Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss

Drugs of Today

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 63-75

  Thiebaud D ^a  

^a LAUSANNE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALENDRONIC ACID; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CALCITONIN; CALCIUM; CLODRONIC ACID; CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; DINORGESTREL; DROLOXIFENE; DYDROGESTERONE; ESTRADIOL; ESTRADIOL VALERATE; ESTRIOL SUCCINATE; ESTROGEN; ESTRONE SULFATE; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; ETIDRONIC ACID; GESTAGEN; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; MEGESTROL; NORETHISTERONE; PAMIDRONIC ACID; PIPERAZINE ESTRONE SULFATE; RALOXIFENE; TAMOXIFEN; TIBOLONE; TILUDRONIC ACID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BONE ATROPHY; BREAST CANCER; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIET; ENDOMETRIUM CANCER; ETHNOLOGY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; LIPID METABOLISM; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; POSTMENOPAUSE; PREVENTION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SIDE EFFECT; THERAPY; TRANSDERMAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION;

EID: 0029985831     PISSN: 16993993     EISSN: 16994019     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (94)

1. Riggs, B.L., Melton, L.J. Involutional osteoporosis. New Engl J Med 1986, 314: 1676-85.
2. Dempster, D.W., Lindsay, R. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Lancet 1993, 341: 797-801.
3. Lindsay, R. Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Lancet 1993, 341: 801-5.
4. Prince, R.L., Smith, M., Dick, I.M. et al. Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. New Engl J Med 1991, 325: 1189-95.
5. Anonymous. Consensus development conference: Prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis. Amer J Med 1991, 90: 107-10, and 1993, 94: 646-50.
6. Anonymous. Consensus development conference: Prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis. Amer J Med 1991, 90: 107-10, and 1993, 94: 646-50.
7. Black, D.J., Cummings, S.R., Melton, L.J. III. Appendicular bone mineral and a woman's lifetime risk of hip fracture. J Bone Miner Res 1992, 7: 639-46.
8. Wasnich, R.D., Ross, P.D., Heilbrun, L.K., Vogel, J.M. Prediction of postmenopausal fracture risk with use of bone mineral measurements. Amer J Obstet Gynecol 1985, 153: 745-51.
9. Stevenson, J.C., Lees, B., Devenport, M., Cust, M.P., Ganger, K.F. Determinants of bone density in normal women: Risk factors for future osteoporosis. Brit Med J 1989, 298: 924-8.
10. Aloia, J.F., McGowan, D., Erens, E., Miele, G. Determinants of bone mass in postmenopausal women. Arch Int Med 1983, 143: 1700-4.
11. Hui, S.L., Slemenda, C.W., Johnston, C.C. The contribution of bone loss to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporosis Int 1990, 1: 30-4.
12. Christiansen, C., Riis, B.J., Rodbro, P. Prediction of rapid bone loss in postmenopausal women. Lancet 1987, i: 1105-8.
13. Belchetz, P.E. Hormonal treatment of postmenopausal women. New Engl J Med 1994, 330: 1062-71.
14. Sitruk-Ware, R. Estrogen therapy during menopause. Practical treatment recommendations. Drugs 1990, 39: 203-17.
15. Martin, K.A., Freeman, M.W. Postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy. New Engl J Med 1993, 328: 1115-7.
16. Huppert, L.C. Hormonal replacement therapy: Benefits, risk, doses. Med Clin North Amer 1987, 71: 23-39.
17. Kiel, D.P., Felson, D.T., Anderson, J.J., Wilson, P.W.F., Moskowitz, M.A. Hip fracture and the use of estrogens in postmenopausal women. New Engl J Med 1987, 317: 1169-74.
18. Lindsay, R. Hormone replacement therapy for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Amer J Med 1993, 95 (5A): 37-9S.
19. Maxim, P., Ettinger, B., Spitalny, G.M. Fracture protection provided by long-term estrogen treatment. Osteoporosis Int 1995, 5: 23-9.
20. Lindsay, R. Criteria for successful estrogen therapy in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis Int 1993, Suppl. 2: S9-13.
21. Cauley, J.A., Seeley, D.G., Ensrud, K., Ettinger, B., Black, D., Cummings, S.R. Estrogen replacement therapy and fractures in older women. Ann Intern Med 1995, 122: 9-16.
22. Christiansen, C., Christensen, M.S., Transbol, I. Bone mass in postmenopausal women after withdrawal of estrogen/gestagen replacement therapy. Lancet 1981, i: 459-61.
