Risk assessment and prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux

Volumn 89, Issue SPEC. ISSUE I, 1996, Pages 37-49

  Slade, A K B ^b   Camm, A J ^a  

^a ST GEORGE'S UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

arrhythmias; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; risk stratification; sudden death

Indexed keywords

AMIODARONE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; VERAPAMIL;

CARDIOVERSION; CONFERENCE PAPER; DEFIBRILLATOR; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HISTOLOGY; HOLTER MONITORING; HUMAN; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; PATHOGENESIS; PREVENTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SUDDEN DEATH;

AMIODARONE; ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS; ARRHYTHMIA; CARDIAC PACING, ARTIFICIAL; CARDIOMYOPATHY, HYPERTROPHIC; DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC; DEFIBRILLATORS, IMPLANTABLE; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FRANCE; HEART CONDUCTION SYSTEM; HUMANS; MYOCARDIUM; PROGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SURVIVAL RATE;

EID: 0029981706     PISSN: 00039683     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (74)

1. Hallopeau L. Rétrécissement ventriculo-aortique. Gaz Med Paris 1869 , 24 : 683.
2. Liouville H. Rétrécissement cardiaque sous-aortique. Gaz Med Paris 1869 ; 24 : 161.
3. Teare RD. Asymetrical hypertrophy of the heart in young adults. Br Heart J 1958 ; 20 : 1-8.
4. Maron BJ, Epstein SE. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : a discussion of nomenclature. Am J Cardiol 1979 ; 43 : 1242-4.
5. Goodwin JF. The frontiers of cardiomyopathy. Br Heart J 1982 ; 48 : 1-18.
6. Maron BJ, Bonow RO, Cannon RO, Leon MB, Epstein SE. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Interrelations of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and therapy (1). N Engl J Med 1987 ; 316 : 780-9.
7. Maron BJ, Bonow RO, Cannon RO, Leon MB, Epstein SE. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Interrelations of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and therapy (1). N Engl J Med 1987 ; 316 : 844-52.
8. Maron RJ, Roberts WC, McAllister HA, Rosing DR, Epstein SE. Sudden death in young athletes. Circulation 1980 ; 62 : 218-29.
9. Fiddler GI, Tajik AJ, Weldman W, McGoon DC, Ritter DG, Giuliani ER. Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis in the young Am J Cardiol 1978 ; 42 : 793-9.
10. Maron BJ, Lipson LC, Roberts WC, Savage DD, Epstein SE. "Malignant" hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : identification of a subgroup of families with unusually frequent premature death. Am J Cardiol 1978 ; 41 : 1133-40.
11. McKenna WJ, England D, Dol YL, Deanfield JE, Oakley C, Goodwin JF. Arrhythmia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. I : influence on prognosis. Br Heart J 1981 ; 46 : 168-72.
12. Jarcho JA, McKenna W, Pare JA et al. Mapping a gene for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to chromosome 14q1. N Engl J Med 1989 ; 321 : 1372-8.
13. Watkins H, MacRae C, Thierfelder L et al. A disease locus for familial hypertrohic cardiomyopathy maps to chromosome 1q3. Nature Genet 1993 ; 3 : 333-7.
14. Watkins H, MacRae C, Thierfelder L et al. Mutations in the genes for cardiac troponin T and alpha-tropomyosin in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 1995 ; 332 : 1058-64.
15. Watkins H, Rosenzweig A, Hwang DS et al. Characteristics and prognostic implications of myosin missense mutations in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 1992 , 326 : 1108-14.
16. Marian AJ, Mares A Jr, Kelly DP et al. Sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Variability in phenolypic expression of beta-myosin heavy chain mutations Eur Heart J 1995 , 16 : 368-76.
17. Fonanapazir L, Epstein ND. Genotype-Phenotype correlations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : insights provided by comparisons of kindreds with distinct and identical beta-myosin heavy chain mutations. Circulation 1994 ; 89 : 22-32.
18. Solomon SD, Wolff S, Watkins H et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy and morphology in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with mutations of the beta-myosin heavy chain gene. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993 ; 22 : 498-505.
19. Hecht GM, Klues KG, Roberts WC, Moron BJ. Co-existence of sudden cardiac death and end-stage heart failure in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993 ; 22 : 489-97.
20. Davies MJ. The current status of myocardial disarray in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Br Heart J 1984 ; 51 : 361-3.
21. McKenna WJ, Stewart JT, Nihoyannopoulos P, McGinty F, Davies MJ. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without hypertrophy two families with myocardial disarray in the absence of increased myocardial mass. Br Heart J 1990 ; 63 : 287-90.
22. McKenna WJ, Goodwill JF. The natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Curr Probl Cardiol 1981 ; 6 : 1-26.
23. McKenna WJ, Alfonso F. Arrhythmias in the cardiomyopathies and mitral valve prolapse. In : Zipes D, Rowlands D (eds). Progress in Cardiology. Philadelphia : Lea and Febiger, 1988 : 59-75.
