Cytokines, growth factors, and other inflammatory mediators in glomerulonephritis

Renal Failure

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 725-740

  Papayianni, A ^a  

^a Aristotle University of Thessaloniki   (Greece)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR; SOMATOMEDIN C; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

CELL PROLIFERATION; CONFERENCE PAPER; EPITHELIUM CELL; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; GLOMERULUS EPITHELIUM; HUMAN; ICOSANOID METABOLISM; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; INFLAMMATION; KIDNEY INJURY; LIPID PEROXIDATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0029973624     PISSN: 0886022X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/08860229609047702     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (137)

1. Floege J. Johnson RJ: Cytokines in renal inflammation. Curr Opinion Nephrol Hypertens 2:449-457, 1993.
2. Di Giovane FS, Duff GW: Interleukin 1, the first interleukin. Immunol Today 11:13-18, 1990.
3. Dower SK, Kronheim SR, March CJ, et al: Detection and characterization of high affinity plasma membrane receptors for human interleukin 1. J Exp Med 162:501-515, 1985.
4. Bomsztyk K, Sims JE, Stanton TH, et al: Evidence for different IL-1 receptors in T and B cell lines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:8034-8038, 1989.
5. Dinarello CA, Thompson RC: Blocking IL-1: interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro. Immunol Today 12:404-410, 1991
6. Jaattela M: Biologic activities and mechanisms of action of tumor necrosis factor-α/cahectin. Lab Invest 64:724-742, 1991.
7. Le J, Vilcek J: Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1: cytokines with multiple overlapping biological activities. Lab Invest 56:234-248, 1987.
8. Dinarello CA: Interleukin-1 and the pathogenesis of the acute-phase response. N Engl J Med 311:1413-1418, 1984.
9. Bussolino F, Breviario F, Tetta C, et al: Interleukin-1 stimulates platelet-activating factor production in cultured human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 77:2027-2033, 1986.
10. Kawakami M, Ishibashi S, Ogawa H, et al: Cachectin/TNF as well as interleukin-1 induces prostacyclin synthesis in cultured vascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 141:482-487, 1986.
11. Collins T, Lapierre LA, Fiers W, Strominger JL, Pober JS: Recombinant tumor recrosis factor increased mRNA levels and surface expression of HLA-A, B antigens in vascular endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:446-450, 1986.
12. Pober JS, Bevilacqua MP, Mendrick DL, et al: Two distinct monokines, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor, each independently induce the biosynthesis and transient exression of the same antigen on the surface of cultured endothelial cells. J Immunol 136:1680-1687, 1986.
13. Tipping PG, Leong TW, Holdsworth SR: Tumor necrosis factor production by glomerular macrophages in anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis in rabbits. Lab Invest 65:272-279, 1991.
14. Tipping PG, Lowe MG, Holdsworth SR: Glomerular Interleukin 1 production is dependent on macrophage infiltration in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 39:103-110, 1991.
15. Sedor JR, Nakazato Y, Konieczkowski M: Interleukin 1 and the mesangial cell. Kidney Int 41:595-599, 1992.
16. Baud L, Fouqueray B, Phillippe C, Amrani A: Tumor necrosis factor and mesangial cells. Kidney Int 41; 600-603, 1992.
17. Jevnikar AM, Brennan DC, Singer GG, et al: Stimulated kidney tubular epithelial cells express membrane associated and secreted TNF alpha. Kidney Int 40:203-211, 1991.
18. Papayianni A: Adhesion molecules and their relevance in kidney diseases. Hellen Nephrol 5:602-615, 1993.
19. Brady HR: Leukocyte adhesion molecules and kidney diseases. Kidney Int 45:1285-1300, 1994.
20. 2 production is synergistically increased in cultured human glomerular mesangial cells by combinations of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α. J Immunol 143:1989-1995, 1989.
21. 2 inhibits interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α induction of nitric oxide synthase in rat renal mesangial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 175:372-379, 1991.
