Income, social stratification, class, and private health insurance: A study of the baltimore metropolitan area

International Journal of Health Services

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 655-671

  Muntaner, Carles ^a   Parsons, P Ellen ^b  

^a WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE AVAILABILITY; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE DISTRIBUTION; PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE; SOCIAL CLASS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0029987393     PISSN: 00207314     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2190/1Y3T-HPQ6-ADBH-55WC     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Glaser, W. A. The United States needs a health system like other countries. JAMA 270: 980-984, 1993.
2. Susser, M. Health as a human right: An epidemiologist's perspective on the public health. Am. J. Public Health 83: 418-426, 1993.
3. Aday, L. A. At Risk In America: The Health and Health Care Needs of Vulnerable Populations in the US. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 1993.
4. Burstin, H. R., Lipsitz, S. R., and Brenna, T. A. Socioeconomic status and risk for substandard medical care. JAMA 268: 2383-2387, 1992.
5. Franks, P., Clancy, C. M., and Gold, M. R. Health insurance and mortality: Evidence from a National Cohort. JAMA 270: 737-741, 1993.
6. Last, J. M., and Wallace, R. B. Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ed. 13. Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, Conn., 1992.
7. Friedman, E. The uninsured: From dilemma to crisis. JAMA 265: 2491-2495, 1991.
8. Levit, K. R., Olin, G. L., and Letsch, S. W. Americans health insurance coverage, 1980-91. Health Care Financ. Rev. 14: 31-57, 1992.
9. Foley, J. D. Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured: Analysis of the March 1992 Current Population Survey. SR-16, Issue Brief No. 133. Employee Benefit Research Institute, Washington, D.C., 1993.
10. Weissman, J. S., and Epstein, A. M. Falling Through the Safety Net: Insurance Status and Access to Health Care. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1994.
11. Cantor, J. C. Expanding health insurance coverage: Who will pay? J. Health Polit. Policy Law 15: 755-778, 1990.
12. Davis, K., Gold, M., and Makuc, D. Access to health care for the poor: Does the gap remain. Ann. Rev. Public Health 2: 159-182, 1981.
13. Fether, J., Hadley, J., and Mullner, R. Falling through the cracks: Poverty, insurance coverage and hospital care for the poor, 1980-1982. Milbank Q. 62: 544-566, 1984.
14. Hayward, R. A., et al. Inequities in health services among insured Americans: Do working-age adults have less access to medical care than the elderly? N. Engl. J. Med. 318: 1507-1512, 1988.
15. Marquis, M. S., and Buchanan, J. L. How will changes in health insurance tax policy and employer health plan contributions affect access to health care and health care costs? JAMA 271: 939-944, 1994.
16. Short, P., Monheit, A., and Beauregard, K. A Profile of Uninsured Americans. DHHS Publ. No. (PHS) 89-3443. National Medical Expenditure Survey Research Findings 1. National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment, Rockville, Md., 1989.
17. Swartz, K. Dynamics of people without health insurance: Don't let the numbers fool you. JAMA 271: 64-66, 1994.
18. Mutchler, J. E., and Burr, J. A. Racial differences in health and health service utilization in later life: The effect of SES. J. Health Soc. Behav. 32: 342-356, 1991.
19. Wright, E. O. Class Structure and Income Determination. Academic Press, New York, 1979.
20. Robinson, R. V., and Kelley, J. Class as conceived by Marx and Dahrendorf: Effects on income inequality, class consciousness, and class conflict in the U.S. and Great Britain. Am. Social. Rev. 55: 827-841, 1979.
21. Smith, M. R. What is new in "new structuralist" analyses of earnings? Am. Sociol. Rev. 55: 827-841, 1990.
22. Halaby, C. N., and Weakliem, D. L. Ownership and authority in the earnings function: Nonnested tests of alternative specifications. Am. Soc. Rev. 58: 16-30, 1993.
23. Calinicos, A., and Harman, C. The Changing Working Class. Bookmarks, Chicago, 1989.
24. Wright, E. O. Typologies, scales, and class analysis: A comment on Halaby and Weakliem. Am. Sociol. Rev. 58: 31-34, 1993.
25. Wright, E. O., and Cho, D. The relative permeability of class boundaries to cross-class friendships: A comparative study of the United States, Canada, Sweden and Norway. Am. Sociol. Rev. 57: 85-102, 1992.
26. Muntaner, C., et al. Psychotic inpatients' social class and their admission to state or private psychiatric Baltimore hospitals. Am. J. Public Health 84: 287-289, 1994.