24. Maron BJ, Roberts WC, Epstein SE. Sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : a profile of 78 patients. Circulation 1982 ; 66 : 1388-94.
25. McKenna W, Deanfield J, Faruqui A, England D, Oakley C, Goodwin J. Prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : role of age and clinical electrocardiographic and hemodynamic features. Am J Cardiol 1981 ; 47 : 532-8.
26. Frenneaux MP, Counihan PJ, Caforio AL, Chikamori T, McKenna WJ. Abnormal blood pressure response during exercise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1990 ; 82 : 1995-2002.
27. Farrell TG, Paul V, Cripps TR et al. Baroreflex sensitivity and electrophysiological correlates in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1991 ; 83 : 945-52.
28. Counihan PJ, Frenneaux MP, Webb DJ, McKenna WJ. Abnormal vascular responses to supine exercise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1991 ; 84 : 686-96.
29. Sadoul N, Prasad K, Slade AKB et al. Abnormal blood pressure response during exercise is a marker of risk of sudden death in young patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (abstract). Eur Heart J 1995 ; 16 (suppl) : 504.
30. Maron BJ, Savage DD, Wolfson JK, Epstein SE. Prognostic significance of 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : a prospective study. Am J Cardiol 1981 ; 48 : 252-7.
31. Kulakowski P, Counihan PJ, Camm AJ, McKenna WJ. The value of time and frequency domain, and spectral temporal mapping analysis of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram in identification of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at increased risk of sudden death. Eur Heart J 1993 ; 14 : 941-50.
32. Counihan PJ, Fel L, Bashir Y, Farrell TG, Haywood GA, McKenna WJ. Assessment of heart rate variability in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Association with clinical and prognostic features. Circulation 1993 ; 88 : 1682-90.
33. Fei L, Slade AK, Prasad K, Malik M, McKenna WJ, Camm AJ. Is there increased sympathetic activity in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ? J Am Coll Cardiol 1995 ; 26 : 472-80.
34. Nicod P, Polikar R, Peterson KL. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden death. N Engl J Med 1988 ; 318 : 1255-7.
35. Stafford WJ, Trohman RG, Bilsker M, Zaman L, Castellanos A, Myerburg RJ. Cardiac arrest in an adolescent with atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986 ; 7 : 701-4.
36. McKenna W, Harris L, Deanfield J. Syncope in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Br Heart J 1982 ; 47 : 177-9.
37. McKenna WJ, Franklin RC, Nihoyannopoulos P, Robinson KC, Deanfield JE. Arrhythmia and prognosis in infants, children and adolescents with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988 ; 11 : 147-53.
38. Savage DD, Seides SF, Maron BJ, Myers DJ, Epstein SE. Prevalence of arrhythmias during 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring and exercise testing in patients with obstructive and non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1979 ; 59 : 866-75.
39. Robinson K, Frenneaux MP, Stockins B, Karatasakis G, Poloniecki JD, McKenna WJ. Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . a longitudinal study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990 ; 15 : 1279-85.
40. Fananapazir L, Tracy CM, Leon MB et al. Electrophysiologic abnormalities in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A consecutive analysis in 155 patients. Circulation 1989 ; 80 : 1259-68.
41. Fananapazir L, Chang AC, Epstein SE, McAreavey D. Prognostic determinants in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Prospective evaluation of a therapeutic strategy based on clinical, Holter, hemodynamic, and electrophysiological findings. Circulation 1992 ; 86 : 730-40.
42. Kuck KH, Kunze KP, Schluter M, Nienaber CA, Costard A. Programmed electrical stimulation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Results in patients with and without cardiac arrest or syncope. Eur Heart J 1988 ; 9 : 177-85.
43. Borgreffe M, Podczeck A, Breithardt G. Electrophysiological studies in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (abstract). Circulation 1986 ; 74 (suppl II) : 1922.
44. Saumarez RC, Slade AKB, Grace AA, Sadoul N, Camm AJ, McKenna WJ. The significance of paced electrograms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : a prospective study. Circulation 1995 ; 91 : 2762-8.
45. Wellens HJ, Brugada P, Stevenson WG. Programmed electrical stimulation of the heart in patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias : what is the significance of induced arrhythmias and what is the correct stimulation protocol ? Circulation 1985 , 72 : 1-7.
46. Noble D. The initiation of the heartbeat. Oxford : Oxford Universtiy Press, 1979.
47. Saumarez RC, Camm AJ, Panagos A et al. Ventricular fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with increased fractionation of paced right ventricular electrograms. Circulation 1992 ; 86 : 467-74.
48. Jeanrenaud X, Goy JJ, Kappenberger L. Effects of dual-chamber pacing in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Lancet 1992 ; 339 : 1318-23
49. Fananapazir L, Epstein ND, Curiel RV, Panza JA, Tripodi D, McAreavey D. Long term results of dual chamber pacing in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Evidence for progressive symptomatic and hemodynamic improvement and reduction of left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation 1994 ; 90 : 2731-42.