22. Radeke HH, Meier B, Topley N, et al: Interleukin-la and tumor necrosis factor-α, induce oxygen radical production in mesangial cells. Kidney Int 37:767-775, 1990.
23. Brown Z, Stneter RM, Chensue SW, et al: Cytokine-activated human mesangial cells generate the neutrophil chemoattractant, interleukin-8. Kidney Int 40:86-90, 1991.
24. Rovin BH, Yoshimura T, Tan L: Cytokine-induced production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by cultured human mesangial cells. J Immunol 148:2148-2153, 1992
25. Schmouder RL, Strieter RM, Wiggins RC, et al. In vitro and in vivo interleukin-8 production in human renal cortical ephithelia. Kidney Int 41:191-198, 1992.
26. Heeger P, Wolf G, Meyers C, et al: Isolation and characterization of cDNA from renal tubular epithelium encoding murine Rantes Kidney Int 41:220-225, 1992.
27. Zoja C, Ming Wang J, Bettoni S, et al: Interleukin-1β and tumore necrosis factor-α induce gene expression and production of leukocyte chemotatic factors, colony-stimulating factors, and interleukin-6 in human mesangial cells. Am J Pathol 138:991-1003, 1991.
28. Silver BJ, Jaffer FE, Abboud HE- Platelet-derived growth factor synthesis in mesangial cells: Induction by multiple peptide mitogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:1056-1060, 1989.
29. Torbohm J, Berger B, Schonermark M, et al: Modulation of collagen synthesis in human glomerular epithelial cells by interleukin-1. Clin Exp Immunol 75:427-431, 1989.
30. Richardson CA, Kopp JB, Couser WG, Bomsztyk K: IL-1β and LPS increase laminin B2 chain mRNA and activate NK-kB-like DNA-binding protein in glomerular epithelial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 3:642, 1992.
31. Martin J, Lovett DH, Gemsa D, Sterzel RB, et al: Enhancement of glomerular mesangial cell neutral proteinase secretion by macrophages; role of interleukin-1. J Immunol 137:525-529, 1986.
32. Nawroth PP, Stern DM: Modulation of endothelial cell hemostatic properties by tumor necrosis factor. J Exp Med 163:740-745, 1986.
33. Nawroth PP, Handley DA, Esmon CT, Stern DM: Interleukin-1 induces endothelial cell procoagulant activity while suppressing cell surface anticoagulant activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:3460-3467, 1986.
34. Kishimoto T: The biology of interleukin-6. Blood 74:1-10, 1989.
35. Yamasaki K, Taga T, Hirata Y, et al: Cloning and expression of the human interleukin-6 (BSF-2/IFNb 2) receptor. Science 241:825-828, 1988.
36. Coleman DL, Ruef C: Interleukin-6: an autocrine regulator of mesangial cell growth. Kidney Int 41:604-606, 1992.
37. Pirotzki E, Delattre RM, Hellegouarch A, et al: Interleukin-6 production by tumor necrosis factor and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat renal cells. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 56:271-279, 1990.
38. Muraguchi A, Hirano T, Tang B, et al: The essential role of B Cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2/IL-6) for the terminal differentiation of B cells. J Exp Med 167:332-344, 1988.
39. Piccinini G, Benigni A, Zoja C, et al: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulates gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in bovine mesangial cells in culture. J Am Soc Nephrol 3:641, 1992.
40. Horii Y, Iwano M, Suematsu S, et al: Interleukin-6 and mesangial proliferation: generation and differentiation of IL-6 transgenic mice. In Sakai H, Sakai O, Nomoto Y (eds), Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy. Tokyo, Harcourt Brace Javanovich, 1990, pp 127-143.
41. Bowen-Pope DF, Hart CE, Seifert RA: Sera and conditioned media contain different isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) which bind two different classes of PDGF receptors. J Biol Chem 264:2502-2508, 1989.
