Neurochemical architecture of the normal and degenerating rat retina

Journal of Comparative Neurology

Volumn 376, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 343-360

  Fletcher, Erica L ^a   Kalloniatis, Michael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

amino acids; neurotransmitters; RCS rat; retinitis pigmentosa; vision

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; AMINO ACID; ARGININE; ASPARTIC ACID; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLUTAMINE; GLYCINE; TAURINE;

AMINO ACID TRANSPORT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; MUELLER CELL; NEUROCHEMISTRY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; RAT; RETINA BIPOLAR GANGLION CELL; RETINA DEGENERATION;

AMINO ACIDS; ANIMALS; ANTIBODY SPECIFICITY; ARGININE; ASPARTIC ACID; AUTORADIOGRAPHY; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLYCINE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; NERVE DEGENERATION; NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS; PHOTORECEPTORS; PIGMENT EPITHELIUM OF EYE; RATS; RATS, INBRED STRAINS; TAURINE; TRITIUM;

EID: 0029988263     PISSN: 00219967     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19961216)376:3<343::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-2     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Abe, T., S.-I. Ishiguro, H. Saito, M. Kiyosawa, and M. Tamai (1992) Partially deficient glutamate dehydrogenase activity and attenuated oscillatory potentials in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 33:447-452.
2. Aoki, E., R. Semba, K. Mikoshiba, and S. Kashiwamata (1991) Predominant localization in glial cells of free L-arginine. Immunocytochemical evidence. Brain Res. 547:190-192.
3. Bender., D.A. (1985) Amino Acid Metabolism. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
4. Brandon, C., and D.M.-K. Lam (1983) L-glutamic acid: A neurotransmitter candidate for cone photoreceptors in human and rat retina. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 50:5117-5121.
5. Brotherton, J. (1962) Studies on the metabolism of the rat retina with special reference to retinitis pigmentosa. I. Anerobic glycolysis. Exp. Eye Res. 1:234-245.
6. Choi, D.W. (1988) Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system. Neuron 1:623-634.
7. Crooks, J., and H. Kolb (1992) Localization of GABA, glycine, glutamate and tyrosine hydroxylase in the human retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 315:287-302.
8. Davanger, S., O.P. Ottersen, and J. Storm-Mathisen (1991) Glutamate, GABA, and glycine in the human retina: Immunocytochemical investigation. J. Comp. Neurol. 311:483-494.
9. Dowling, J.E., and R.L. Sidman (1962) Inherited retinal dystrophy in the rat. J. Cell Biol. 14:73-108.
10. Ehinger, B. (1977) Glial and neuronal uptake of GABA, glutamic acid, glutamine and glutathione in the rabbit retina. Exp. Eye Res. 25:221-234.
11. Ehinger, B., O.P. Ottersen, J. Storm-Mathisen, and J.E. Dowling (1988) Bipolar cells in the turtle retina are strongly immunoreactive for glutamate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:8321-8325.
12. Eisenfeld, A.J., A.H. Bunt-Milam, and P.V. Sarthy (1984) Müller cell expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein after genetic and experimental photoreceptor degeneration in the rat retina. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 25:1321-1328.
13. Ereciñska M., and I.A. Silver (1990) Metabolism and role of glutamate in mammalian brain. Prog. Neurobiol. 35:245-296.
14. Famiglietti, E.V. Jr., and H. Kolb (1975) A bistratified amacrine cell and synaptic circuitry in the inner plexiform layer of the retina. Brain Res. 84:293-300.
15. Feng, B., S.K. Shiber, and S.R. Max. (1990) Glutamine regulates glutamine synthetase expression in skeletal muscle cells in culture. J. Cell. Physiol. 145:376-380.
16. Gebhard, R. (1991) Cytochemical demonstration of aspartate aminotransferase activity in the rat retina. Brain Res. 539:337-341.
17. Gebhard, R. (1992) Histochemical demonstration of glutamate dehydrogenase and phosphate activated glutaminase activities in semithin sections of the rat retina. Histochemistry 97:101-103.
18. Grünert, U., and H. Wässle (1990) GABA-like immunoreactivity in the Macaque monkey retina: A light and electron micrscopic study. J. Comp. Neurol. 297:509-524.
