A polysomnographic study of sleep disturbance in community elderly with self-reported environmental chemical odor intolerance

Biological Psychiatry

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 123-133

  Bell, Iris R ^a,b   Bootzin, Richard R ^a   Ritenbaugh, Cheryl ^a   Wyatt, James K ^a   DeGiovanni, Gia ^a   Kulinovich, Tina ^a   Anthony, Jennifer L ^a   Kuo, Tracy F ^a   Rider, Steven P ^a   Peterson, Julie M ^a   Schwartz, Gary E ^a   Johnson, Kathleen A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b SOUTHERN ARIZONA VA HEALTH CARE SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

cacosmia; chemical odor intolerance; dairy; environment; geriatric; REM sleep; shyness; sleep efficiency

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; ODOR; POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REM SLEEP; SELF REPORT; SLEEP DISORDER;

EID: 0029982410     PISSN: 00063223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00330-4     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Antelman SM (1988): Time-dependent sensitization as the cornerstone for a new approach to pharmacotherapy: Drugs as foreign/stressful stimuli. Drug Dev Res 14:1-30.
2. Antelman SM, Eichler AJ, Black CA, Kocan D (1980): Interchangeability of stress and amphetamine in sensitization. Science 207:329-331.
3. Antelman SM, Caggiula AR, Knopf S, Kocan DJ, Edwards DJ (1992): Amphetamine or haloperidol 2 weeks earlier antagonized the plasma corticosterone response to amphetamine: Evidence for the stressful/foreign nature of drugs. Psychopharmacology 107:331-336.
4. Ashford NA, Miller CS (1991): Chemical Exposures. Low Levels and High Stakes. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
5. Bahro M, Riemann D, Stadtmuller G, Berger M, Gattaz WF (1993): REM sleep parameters in the discrimination of probable Alzheimer's disease from old-age depression. Biol Psychiatry 34:482-486.
6. Bell IR (1994a): Neuropsychiatric aspects of sensitivity to low level chemicals: A neural sensitization model. Toxicol Industr Health 10:277-312.
7. Bell IR (1994b): Somatization disorder: Health care costs in the decade of the brain. Biol Psychiatry 35:81-83.
8. Bell IR, Schwartz GE (in submission): The sensitizable individual: Theoretical and practical implications for health psychology.
9. Bell IR, Blair SR, Owens M, Guilleminault C, Dement WC (1976): Post-prandial sleepiness after specific foods in normals [abstract]. Sleep Research 5:41.
10. Bell IR, Miller CS, Schwartz GE (1992): An olfactory-limbic model of multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome: Possible relationship to kindling and affective spectrum disorders. Biol Psychiatry 32:218-242.
11. Bell IR, Schwartz GE, Peterson JM, Amend D (1993a): Self-reported illness from chemical odors in young adults without clinical syndromes or occupational exposures. Arch Environ Health 48:6-13.
12. Bell IR, Schwartz GE, Peterson JM, Amend D, Stini WA (1993b): Possible time-dependent sensitization to xenobiotics: Self-reported illness from chemical odors, foods, and opiate drugs in an older adult population. Arch Environ Health 48:315-327.
13. Bell IR, Schwartz GE, Peterson JM, Amend D (1993c): Symptom and personality profiles of young adults from a college student population with self-reported illness from foods and chemicals. J Am Coll Nutr 12:693-702.
14. Bell IR, Martino GM, Meredith KE, Schwartz GE, Siani MM, Morrow FD (1993d): Vascular risk factors, urinary free cortisol, and health histories in older adults: Shyness and gender interactions. Biol Psychology 35:37-49.
15. Bell IR, Markley EJ, King DS, Asher S, Marby D, Kayne H, Greenwald M, Ogar DA, Margen S (1993e): Polysymptomatic syndromes and autonomic reactivity to nonfood stressors in individuals with self-reported adverse food reactions. J Am Coll Nutr 12:227-238.
16. Bell IR, Amend D, Kaszniak AW, Schwartz GE (1993f): Memory deficits, sensory impairment, and depression in the elderly. Lancet 341:62.
17. Bell IR, Schwartz GE, Amend D, Peterson JM, Stini WA (1994a): Sensitization to early life stress and response to chemical odors in older adults. Biol Psychiatry 35:857-863.
