Africa: the South African Police and the transition from apartheid (London, Atlantic Highlands, NJ, and Cape Town, 1993).
31. Tekena N. Tamuno, The Police in Modern Nigeria, 1861-1965: origins, development and role (Ibadan 1970) is the earliest major study. See also, Philip Terdoo Ahire, Imperial Policing: the emergence and role of the police in colonial Nigeria, 1860-1960 (Milton Keynes, 1991).
32. Tekena N. Tamuno, The Police in Modern Nigeria, 1861-1965: origins, development and role (Ibadan 1970) is the earliest major study. See also, Philip Terdoo Ahire, Imperial Policing: the emergence and role of the police in colonial Nigeria, 1860-1960 (Milton Keynes, 1991).
33. Laurie Nathan, Marching to a Different Drum - Formation of the Namibian Police and Defence Force (Bellville, University of the Western Cape, 1990).
34. The Guardian, 9 December 1994. The chairman of the Namibian subsidiary of the large South African corporation that was building a casino was reportedly the brother-in-law of the President, and the South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO) was alleged to have a substantial share-holding.
35. The black inspector-general of the Namibian police has been on the overseas command course in Britain, where the Police Staff College has also provided a short course for ten senior Namibian officers on the theme of ' Policing a Democratic Society '. Five were white and five were black ex-freedom fighters who had previously trained in Romania and fought in Angola.
36. A. H. Pacey, T. B. Davey, and D. C. Blakey, White Paper on Future Training Needs of the Nigeria Police Force (Lagos, 1982), p. 6.
37. Ibid. p. 9.
38. A. H. Pacey, The Nigeria Police, Future Training Needs. Report on Reconnaissance Visit (Lagos, January 1988), p. 5.