19. Hamassaki-Britto, D.E., I. Hermans-Borgmeyer, S. Heinemann, and T.E. Hughes (1993) Expression of glutamate receptor genes in the mammalian retina: The localization of GluR1 through GluR7 mRNAs. J. Neurosci. 13:1888-1989.
20. Hertz, L. (1979) Functional interactions between neurons and astrocytes I. Turnover and metabolism of putative amino acid transmitters. Prog. Neurobiol. 13:277-323.
21. Hertz, L., and A. Schousboe (1988) Metabolism of glutamate and glutamine in neurons and astrocytes in primary cultures. In E. Kvamme (ed): Glutamine and Glutamate in Mammals, Vol. II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 39-55.
22. Hollyfield, J.G., J.M. Frederick, G.A. Tabor, and R.J. Ulshafer (1984) Metabolic studies on retinal tissue from a donor with a dominantly inherited chorioretinal degeneration resembling sectoral retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmology 91:191-196.
23. Kadowaki, K., J. Kishimoto, G. Leng, and P.C. Emson (1994) Upregulation of nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) gene-expression together with Nos activity in the rat hypothalamohypophyseal system after chronic salt loading-evidence for a neuromodulatory role of nitric-oxide in arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin secretion. Endocrinology 134:1011-1017.
24. Kalloniatis, M. (1995) Amino acids in neurotransmission and disease. J. Amer. Optom. Assoc. 11:750-757.
25. Kalloniatis, M., and E.L. Fletcher (1993) Immunocytochemical localization of the amino acid neurotransmitters in the chicken retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 336:174-193.
26. Kalloniatis, M., and G.A. Napper (1996) Glutamate metabolic pathways in displaced ganglion cells of the chicken retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 367:518-536.
27. Kalloniatis, M., and R.E. Marc (1990) Interplexiform cells of the goldfish retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 297:340-358.
28. Kalloniatis, M., G. Tomisich, and R.E. Marc (1994a) Neurochemical signatures revealed by glutamine labeling in the chicken retina. Visual Neurosci. 11:793-804.
29. Kalloniatis, M., R.E. Marc, G. Tomisich, and G. Barnes (1994b) Pathways of glutamate production in the mammalian retina. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. Abstr. 35:1908.
30. Kato T., and Y.L. Murashima (1987) GABA concentration and GAD activity levels in normal and degenerated retinas from mice. Neurochem. Res. 12:529-535.
31. Kuriyama, K., K. Sasamoto, and H. Kimura (1990) A developmental and functional study on taurine-like immunoreactivity in the rat retina. In Taurine: Functional Neurochemistry, Physiology and Cardiology. New York: Wiley-Liss, Inc., pp. 29-36.
32. Lake, N. (1994) Taurine and GABA in the rat retina during postnatal development. Vis. Neurosci. 11:253-260.
33. LaVail, M.M., and L. Reif-Lehrer (1971) Glutamine synthetase in the normal and dystrophic mouse retina. J. Cell Biol. 51:348-351.
34. LaVail, M.M., L.H. Pinto, and D. Yasumura (1981) The interphotoreceptor matrix in rats with inherited retinal dystrophy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 21:658-668.
35. LaVail, M.M., L. Li, J.E. Turner, and D. Yasumura (1992) Retinal pigment epithelial cell transplantation in RCS rats: Normal metabolism in rescued photoreceptors. Exp. Eye Res. 55:555-562.
36. LaVail, M.M., M.P. White, G.M. Gorrin, D. Yasumura, K.V. Porrello, and R. Mullen (1993) Retinal degeneration in the nervous mutant mouse. I. Light microscopic cytopathology and changes in the interphotoreceptor matrix. J Comp. Neurol. 333:168-181.
37. Li, L.X., and J.E. Turner (1988) Inherited retinal dystrophy in the RCS rat: Prevention of photoreceptor degeneration by pigment epithelial cell transplantation. Exp. Eye Res. 47:911-917.
38. Lin, C.-T., H.-Z. Li, and J.-Y. Wu (1983) Immunocytochemical localization of L-glutamate decarboxylase, gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase, cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase, aspartate aminotransferase and somatostatin in the rat retina. Brain Res. 270:273-283.
39. Lombardini, J.B. (1991) Taurine: Retinal function. Brain Res. Rev. 16:151-169.
40. Marc, R.E. (1989) The role of glycine in the mammalian retina. In N.N. Osborne and G.J. Chader (eds): Progress in Retinal Research Vol 8. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 67-107.