42. Ross R: Platelet-derived growth factor. Lancet 1:1179-1182, 1989.
43. Grandaliano G, Barnes JL, Woodruff K, et al: Thrombin stimulates platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) production in cultured bovine glomerular endothelial cells (BG-ENDOS). J Am Soc Nephrol 3:468, 1992.
44. Schultz PJ, DiCorleto PE, Silver BJ, Abboud HE: Mesangial cells express PDGF mRNAs and proliferate in response to PDGF. Am J Physiol 255:F674-F684, 1988.
45. Floege J, Johnson RJ, Alpers CE, et al: Visceral glomerular epithelial cells can proliferate in vivo and synthesize PDGF-B chain. Am J Pathol 142:637-650, 1993.
46. Deuel TF, Senior RM, Huang JS, Griffin GL: Chemotaxis of monocytes and neutrophils to platelet-derived growth factor. J Clin Invest 69:1046-1049, 1982
47. Tzeng DY, Deuel TF, Huang JS, et al: Platelet-derived growth factor promotes polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation. Blood 64:1123-1128, 1984.
48. Berk BC, Alexander RW, Brock TA, et al: Vasoconstriction: a new activity for platelet-derived growth factor. Science 232:87-90, 1986.
49. Sager S, Bosch RJ. Pelayo JC: Distinct modulatory action of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B-chain on the rat renal microcirculation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2:526, 1991.
50. Floege J, Topley N, Hoppe J, et al: Mitogenic effect of platelet-derived growth factor in human glomerular mesangial cells: modulation and/or suppression by inflammatory cytokines. Clin Exp Immunol 86:334-341, 1991.
51. Barnes JL, Hevey KA: Glomerular mesangial cell migration in response to platelet-derived growth factor. Lab Invest 62:379-382, 1990.
52. 2+, and contraction of mesangial cells. Am J Physiol 253:F458-F463, 1987.
53. Lovett DH, Larsen A: Cell cycle-dependent interleukin-1 gene expression by cultured glomerular mesangial cells. J Clin Invest 82:115-122, 1988.
54. Abboud HE, Woodruff KA, Snyder SP, et al: Polypeptide growth factors regulate the production of latent transforming growth factor β1 in human mesangial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2:434, 1991.
55. Doi T, Vlassara H, Kirstein M, et al: Receptor-specific increase in extracellular matrix production in mouse mesangial cells by advanced glycosylation end products is mediated via platelet-derived growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:2873-2877, 1992
56. Border WA, Okuda S, Languino LR, et al: Transforming growth factor-β regulates production of proteoglycans by mesangial cells. Kidney Int 37:689-695, 1990.
57. Floege J, Topley N, Wessel K, et al: Monokines and platelet-derived growth factor modulate prostanoid production in growth arrested, human mesangial cells. Kidney Int 37:859-869, 1990.
58. Abboud HE: Actions of platelet-derived growth factor isoforms in mesangial cells. J Cell Physiol 158:140-150, 1994.
59. Isaka Y, Fujiwara Y, Ueda N, et al: Glomerulosclerosis induced by in vivo transfection of transforming growth factor-β or platelet-derived growth factor gene into the rat kidney. J Clin Invest 92:2597-2601, 1993.
60. Soriano P: Abnormal kidney development and hematological disorders in PDGF β-receptor mutant mice. Genes Develop 8:1875-1896, 1994.
61. Massague J: The transforming growth factor-β family, Annu Rev Cell Biol 6:597-641, 1990.
62. Border WA, Nobel NA. Cytokines in kidney disease: the role of transforming growth factor-β. Am J Kidney Dis 22:105-113, 1993.
63. Kaname S, Uchida S, Ogata E, et al: Autocrine secretion of transforming growth factor-beta in cultured rat mesangial cells. Kidney Int 42:1319-1327, 1992.
64. MacKay K, Striker LJ, Stauffer JW, et al: Tranforming growth factor-β, murine glomerular receptors and responses of isolated glomerular cells. J Clin Invest 83:1160-1167, 1989.