50. Slade AKB, Sadoul N, Shapiro L et al. DDD pacing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : a multicentre clinical experience. Br Heart J (in press).
51. McIntosh CL, Maron BJ. Current operative treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1988 , 78 : 487-95.
52. Bonow RO, Rosing DR, Bacharach SL et al. Effects of verapamil on left ventricular systolic function and diastolic filling in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1981 ; 654 : 787-96.
53. Epstein SE, Rosing DR. Verapamil : its potential for causing serious complications in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1981 ; 64 : 437-41.
54. McKenna WJ, Oakley CM, Krikler DM, Goodwin JF. Improved survival with amiodarone in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia. Br Heart J 1985 ; 53 : 412-6
55. Fananapazir L, Leon MB, Bonow RO, Tracy CM, Canon RO, Epstein SE. Sudden death during empiric amiodarone therapy in symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1991 ; 67 : 169-74.
56. Fananapazir L, Epstein SE. Value of electrophysiologic studies in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treated with amiodarone. Am J Cardiol 1991 ; 67 : 175-82.
57. Fananapazir L, Cropp A. Dofetilide (UK 68, 798) prevents ventricular tachycardia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (abstract). J Am Coll Cardiol 1992 ; 19 : A 224.
58. Cecchi F, Maron BJ, Epstein SE. Long-term outcome of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy successfully resuscitated after cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989 ; 13 : 1283-8.
59. Anderson MH, Camm AJ. Implications for present and future applications of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator resulting form the use of a simple model of cost efficacy. Br Heart J 1993 ; 69 : 83-92
60. Lindemans FW, van Binsbergen E, Connolly D. European PCDTM study. Patients with transvene TM lead systems. Clinical Evaluation Report. Maastricht : Bakken Research Centre 1991.
61. Maron BJ, Merill WH, Freier PA, Ken KM, Epstein SE, Morrow AG. Long-term clinical course and symptomatic status of patients after operation for hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Circulation 1978 ; 57 : 1205-13.
62. Redwood DR, Goldstein RE, Hirshfeld J et al. Exercise performance after septal myotomy and myectomy in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1979 ; 44 : 215-20.
63. Cannon RO, Dilsizian V, O'Gara PT et al. Impact of surgical relief of outflow obstruction on thallium perfusion abnormalities in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1992 ; 85 : 1039-45.
64. Mohr R, Schaff HV, Puga FJ, Danielson GK. Results of operation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in children and adults less than 40 years of age. Circulation 1989 , 80 : 1191-6.
65. Mohr R, Schaff HV, Danielson GK, Puga FJ, Pluth JR, Tajik AJ. The outcome of surgical treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Experience over 15 years. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989 ; 97 : 666-74.
66. Marwick TH, Stewart WJ, Lever HM, Lytle BW, Rosenkranz ER, Duffy CL. Benefits of intraoperative echocardiography in the surgical management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992 ; 20 : 1066-72.
67. Krajcer Z, Leachman RD, Cooley DA, Ostojic M, Coronado R. Mitral valve replacement and septal myomectomy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ten-year follow-up in 80 patients. Circulation 1988 ; 78 ; 135-43
68. Schulte HD, Bircks WH, Loesse B Godehordt EA, Schwartzkopff B. Prognosis of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy after transaortic myectomy. Late results up to twenty-five years J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993 ; 106 : 709-17.
69. Gilgenkrantz J, Cherrier F, Petitier H, Dodinat B, Houplon M, Legoux J. Cardiomyopathie obstructive du ventricule gauche avec bloc auriculo-ventriculaire complet. Considérations thérapeutiques. Arch Mal Cœur 1968 ; 61 : 439-53.
70. Hassenstein P, Storch HH, Schmitz W. Results of electrical pacing in patients with hypertrophic obstruction cardiomyopathy (author's transl). Thoraxchir Vask Chir 1975 ; 23 : 496-8.
71. Duck HJ, Hutscenreiter W, Pankau H, Trenckmann H. Atrial synchronous ventricular stimulation with reduced a.v. delay time as a therapeutic principle in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy Z Gesamte Inn Med 1984 ; 39 : 437-47.
72. McDonald K, McWilliams E, O'Keeffe B, Maurer B. Functional assessment of patients treated with permanent dual chamber pacing as a primary treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 1988 ; 9 : 893-8.
73. Fananapazir L, Cannon RO, Tripodi D, Panza JA. Impact of dual-chamber permanent pacing in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy witn symptoms refractory to verapamil and beta-adrenergic blocker therapy. Circulation 1992 ; 85 : 2149-61.
74. Mohr R, Schaff HV, Danielson GK, Puga FJ, Pluth JR, Tajik AJ. The outcome of surgical treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Experience over 15 years. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989 , 97 : 666-74.