41. Marc, R.E., W.-L.S. Liu, M. Kalloniatis, S.F. Raiguel, and E. van Haesendonck (1990) Patterns of glutamate immunoreactivity in the goldfish retina. J. Neurosci. 10:4006-4034.
42. Marc, R.E., R.F. Murry, and S.F. Basinger (1995a) Pattern recognition of amino acid signatures in retinal neurons. J. Neurosci. 15:5106-5129.
43. Marc, R.E., R. Murry, S.K. Fisher, G.P. Lewis, and K.A. Linberg (1995b) The cellular amino acid signatures of the cat retina: Transitions from normal to pathologic states following retinal detachment. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. Abstr. 36:S383.
44. Martin, P., and U. Grünert (1992) Spatial density and immunoreactivity of bipolar cells in the macaque monkey retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 323:269-287.
45. Massey, S.C. (1990) Cell types using glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the vertebrate retina. In N.N. Osborne and G.J. Chader (eds): Progress in Retinal Research Vol 8. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 399-425.
46. Meldrum, B., and J. Garthwaite (1990) Excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disease. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 11:319-387.
47. Mills, S.L., and S.C. Massey (1995) Differential properties of two gap junctional pathways made by AII amacrine cells. Nature 377:734-737.
48. Mosinger, J.L., S. Yazulla, and R.M. Studholme (1986) GABA-like immunoreactivity in the vertebrate retina: A species comparison. Exp. Eye Res. 42:631-644.
49. Mullen, R.J., and M.M. LaVail (1976) Inherited retinal dystrophy: Primary defect in pigment epithelium determined with experimental rat chimeras. Science 192:799-801.
50. Murashima Y.L., T. Ishikawa, and T. Kato (1990) γ-Aminobutyric acid system in developing and degenerating mouse retina. J. Neurochem. 54:893-898.
51. Napper, G.A., and M. Kalloniatis (1994) Neurochemical changes in the rat retina following oxygen-glucose deprivation. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. Abstr. 35:1362.
52. Neal, M.J., J.R. Cunningham, P.H. Hutson, and J. Hogg (1994) Effects of ischaemia on neurotransmitter release from the isolated retina. J. Neurochemi. 62:1025-1033.
53. Orr, H.T., A.L. Cohen, and J.A. Carter (1976) The levels of free taurine, glutamate, glycine and γ-Amino butyric acids during the postnatal development of the normal and dystrophic retina of the mouse. Exp. Eye Res. 23:377-384.
54. Osborne, N.N., A. Larsen, and N.L. Barnett (1995) Influence of excitatory amino acids and ischemia on rat retinal choline acetyltransferase-containing cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 36:1692-1700.
55. Otori, Y., S. Shimada, K. Tanaka, H. Morimura, I. Ishimoto, M. Tohyama, and Y. Tano (1995) Changes in glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST/ GluT-1) mRNA and its protein in rats following transient retinal ischemia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. Abstr. 36:S119.
56. Pautler, E.L., and C. Tangerdy (1986) Transport of acidic amino acids by bovine pigment epithelium. Exp. Eye Res. 43:207-214.
57. Plaitakis, A., S. Berl, and M.D. Yahr (1982) Abnormal glutamate metabolism in an adult-onset degenerative neurological disorder. Science 216:193-196.
58. Porrello K., D. Yasumura, and M.M. LaVail (1986) The interphotoreceptor matrix in RCS rats: Histochemical analysis and correlation with rate of retinal degeneration. Exp. Eye Res. 43:413-429.
59. Porrello, K., and M.M. LaVail (1986a) Immunocytochemical localization of chondroitin sulfates in the interphotoreceptor matrix of the normal and dystrophic rat retina. Curr. Eye Res. 5:981-993.
60. Porrello, K., and M.M. LaVail (1986b) Histochemical demonstration of spatial heterogeneity in the interphotoreceptor matrix of the rat retina. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 27:1577-1586.
61. Pow, D.V. (1994) Immunocytochemical evidence for a glial localization of arginine, and a neuronal localization of citrulline in the rat neurohypophysis: Implications for nitregic transmission. Neurosci. Lett. 181:141-144.
62. Pow, D.V., and D.K. Crook (1995) Direct immunocytochemical evidence for the transfer of glutamine from glial cells to neurons: use of specific antibodies directed against the D-stereoisomers of glutamate and glutamine. Neuroscience 70:295-302.