18. Bell IR, Schwartz GE, Amend D, Peterson JM, Kaszniak AW, Miller CS (1994b): Psychological characteristics and subjective intolerance for xenobiotic agents of normal young adults with trait shyness and defensiveness: A Parkinsonian-like personality? J Nerv Ment Dis 182:367-374.
19. Bell IR, Peterson JM, Schwartz GE (1995a): Medical histories and psychological profiles of middle-aged women with and without self-reported illness from environmental chemicals. J Clin Psychiatry 56:151-160.
20. Bell IR, Amend D, Kaszniak AW, Schwartz GE, Peterson JM, Stini WA, Miller JW, Selhub J (1995b): Trait shyness in the elderly: Evidence for an association with Parkinson's disease in family members and biochemical correlates. J Geriatric Psychiatry Neurol 8:16-22.
21. Bell IR, Bootzin RR, Davis T, Hau V, Ritenbaugh C, Johnson KA, Schwartz GE (in press a): Time-dependent sensitization of plasma beta-endorphin in community elderly with self-reported environmental chemical odor intolerance. Biol Psychiatry.
22. Bell IR, Miller CS, Schwartz GE, Peterson JM, Amend D (in press b): Neuropsychiatric and somatic characteristics of young adults with and without self-reported chemical odor intolerance and chemical sensitivity. Arch Environ Health.
23. Bell IR, Wyatt JK, Bootzin RR, Schwartz GE (in submission): Slowed reaction time performance on a divided attention task in cacosmics.
24. Bendig AW (1956): The development of a short form of the Manifest Anxiety Scale. J Consult Psychology 20:384.
25. Black DW, Rathe A, Goldstein RB (1990): Environmental illness. A controlled study of 26 subjects with "20th century disease." JAMA 264:3166-3170.
26. Blass EM, Fitzgerald E (1988): Milk-induced analgesia and comforting in 10-day-old rats: Opioid mediation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 29:9-13.
27. Bliwise DL (1993): Sleep in normal aging and dementia. Sleep 16:40-81.
28. Bootzin RR, Manber R, Perils ML, Salvio M, Wyatt JK (1993): Sleep disorders. In Sutker PB, Adams HE (eds), Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology, 2nd ed. New York: Plenum, pp 531-561.
29. Brezinova V, Oswald I (1972): Sleep after a bedtime beverage. Br Med J 2:431-432.
30. Buchwald D, Garrity D (1994): Comparison of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and multiple chemical sensitivities. Arch Intern Med 154:2049-2053.
31. Burchfiel JL, Duffy FH (1982): Organophosphate neurotoxicity: Chronic effects of sarin on the electroencephalogram of monkey and man. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 4:767-778.
32. Caggiula AR, Antelman SM, Aul E, Knopf S, Edwards DJ (1989): Prior stress attenuates the analgesic response but sensitizes the corticosterone and cortical dopamine responses to stress 10 days later. Psychopharmacology 99:233-237.
33. Cain WS, Gent JF, Goodspeed RB, Leonard G (1988): Evaluation of olfactory dysfunction in the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center. Laryngoscope 98:83-88.
34. Carskadon MA, Dement WC, Mitler MM (1976): Self-reports versus sleep laboratory findings in 122 drug-free subjects with complaints of chronic insomnia. Am J Psychiatry 133: 1382-1388.
35. Cone JE, Sult TA (1992): Acquired intolerance to solvents following pesticide/solvent exposures in a building: A new group of workers at risk for multiple chemical sensitivity. Toxicol Industr Health 8:29-39.
36. Crowne D, Marlowe D (1960): A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. J Consult Psychology 24: 1397-1403.
37. Cullen MR (1987): The worker with multiple chemical sensitivities: An overview. Occup Med State Art Rev 2:655-662.
38. Deroche V, Piazza PV, Casolini P, Maccari S, LeMoal M, Simon H (1992): Stress-induced sensitization to amphetamine and morphine psychomotor effects depend on stress-induced corticosterone secretion. Brain Res 598:343-348.
39. Doty RL, Deems DA, Frye RE, Pelberg R, Shapiro A (1988): Olfactory sensitivity, nasal resistance, and autonomic function in patients with multiple chemical sensitivities. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 114:1422-1427.