23. Quigley, M.E.T., Martin, P.L., Burnier, A.M., Brooks, P. Estrogen therapy arrests bone loss in elderly women. Amer J Obstet Gynecol 1987, 156: 1516.
24. Felson, D.T., Zhang, Y., Hannan, M.T. et al. The effect of postmenopausal estrogen therapy on bone density in elderly women. New Engl J Med 1993, 329: 1141.
25. Lindsay, R., Tohme, J.F. Estrogen treatment of patients with established osteoporosis postmenopausal osteoporosis. Obstet Gynecol 1990, 76: 290.
26. Barrett-Connor, E. Estrogen and estrogen-progestogen replacement therapy and cardiovascular diseases. Amer J Med 1993, 95 (5A): 40-3S.
27. Sullivan, J.M., Vander-Zwaag, R., Lemp, G.F. et al. Postmenopausal estrogen use and coronary atherosclerosis. Ann Intern Med 1988, 108: 358-63.
28. Barrett-Connor, E., Bush, T.L. Estrogen and coronary heart disease in women. JAMA 1991, 265: 1861-7.
29. Seed, M., Crook, D. Post-menopausalhormone replacement therapy, coronary heart disease and plasma lipoproteins. Curr Opin Lipidiol 1994, 5: 48-58.
30. Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Speizer, F.E., Hennekens, C.H. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. New Engl J Med 1991, 325: 756-62.
31. Henderson, B.E., Paganini-Hill, A., Ross, R.K. Decreased mortality in users of estrogen replacement therapy. Arch Intern Med 1991, 151: 75-8.
32. Bush, T.L., Barrett-Connor, E., Cowna, L.D. et al. Cardiovascular mortality and noncontraceptive use of estrogen in women: Results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-up Study. Circulation 1987, 75: 1102-9.
33. Whitehead, M.I., Fraser, D. The effects of estrogens and progestogens on the endometrium. Obstet Gynecol Clin 1987, 14: 299-306.
34. Ross, R.K., Paganini-Hill, A., Gerkins, V.R. et al. A case-control study of menopausal estrogen therapy and breast cancer. JAMA 1980, 243: 1635-42.
35. Colditz, G.A., Stampfer, M.J., Hennekens, C.H., Rosner, B., Speizer, F.E. Prospective study of estrogen replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. JAMA 1990, 264: 2648-53.
36. Brinton, L.A., Hoover, R.N., Fraumeni, J.F. Menopausal estrogens and breast cancer risk: An expanded case-control study. Brit J Cancer 1986, 54: 825-34.
37. Hoover, R., Gray, L.A., Cole, P. et al. Menopausal estrogens and breast cancer. New Engl J Med 1976, 295: 401-5.
38. Colditz, G.A., Hankinson, S.E., Hunter, D.J. et al. The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. New Engl J Med 1995, 332: 1589-93.
39. Dupont, W.D., Page, D.L. Menopausal estrogen replacement therapy and breast cancer. Arch intern Med 1991, 151: 67-72.
40. Steinberg, K.K., Thacker, S.B., Smith, S.J., Flanders, W.D., Berkelman, R.L. A meta-analysis of the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on the risk of breast cancer. JAMA 1991, 265: 1985-90.
41. Davidson, N.E. Hormone-replacement therapy: Breast versus heart versus bone. New Engl J Med 1995, 332: 1638-9.
42. Tosteson, A.N.A., Rosenthal, D.I., Melton, J. III, Weinstein, M.C. Cost effectiveness of screening perimenopausal white women for osteoporosis: Bone densitometry and hormone replacement therapy. Ann Intern Med 1990, 113: 594-603.
43. Ettinger, B., Genant, H.K., Cann, C.E. Long term estrogen replacement prevents bone loss and fractures. Ann Intern Med 1985, 102: 319-24.
44. Kiel, D.P., Felson, D.T., Anderson, J.J., Wilson, P.W.F., Moskowitz, M.A. Hip fracture and the use of estrogens in postmenopausal women: The Framingham study. New Engl J Med 1987, 317: 1169.
45. Hassager, C., Jensen, S.B., Christiansen, C. Non-responders to hormone replacement therapy for the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss: Do they exist? Osteoporosis Int 1994, 4: 36-41.
46. Abdalla, H.I., Hart, D.M., Lindsay, R. et al. Prevention of bone mineral loss in postmenopausal women by norethisterone. Obstet Gynecol 1985, 66: 789-95,
47. Van Epercum, K.J., Van Berge, G.P., Verschoor, L., Stoelwinder, B. Different hepatobiliary effects of oral and transdermal estradiol in postmenopausal women. Gastroenterology 1991, 100: 482-8.
