Thymulin, zinc and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) activity before and during recombinant growth hormone (rec-GH) therapy in children and adults with GH deficiency

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation

Volumn 19, Issue 9, 1996, Pages 630-637

  Mocchegiani, E ^a,d   Sartorio, A ^b   Santarelli, L ^a   Ferrero, S ^b   Fabris, N ^a,c  

^a INRCA   (Italy)

^b ISTITUTO AUXOLOGICO ITALIANO   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA   (Italy)

^d Immunol Ctr Gerontol Res D   (Italy)

Author keywords

GH deficiency; Growth hormone; Insulin like growth Factor 1; Zinc

Indexed keywords

RECOMBINANT GROWTH HORMONE; SOMATOMEDIN; SOMATORMON; THYMULIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZINC;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY; HUMAN; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; SCHOOL CHILD; THYMUS FUNCTION; ZINC BLOOD LEVEL; ZINC DEFICIENCY;

EID: 0029987351     PISSN: 03914097     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF03349030     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Fabris N., Mocchegiani E., Muzzioli M. Neuroendocrine-thymus interactions: perspectives for intervention in aging. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. USA 521: 72, 1988.
2. Dardenne M., Pleau J.M., Nabama B., Lefancier P., Denien M., Choay J., Bach J.F. Contribution of zinc and other metals to the biological activity of the serum thymic factor. Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA 79: 5370, 1982
3. Fabris N., Mocchegiani E., Muzzioli M., Imberti R. Thymus-neuroendocrine network. In: Fabris N., Garaci E., Hadden J.W., Mitchison N.A. (Eds.), Immunoregulation. Plenum Press, New York, 1983, p. 341.
4. Roth J.A., Kaeberle M.L., Grier R.L., Hopper J.G., Spiegel H.E., McAllister H.A. Improvement in clinical condition and thymus morphological features associated with growth hormone treatment of immunodeficient dwarf dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 45: 1151, 1984.
5. Pelletier M., Montplaisir S., Dardenne M., Bach J.F. Thymic hormone activity and spontaneous autoimmunity in dwarf mice and their littermates. Immunology 30: 783, 1976.
6. Mocchegiani E., Paolucci P., Balsamo A., Cacciari E., Fabris N. Influence of growth hormone on thymic endocrine activity in humans. Horm. Res. 33: 248, 1990.
7. Travaglini P., Mocchegiani E., De Min C., Re T., Fabris N. Modification of thymulin titers in patients affected with prolonged low or high zinc circulating levels are independent of patients' age. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. (Suppl. 3): 349, 1992.
8. Sowers J.R., Felicetta J.V. Endocrinology of aging. Raven Press, New York, 1988.
9. Fabris N., Mocchegiani E., Amadio L., Zannotti M., Licastro F., Franceschi C. Thymic hormone deficiency in normal ageing and Down syndrome: is there a primary failure of the thymus? Lancet 1: 983, 1984.
10. Goff B.L., Roth J.A., Arp L.H., Incefy G.S. Growth hormone treatment stimulates thymulin production in aged dogs. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 65: 580, 1987.
11. Goya R.G., Gagnerault M.C., Leite De Morales M.C., Savino W., Dardenne M. In vivo effect of growth hormone on thymus function in aging mice. Brain Behaviour Immunity 6: 341, 1992.
12. Penny R., Blizzard R.M., Davis W.J. Sequential study of arginine monochloride and normal saline as stimuli to growth hormone release. Metabolism 19: 165, 1970.
13. Fabris N., Mocchegiani E., Muzzioli M., Piloni S. Recovery of age-related decline of thymic endocrine activity and PHA response by lisine-arginine combination. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 8: 677, 1986.
14. Ban E., Gagnerault M.C., Jammes H., Postel Vinay M.C., Haour F., Dardenne M. Specific binding sites for growth hormone in cultured mouse thymic epithelial cells. Life Sci. 48: 2141, 1991.
15. Timisit J., Savino W., Safieh B., Chanson P., Gagnerault M.C., Bach J.F., Dardenne M. Growth hormone and Insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulate hormonal function and prolileration of thymic epithelial cells. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 75: 183, 1992.