65. Wahl SM, Hunt DA, Wakefield LM, et al: Transforming growth factor type β induces monocyte chemotaxis and growth factor production. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:5788-5792, 1987.
66. Postlethwaite AE, Keski-Oja J, Moses HL, et al: Stimulation of the chemotactic migration of human fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-β. J Exp Med 165:251-256, 1987.
67. Kehrl JH, Wakefield LM, Roberts AB, et al: Production of transforming growth factor-β by human T-lymphocytes and its potential role in the regulation of T-cell growth. J Exp Med 163:1037-1050, 1986.
68. Tsunawaki S, Sporn M, Ding A, et al: Deactivation of macrophages by transforming growth factor-β. Nature 334:260-262, 1988.
69. Roberts AB, Sporn MB, Assoian RK, et al: Transforming growth factor type β: rapid induction of fibrosis and angiogenesis in vivo and stimulation of collagen formation iv vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:4167-4171, 1986
70. 2 analog. Lab Invest 64:16-20, 1991.
71. 2 synthesis in rat renal mesangial cells. Biochem J 270:269-271, 1990.
72. Roberts AB, McCure BK, Sporn MB: TGF-β: regulation of extracellular matrix. Kidney Int 41:557-559, 1992.
73. Nakamura T, Miller D, Ruoslahti E, Border WA. Production of extracellular matrix by glomerular epithelial cells is regulated by trasforming growh factor-β1. Kidney Int 41:1213-1221, 1992.
74. Alvarez RJ, Sun MJ, Haverty TP, et al: Biosynthetic and proliferative characteristics of tubulointerstitial fibroblasts probed with paracrine cytokines. Kidney Int 41.14-23, 1992.
75. Tomooka S, Border WA, Marshall BC, Nobel NA; Glomerular matrix accumulation is linked to inhibition of the plasmin protease system. Kidney Int 41.1462-1469, 1992.
76. Lovett DH, Marti HP, Martin J, Grond J, et al: Transforming growth factor-β1 stimulates mesangial cell synthesis of the 72 KD type IV collagenase independently of TIMP-1. J Am Soc Nephrol 2:578, 1991.
77. Kagami S, Border WA, Ruoslahti E, Noble NA: Coordinated expression of β1 integrins and transforming growth factor-β-induced matrix proteins in glomerulonephritis. Lab Invest 69:68-76,1993.
78. Sedor JR: Cytokines and growth factors in renal injury. Semin Nephrol 12:428-440, 1992.
79. Noronha IL, Niemir Z, Stein H, Waldherr R. Cytokines and growth factors in renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 10:775-786, 1995.
80. Abboud HE: Cytokine mediators in renal inflammation. Curr Opinion Nephrol Hypertens 3:329-333, 1994.
81. Bricio T, Molina A, Mampaso F. Effect of anti-interleukin-1 Ab administration to rats with adriamycin-induced nephrosis. APMIS 100:401-407, 1992.
82. Lan HY, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Zarama M, et al: Suppression of experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis by the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Kidney Int 43:479-485, 1993.
83. Tang WW, Feng L, Vannice JL, Wilsin CB: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist ameliorates experimental antiglomerular basement antibody-associated glomerulonephritis. J Clin Invest 93:273-279, 1994.
84. Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Lan HY, Hill PA, et al: Suppression of experimental glomerulonephritis by the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist: inhibition of intercelular adhesion molecule-1 expression. J Am Soc Nephrol 4:1695-1700, 1994.
85. Hruby ZW, Shirota K, Jothy S, Lowry RP: Antiserum against tumor necrosis factor-alpha and a protease inhibitor reduce immune glomerular injury. Kidney Int 40:43-51, 1991.
86. Mulligan MS, Johnson KJ, Todd RF, et al: Requirements for leukocyte adhesion molecules in nephrotoxic nephritis. J Clin Invest 91:577-587, 1993.