48. Hillard, T.C., Whitcroft, S.J., Marsh, M.S. et al. Long-term effects of transdermal and oral hormone replacement therapy on postmenopausal bone loss. Osteoporosis Int 1994, 4: 341-8.
49. Rhyner, J., Chapman, M.G., Fogelman, I. Effect of tibolone on postmenopausal bone loss. Osteoporosis Int 1994, 4: 314-9.
50. Chen, H.K., Ke, H.Z., Jee, W.S.S. et al. Droloxifene prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss in tibiae and femora of aged female rats: A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometric and histomorphometric study. J Bone Miner Res 1995, 10: 1256-62.
51. Kanis, J.A., Johnell, O., Gullberg, B. et al. Evidence for efficacy of drugs affecting bone metabolism in preventing hip fracture. Brit Med J 1992, 305: 1124-9.
52. Christiansen, C. Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: A review of current modalities. Bone 1992, 13: S35-9.
53. Chesnut, Ch. III. Osteoporosis and its treatment. New Engl J Med 1992, 326: 406-10.
54. Mosekilde, L. Osteoporosis and exercise. Bone 1995, 17: 193-5.
55. Heinonen, A., Oja, P., Kannus, P. et al. Bone mineral density in female athletes representing sports with different loading characteristics of the skeleton. Bone 1995, 17: 197-203.
56. Kohrt, W.M., Snead, D.B., Slatopolsky, E., Birge, S.J. Additive effects of weight-bearing exercise and estrogen on bone mineral density in older women. J Bone Miner Res 1995, 10: 1303-11.
57. Garn, S.M., Salomon, M.A., Friedl, J. Calcium intake and bone quality in the elderly. Ecol Food Nutr 1985, 10: 131-9.
58. Holbrook, T.L., Barrett-Connor, E., Wingard, D.L. Dietary calcium and risk of hip fracture: A 14 year prospective population study. Lancet 1988, i: 1046.
59. Ettinger, B., Genant H.K., Cann, C.E. Postmenopausal bone loss is prevented by treatment with low-dosage estrogens with calcium. Ann Intern Med 1987, 106: 40-8.
60. Nilas, L., Christiansen, C., Rodbro, P. Calcium supplementation and postmenopausal bone loss. Brit Med J 1985, 10: 131-5.
61. Van Beresteijn, E.C.H., Van Hof, M.A., Schaafsma, G., De Waard, H., Duursma, S.A. Habitual dietary calcium intake and cortical bone loss in perimenopausal women: A longitudinal study. Calcif Tissue Int 1990, 47: 338-44.
62. Dawson-Hughes, B., Dallai, G.E., Krall, E.A., Sadowski, L., Sahyoun, N., Tannenbaum, S. A controlled trial of the effect of calcium supplementation on bone density in postmenopausal women. New Engl J Med 1990, 323: 878-84.
63. Reid, I.R., Ames, R.W., Evans, M.C., Gamble, G.D., Sharpe, S.J. Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. Amer J Med 1995, 98: 331-5.
64. Dawson-Hughes, B. Calcium supplementation and bone loss: a review of controlled clinical trials. Amer J Clin Nutr 1991, 54: 274-80S.
65. Aloia, J.F., Vaswani, A., Yeh, J.K., Ross, P.L., Flaster, E., Dilmanian, A. Calcium supplementation with and without hormone replacement therapy to prevent postmenopausal bone loss. Ann Intern Med 1994, 120: 97-103.
66. Dawson-Hughes, B., Dallai, G.E., Krall, E.A., Harris, S., Falconer, G. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on wintertime and overall bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1991, 115: 505-12.
67. Elders, P.J.M., Netelenbos, J., Lips, P. et al. Calcium supplementation reduces vertebral bone loss in perimenopausal women: A controlled trial in 248 women between 46 and 55 years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991, 73: 533-40.
68. 3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. New Engl J Med 1992, 327: 1637-42.
69. Chapuy, M.C., Arlot, M.E., Delmas, P.D., Meunier, P.J. Effect of calcium and cholecalciferol treatment for three years on hip fractures in elderly women. Brit Med J 1994, 308: 1081-4.
70. 3 and calcium. Clin Endocrinol 1982, 16: 515-20.
71. Gallagher, J.C., Goldgar, D. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with high doses of synthetic calcitriol. Ann Intern Med 1990, 113: 649-55.
72. Tilyard, M.W., Spears, G.F.S, Com, B., Dovey, S. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with calcitriol or calcium. New Engl J Med 1992, 326: 357-62.