16. Savino W., Dardenne M. Thymic hormone containing cells. VI. Immuno-histologic evidence for the simultaneous presence of thymulin, thymopoietin and thymosin alfa-1 in normal and pathological human thymuses. Eur. J. Immunol. 14: 987, 1984.
17. Chandra R.K. Trace element regulation of immunity and infections. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 4: 5, 1985.
18. Oher G., Bhaumick B., Marvin Bala R. Effect of zinc deficiency on serum somatomedin level and skeletal growth in young rats. Endocrinology 114: 248, 1984.
19. Bach J.F., Dardenne M., Pleau J.M., Bach M.A. Isolation, biochemical characteristics and biological activity of a circulating thymic hormone in the mouse and the human. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. USA 249: 186, 1975.
20. Bach M.A., Beaurain G. Respective influence of thymic serum factor production in young-adult and old mice. Cell, Immunol. 91: 325, 1985.
21. Ogha K., Incefy G.F., Fok K.F., Erickson B.W., Good R.A. Radioimmunoassay for the thymic hormone serum thymic factor (FTS). J. Immunol. Methods 57: 171, 1984.
22. Evenson M.A., Warren B.L. Determination of serum copper and zinc by atomic absorption with use of the graphite cuvette. Clin. Chem. 21: 619, 1975.
23. Hirokawa K., Utsuyama M., Kasai M., Konno A., Kurashima C., Morizumi E. Age-related hypoplasia of the thymus and T-cell system in the Buffalo rat. Virchows Arch. 59: 38, 1990.
24. Abbassi V., Bellanti J.A. Humoral and cell-mediated immunity in growth hormone-deficient children: effect of therapy with human growth hormone. Pediatr. Res. 19: 229, 1985.
25. Rapaport R., Oleske J., Ahdieh H. Effects of human growth hormone on immune functions: in vitro studies on cells of normal and growth-hormone deficient children. Life Sci. 47: 2319, 1987.
26. Rapaport R., Oleske J., Ahdieh H., Solomon S., Delfaus C., Denny T. Suppression of immune function in growth hormone-deficient children during treatment with human growth hormone. J. Pediatr. 109: 434, 1986.
27. Sipponen P., Similia S., Collan Y., Autere T., Herva R. Familial syndrome with panhypopituitarism, hypoplasia of hypophysis and poorly developed sella turcica. Arch. Dis. Child. 53: 664, 1978.
28. Petersen B.H., Rapaport R., Henry D.P., Huseman C., Moore W.V. Effect of treatment with biosynthetic human growth hormone (GH) on peripheral blood lymphocyte population and function in growth hormone-deficient children. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 70: 1756, 1990.
29. Binz K., Joller P., Froesh P., Binz H., Zapf J., Froesh E.R. Repopulation of the atrophied thymus in diabetic rats by insulin-like growth factor I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 3690, 1990.
30. Fabris N. Neuroendocrine-immune aging: an integrative view on the role of zinc. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. USA 719: 353, 1994.
31. Fabris N., Mocchegiani E. Zinc, human diseases and aging. Aging, Clin. Exp. Res. 7: 79, 1995.
32. Fabris N., Mocchegiani E., Albertini G. Psychoendocrine-immune interactions in Down's syndrome: role of zinc. In: Castells S., Wisniewski K.E. (Eds.), Growth hormone treatment in Down's syndrome. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993, p. 203.
33. Mocchegiani E., Provinciali M., Di Stefano G., Nobilini A., Caramia G., Santarelli L., Tibaldi A., Fabris N. Role of the low zinc bioavailability on cellular immune effectiveness in cystic fibrosis. Clin, Immunol. Immunopathol. 75: 214, 1995.
34. Mocchegiani E., Paolucci P., Granchi D., Cavallazzi L., Santarelli L., Fabris N. Plasma zinc level and thymic hormone activity in young cancer patients. Blood 83: 749, 1994.
35. Mocchegiani E., Santarelli L., Bulian D., Fabris N. The effect of growth hormone on thymic function in old age may be mediated by zinc pool. J. Neuroimmunol. 54: 184, 1994 (Abstract).
36. Fabris N., Mocchegiani E. Immunomodulating role of growth hormone. In: Becu B.B., Walker R.F. (Eds.), Growth hormone II, Basic and clinical aspects. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1994, p. 116.