63. Pow, D.V., and S.R. Robinson (1994) Glutamate in some retinal neurons is derived solely from glia. Neuroscience 60:355-366.
64. Reading, H.W., and A. Sorsby (1962) The metabolism of the dystrophic retina I: Comparative studies on the glucose metabolism of the developing rat retina, normal and dystrophic. Vision Res. 2:315-325.
65. Reading, H.W., and A. Sorsby (1964) The metabolism of the dystrophic retina II: Amino acid transport and protein synthesis in the developing rat retina, normal and dystrophic. Vision Res. 4:209-220.
66. Ripps, H., and P. Witkovsky (1985) Neuron-glia interaction in the brain and retina. In N.N. Osborne and G.J. Chader (eds): Progress in Retinal Research Vol. 4. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 181-219.
67. Ross, C.D., M. Bowers, and D.A. Godfrey (1987) Distribution of glutaminase in retinal layers of rat and guinea pig. Brain Res. 401:168-172.
68. Rothman, S.M., and J.W. Olney (1987) Excitotoxicity and the NMDA receptor. Trends Neurosci. 10:299-302.
69. Salceda, R., and M.R. Saldaña (1993) Glutamate and taurine uptake by retinal pigment epithelium during rat development. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 104C:311-316.
70. Sarthy, P.V., A.E. Hendrickson, and J.-Y. Wu (1986) L-glutamate: A neurotransmitter candidate for cone photoreceptors in the monkey retina. J. Neurosci. 6:637-643.
71. Silverman, M.S., and S.E. Hughes (1990) Photoreceptor rescue in the RCS rat without pigment epithelium transplantation. Curr. Eye Res. 9:183-191.
72. Stramm L.E., and E.L. Pautler (1980) Glucose uptake by normal and dystrophic rat retinas and ciliary bodies. Exp. Eye Res. 30:709-718.
73. Tso, M.O., C. Zhang, A.S. Abler, C.J. Chang, F. Wong, G.Q. Chang, and T.T. Lam (1994) Apoptosis leads to photoreceptor degeneration in inherited retinal dystrophy of RCS rats. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 35:2693-2699.
74. Ulshafer R.J., D.M. Sherry, R. Dawson Jr., and D.R. Wallace (1990) Excitatory amino acid involvement in retinal degeneration. Brain Res. 531:350-354.
75. Vaney, D.I. (1991) Many diverse types of retinal neurons show tracer coupling when injected with biocytin or neurobiotin. Neurosci. Lett. 125:187-190.
76. Vaney, D.I. (1994) Patterns of neuronal coupling in the retina. In N.N. Osborne and G.J. Chader (eds): Retinal and Eye Research Vol 13. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 301-355.
77. Versaux-Botteri, C., R. Poche, and J. Nguyen-Legros (1989) Immunohistochemical localization of GABA-containing neurons during postnatal development of the rat retina. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 30:652-659.
78. Vincent, S.R., and B.T. Hope (1992) Neurons that say NO. Trends in Neurosci. 15:108-113.
79. Vincent, S.R., and H. Kimura (1992) Histochemical mapping of nitric oxide synthase in the rat brain. Neuroscience 46:755-784.
80. Voaden, M.J. (1978) The localization and metabolism of neuroactive amino acids in the retina. In F. Fonnum (ed): Amino Acids as Chemical Transmitters. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 257-274.
81. Voaden, M.J. (1988) Glutamine and its neuroactive derivatives in the retina. In E. Kvamme (ed): Glutamine and Glutamate in Mammals Vol. II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC press, pp. 71-88.
82. Voaden, M.J. (1991) Retinitis pigmentosa and its models. In N.N. Osborne and G.J. Chader (eds): Progress in Retinal Research Vol 8. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 293-329.
83. Voaden, M.J., N. Lake, and B. Nathwani (1977) A comparison of γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism in neurons versus glial cells using isolated retinae. J. Neurochem. 25:457-459.
84. Walters, P.T. (1959) Anerobic glycolysis in rats affected with retinitis pigmentosa. Its significance in relation to various forms of primary pigmentary degeneration of the retina. Brit. J. Ophthalmol. 43:686-696.
85. Wu, G., and C.J. Meininger (1993) Regulation of L-arginine synthesis from L-citrulline by L-glutamine in endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 265: H1965-H1971.
86. Yazulla, S. (1986) GABAergic mechanisms in the retina. In N.N. Osborne and G.J. Chader (eds): Progress in Retinal Research Vol. 5. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 1-55.
87. Zubay, G.L., W.W. Parson, and D.E. Vance (1995) Principles of biochemistry. Vol. 2. Duburque: Wm. C. Brown Publishers.