27. Krieger, N., et al. Racism, sexism, and social class: Implications for studies of health, disease, and well-being, Am. J. Prev. Med. 9(Suppl. 6): 82-122, 1993.
28. Navarro, V. Race or class versus race and class: Mortality differentials in the United States. Lancet 336: 1238-1240, 1990.
29. Liberatos, P., Link, B. G., and Kelsey, J. L. The measurement of social class in epidemiology. Epidemiol. Rev. 10: 87-121, 1988.
30. Susser, M., Watson, W., and Hopper, K. Sociology in Medicine, Ed. 3. Oxford University Press, New York, 1985.
31. Pappas, G., et al. The increasing disparity in mortality between socioeconomic groups in the United States, 1960-1986. N. Engl. J. Med. 329: 103-109, 1993.
32. Williams, D. Socioeconomic differentials in health: A review and a reformulation. Soc. Psychol. Q. 53: 81-99, 1990.
33. Navarro, V. The Politics of Health Policy: The U.S. Reforms, 1980-1994. Blackwell, Cambridge, Mass., 1994.
34. Winkleby, M. A., et al. How education, income and occupation contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Public Health 82: 816-820, 1992.
35. Leigh, J. P., and Fries, J. F. Occupation, income, and education as independent covariates for arthritis in four national probability samples. Arthritis Rheum. 34: 984-995, 1991.
36. Kohn, M. L., and Schooler, C. Work and Personality: An Inquiry into the Impact of Social Stratification. Ablex, Norwood, N.J., 1983.
37. Becker, G. S. The Economic Approach to Human Behavior. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1976.
38. Kalleberg, A., and Griffin, L. Class, occupation and inequality in job rewards. Am. J. Sociol. 83: 731-768, 1980.
39. Marshall, G., et al. Classes in Modem Britain. Hutchinson, London, 1988.
40. Lazear, E. J. Incentive contracts. In Allocation, Information and Markets, edited by J. Eatwell, M. Milgate, and P. Newman, pp. 152-162. W. W. Norton, New York, 1989.
41. Calvo, G. A., and Wellisz, S. Hierarchy, ability, and income distribution. J. Polit. Econ. 87: 991-1010, 1979.
42. Wright, E. O. Classes. Verso, London, 1985.
43. Kohn, M. L., et al. Position in the class structure and psychological functioning in the United States, Japan, and Poland. Am. J. Sociol. 95: 964-1008, 1990.
44. Gordon, D. M., Edwards, R., and Reich, M. Segmented Work, Divided Workers: The Historical Transformation of Labor in the United States. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1982.
45. Waksberg, J. Sampling methods for random digit dialing. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 73: 40-46, 1978.
46. Survey Sampling, Inc. Unlisted Rates of the Top 100 MSAs for 1990. Fairfield, Conn., 1991.
47. Olson, S. H., et al. Evaluation of random digit dialing as a method of control selection in case-control studies. Am. J. Epidemiol. 135: 210-222, 1992.
48. Hahn, B., and Lefkowitz, D. Annual Expenses and Sources of Payments for Health Care Services. AHCPR Publ. No. 93-0007. National Medical Expenditure Survey Research Findings 14. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Public Health Service, Rockville, Md., 1992.
49. Smith, T. W. Phone Home? An Analysis of Household Telephone Ownership. Paper presented at the International Conference on Telephone Survey Methodology, Charlotte, N.C., November 1987.
50. Greenland, S. Modeling and variable selection in epidemiologic analysis. Am. J. Public Health 79: 340-349, 1989.
51. Breen, C., and Parsons, P. E. How the health care system influences access to care. Ann. Epidemiol. 1996, in press.
52. Mishel, L., and Bernstein, J. The State of Working America 1992-1993. M. E. Sharpe, New York, 1993.
53. Schor, J. B. The Overworked American. Basic Books, New York, 1992.
54. Field, M. J., and Shapiro, H. T. Employment and Health Benefits: A Connection at Risk. Institute of Medicine, National Academic Press, Washington, D.C., 1993.
55. Renner, C., and Navarro, V. Why is our population of uninsured and underinsured persons growing? The consequences of the "deindustrialization" of the United States. Int. J. Health Serv. 19: 433-442, 1989.
56. Ostroff, C. The relationship between satisfaction, attitudes, and performance: An organizational level analysis. J. Appl. Psychol. 77: 963-974, 1992.
57. Krieger, N., and Fee, E. Social class: The missing link in U.S. health data. Int. J. Health Serv. 24: 25-44, 1994.
58. Alonso, W., and Starr, P. The Politics of Numbers. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, 1987.
59. Lacey, M. J., and Furner, M. O. The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States. Woodrow Wilson Series, Washington, D.C., 1994.
60. Navarro, V. Why Congress did not enact the health care reform. J. Health Polit. Policy Law 20: 455-462, 1995.