40. Edling C, Lindberg A, Ulfberg J (1993): Occupational exposure to organic solvents as a cause of sleep apnoea. Br J Ind Med 50:276-279.
41. Egger J, Stolla A, McEwen LM (1992): Controlled trial of hyposensitization in children with food-induced hyperkinetic syndrome. Lancet 339:1150-1153.
42. Ewing JA (1984): Detecting alcoholism: The CAGE questionnaire. JAMA 252:1905-1907.
43. Fara JW, Rubinstein EG, Sonnenschein RR (1969): Visceral and behavioral responses to intraduodenal fat. Science 166:110-111.
44. Fiedler N, Maccia C, Kipen H (1992): Evaluation of chemically sensitive patients. J Occup Med 34:529-538.
45. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975): "Mini-Mental State": A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12:189-198.
46. Gillin JC, Reynolds CF, Shipley JE (1985): Sleep studies in selected adult neuropsychiatrie disorders. In Hales RE, Frances AJ (eds), Annual Review of Psychiatry, vol 4. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, pp 352-360.
47. Hamel U, Kielwein G, Teschemacher H (1985): B-casomorphin immunoreactive materials in cow's milk incubated with various bacterial species. J Dairy Res 52:139-148.
48. Hooks MS, Jones GH, Neuill DB, Justice JB (1992): Individual differences in amphetamine sensitization: Dose-dependent effects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 41:203-210.
49. Jewett DL, Fein G, Greenberg MH (1990): A double-blind study of symptom provocation to determine food sensitivity. N Engl J Med 323:429-433.
50. Kagan J, Reznick JS, Snidman N (1987): The physiology and psychology of behavioral inhibition in children. Child Dev 58:1459-1473.
51. Kahn A, Francois G, Sottiaux M, Rebuffat E, Nduwimana M, Mozin MJ, Levitt J (1988): Sleep characteristics in milk-intolerant infants. Sleep 11:291-297.
52. Kahn A, Mozin MJ, Rebuffat E, Sottiaux BA, Muller MF (1989): Milk intolerance in children with persistent sleeplessness: A prospective double-blind crossover evaluation. Pediatrics 84:595-603.
53. Kalivas PW, Richardson-Carlson R, van Orden G (1986): Cross-sensitization between foot shock stress and enkephalin-induced motor activity. Biol Psychiatry 21:939-950.
54. Kalivas PW, Sorg BA, Hooks MS (1993): The pharmacology and neural circuitry of sensitization to psychostimulants. Behav Pharmacol 4:315-334.
55. Koldovsky O, Thornburg W (1987): Hormones in milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 6:172-196.
56. Kreiss K (1989): The epidemiology of building-related complaints and illness. Occup Med State Art Rev 4:1218-1221.
57. Lane RD, Merikangas KR, Schwartz GE, Huang SS, Prusoff BA (1990): Inverse relationship between defensiveness and lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorder. Am J Psychiatry 147:573-578.
58. Lindelof B, Almkvist O, Gothe CJ (1992): Sleep disturbance and exposure to organic solvents. Arch Environ Health 47:104-106.
59. Master AM, Lasser RP, Beckman G (1960): Tables of average weight and height of Americans aged 65-94 years. JAMA 172:658-662.
60. May KP, West SG, Baker MR, Everett DW (1993): Sleep apnea in male patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome. Am J Med 94:505-508.
61. Meggs WJ (1993): Neurogenic inflammation and sensitivity to environmental chemicals. Environ Health Perspect 101:234-238.
62. Middaugh DA, Pinney SM, Linz DH (1992): Sick building syndrome. Medical evaluation of two work forces. J Occup Med 34:1197-1203.
63. Miller CS (1994): Chemical sensitivity: History and phenomenology. Toxicol Industr Health 10:253-276.
64. Monstad P, Mellgren SI, Sulg IA (1992): The clinical significance of sleep apnoea in workers exposed to organic solvents: Implications for diagnosis of organic solvent encephalopathy. J Neurol 3:195-198.
65. Morrow LA, Kamis H, Hodgson MJ (1993): Psychiatric symptomatology in persons with organic solvent exposure. J Consult Clin Psychology 61:171-174.