73. Ott, S.M., Chesnut, C.H. III. Calcitriol treatment is not effective in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Ann Intern Med 1989, 110: 267-72.
74. MacIntyre, I., Whitehead, M.I., Banks, L.M., Stevenson, J.C., Wimalawansa, S.J., Healy, M.J.R. Calcitonin for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. Lancet 1988, 1: 900-1.
75. Reginster, J.Y. Calcitonin for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Amer J Med 1993, 95 (5A): 44-7S.
76. Reginster, J.Y., Albert, A., Lecart, M.P. et al. 1-year controlled randomised trial of prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss by intranasal calcitonin. Lancet 1987, ii: 1481-3.
77. Gennari, C., Agnusdei, D., Montagnani, M. An effective regimen of intranasal salmon calcitonin in early postmenopausal bone loss. Calcif Tissue Int 1992, 50: 381.
78. Civitelli, R., Gonnelli, S., Zacchei, F. et al. Bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis: Effect of calcitonin treatment. J Clin Invest 1988, 82: 1268-70.
79. Gruber, H.E., Ivey, J.L., Baylink, D.J. et al. Longterm calcitonin therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Metabolism 1984, 33: 295-9.
80. Gennari, C., Chierichetti, S.M., Bigazzi, S. et al. Comparative effects on bone mineral content of calcium and calcium plus calcitonin given in two different regimens in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Curr Ther Res 1985, 38: 455-9.
81. Mazzuoli, G.F., Passeri, M., Gennari, C. et al. Effects of salmon calcitonin in postmenopausal osteoporosis: A controlled double-blind clinical study. Calcif Tissue Int 1986, 38: 3-7.
82. Rico, H., Hernández, E.R., Revilla, M., Gómez-Castresana, F. Salmon calcitonin reduces vertebral fracture rate in postmenopausal crush fracture syndrome. Bone Mineral 1992, 16: 131-5.
83. Thamsborg, G., Storm, T.L. Sykolski, R., Brinch, E., Nielsen, H.R., Sorensen, O.H. Effect of different doses of nasal salmon calcitonin on bone mass. Calcif Tissue Int 1991, 48: 302-5.
84. Overgaard, K., Hansen, M.A., Herss Nielsen, V.A., Riis, B.J., Christiansen, C. Discontinuous calcitonin treatment of established osteoporosis: Effects of withdrawal of treatment. Amer J Med 1990, 89: 1-6.
85. Overgaard, K., Agnusdei, D., Hansen, M.A., Maioli, E., Christiansen, C., Gennari, C. Dose-response bioactivity and bioavailability of salmon calcitonin in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991, 72: 344.
86. Fleisch, H. Bisphosphonates: A new class of drugs in diseases of bone and calcium metabolism. Drugs 1991, 42 (6): 919-44.
87. Papapoulos, S.E. The role of bisphosphonates in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Amer J Med 1993, 95 (5A): 48-52S.
88. Storm, T., Thamsborg, G., Steiniche. T., Genant, H.K., Sorensen, O.H. Effect of intermittent cyclical etidronate therapy on bone mass and fracture rate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. New Engl J Med 1990, 322: 1265-9.
89. Watts, N.B., Harris, S.T., Genant, H.K. et al. Intermittent cyclical etidronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. New Engl J Med 1990, 323: 73-9.
90. Miller, P.D., Neal, B.J., McIntyre, D.O., Yanover, MJ., Anger, M.S., Kowalski, L. Effect of cyclical therapy with phosphorus and etidronate on axial bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Osteoporosis Int 1991, 1: 171-6.
91. Giannini, S., d'Angelo, A., Malvasi, L et al. Effects on one-year cyclical treatment with clodronate on postmenopausal bone loss. Bone 1993, 14: 137-43.
92. Valkema, R., Vismans, F.J.F.E., Papapoulos, S.E., Pauwels, E.K.J., Bijvoet, O.L.M. Maintained improvement in calcium balance and bone mineral content in patients with osteoporosis treated with the bisphosphonate APD. Bone Mineral 1989, 5: 183-9.
93. Thiébaud, D., Burckhardt, P., Melchior, J. et al. Two years' effectiveness of intravenous pamidronate (APD) versus oral fluoride for osteoporosis occurring in the postmenopause. Osteoporosis Int 1994, 4: 76-83.
94. Adami, S., Baroni, M.C., Broggini, M. et al. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with continuous daily oral alendronate in comparison with either placebo or intranasal salmon calcitonin. Osteoporosis Int 1993, Suppl.3: S21-6.