66. Nicholson AN, Pascoe PA (1990): Dopaminergic transmission and the sleep-wakefulness continuum in man. Neuropharmacology 29:411-417.
67. Parker SL, Leznoff A, Sussman GL, Tarlo SM, Krondl M (1990): Characteristics of patients with food-related complaints. J Allergy Clin Immunol 86:503-511.
68. Post RM (1980): Intermittent versus continuous stimulation: Effect of the interval on the development of sensitization or tolerance. Life Sci 26:1275-1282.
69. Post RM (1992): Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 149:999-1010.
70. Randolph TG (1978): Specific adaptation. Ann Allergy 40:333-345.
71. Rechtschaffen A, Kales A (1968): A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques, and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
72. Reynolds CF, Shipley JE (1985): Sleep in depressive disorders. In Hales RE, Frances AJ (eds), Annual Review of Psychiatry, vol 4. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, pp 341-351.
73. Rix KJB, Pearson DJ, Bentley SJ (1984): A psychiatric study of patients with supposed food allergy. Br J Psychiatry 145: 121-126.
74. Rothman K (1986): Modern Epidemiology. Boston: Brown, Little, and Co., pp 147-150.
75. Ryan CM, Morrow LA, Hodgson M (1988): Cacosmia and neurobehavioral dysfunction associated with occupational exposure to mixtures of organic solvents. Am J Psychiatry 145:1442-1445.
76. Simon GE, Katon WJ, Sparks PJ (1990): Allergic to life: Psychological factors in environmental illness. Am J Psychiatry 147:901-906.
77. Simon GE, Daniell W, Stockbridge H, Claypoole K, Rosenstock L (1993): Immunologic, psychological, and neuropsychological factors in multiple chemical sensitivity. A controlled study. Ann Intern Med 19:97-103.
78. Snyder-Keller AM (1991): Striatal c-fos induction by drugs and stress in neonatally dopamine-depleted rats given nigral transplants: Importance of NMDA activation and relevance to sensitization phenomena. Exp Neurol 113:155-165.
79. Sorg BA, Kalivas PW (1991): Effects of cocaine and footshock stress on extracellular dopamine levels in the ventral striatum. Brain Res 559:29-36.
80. Sparks PJ, Daniell W, Black DW, Kipen HM, Altman LC, Simon GE, Terr AI (1994): Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome: A clinical perspective: I. Case definition, theories of pathogenesis, and research needs. J Occup Med 36:718-730.
81. Staudenmayer H, Selner JC (1990): Neuropsychophysiology during relaxation in generalized, universal "allergic" reactivity to the environment: A comparison study. J Psychosom Res 34:259-270.
82. Sugerman AA, Southern DL, Curran JF (1982): A study of antibody levels in alcoholic, depressive, and schizophrenic patients. Ann Allergy 48:166-171.
83. Svedberg J, deHaas J, Leimenstoll G, Paul F, Teschemacher H (1985): Demonstration of B-casomorphin immunoreactive materials in in vitro digests of bovine milk and in small intestine contents after bovine milk ingestion in adult humans. Peptides 6:825-830.
84. Taira T, Hilakivi LA, Aalto J, Hilakivi I (1990): Effect of beta-casomorphin on neonatal sleep in rats. Peptides 11:1-4.
85. Terr AI (1993): Editorial: Multiple chemical sensitivities. Ann Intern Med 119:163-164.
86. Trampus M, Ferri N, Adami M, Ongini E (1993): The dopamine D1 receptor agonists, A68930 and SKF 38393, induce arousal and suppress REM sleep in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 235:83-87.
87. van de Laar MAF, van der Korst JK (1992): Food intolerance in rheumatoid arthritis: I. A double blind, controlled trial of the clinical effects of elimination of milk allergens and azo dyes. Ann Rheum Dis 51:298-302.
88. van de Laar MAF, Aalbers M, Bruins FG, van Dinther-Janssen ACHM, van der Korst JK, Meijer CJLM (1992): Food intolerance in rheumatoid arthritis: II. Clinical and histological aspects. Ann Rheum Dis 51:303-306.
89. Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey MB, Leirer VO (1983): Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 39:37-49.