87. Jacob CO, Hwang F, Lewis GD, Stall AM: Tumor necrosis factor alpha in murine systemic lupus erythematosus disease models: implications for genetic predisposition and immune regulation. Cytokine 3:551-561, 1991.
88. Finck BK, Chan B, Wofsy D: Interleukin-6 promotes murine lupus in NZB/NZW F1 mice. J Clin Invest 94:585-591, 1994.
89. Kilberd BA: Interleukin-6 receptor blockade ameliorates murine lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 4:58-61, 1993.
90. Johnson RJ, Raines EW, Floege J, et al: Inhibition of mesangial cell proliferation and matrix expansion in glomerulonephritis in the rat by antibody to platelet-derived growth factor. J Exp Med 175:1413-1416, 1992.
91. Border WA, Okuda S, Languino LR, et al: Suppression of experimental glomerulonephritis by antiserum against transforming growth factor β1. Nature 346:371-374, 1990.
92. Border WA, Noble NA, Yamamoto T, et al: Decorin, a natural inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β protects against scarring in experimental kidney disease. Nature 360:361-364, 1992.
93. Fukui M, Nakamura T, Ebihara I, et al: Low-protein diet attenuates increased gene expression of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-β in experimental glomerular sclerosis. J Lab Clin Med 121:224-234, 1993.
94. Okuda S, Nakamura T, Yamamoto T, et al: Dietary protein restriction rapidly reduces transforming growth factor-β1 expression in experimental glomerulonephritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:9765-9769, 1991.
95. Gomez-Chiarri M, Ortiz A, Lerma JL, et al: Low-protein diet modifies proteinuria and glomerular production of inflammatory mediators in an experimental model of nephrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2:542, 1991.
96. Lianos EA: Eicosanoids in immune-mediated renal injury. Semin Nephrol 12:441-453, 1992.
97. Samuelsson B, Dahlen S-E, Lindgren JA, et al: Leukotrienes and lipoxins: structures, biosynthesis, and biological effects. Science 237:1171-1176, 1987.
98. Marcus AJ: Transcellular metabolism of eicosanoids. Progr Hemost Thromb 8:127-142, 1986
99. Serhan CN: Cell-cell interactions in the generation of eicosanoids: charting the routes and products of transcellular biosynthesis. J Lab Clin Med 121:372-374, 1993.
100. 4 hydroxylase gene expression in cultured glomerular cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 1:443, 1990.
101. Badr KF: Cell-cell interaction in the regulation of glomerular inflammation by arachidonate lipoxygenase products. In Wong PY-K, Serhan CN (eds), Cell-Cell Interactions in the Release of Inflammatory Mediators. New York, Plenum Press, 1991 pp 335-346.
102. Brady HR, Papayianni A, Cerhan CN: Leukocyte adhesion promotes biosynthesis of lipoxygenase products by transcellular routes. Kidney Int 45:S90-S97, 1994.
103. Brady HR, Lamas S, Papayianni A, et al: Lipoxygenase product formation and cell adhesion during neutrophil-glomerular endothelial cell interaction. Am J Physiol 268:F1-F12, 1995.
104. Maclouf J, Murphy RC, Henson PM: Transcellular biosynthesis of sulfidopeptide leukotrienes during receptor-mediated stimulation of human neutrophil/platelet mixtures. Blood 9:1838-1844, 1990.
105. Serhan CN, Sheppard K-A: Lipoxin formation during human neutrophil-platelet interactions. J Clin Invest 85:722-730, 1990.
106. 4 to hpoxins by rat kidney mesangial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 162:626-633, 1989.
107. 4 during adhesion of platelets and neutrophils in experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 47:1295-1302, 1995.
108. Henderson WR Jr: The role of leukotrienes in inflammation. Ann Int Med 121:684-697, 1994.
109. 4 in the rat. Circ Res 54:492-499, 1984.
110. 4 contract rat glomerular mesangial cells. Kidney Int 30:524-531, 1986.
111. 4 on glomerular dynamics in the rat. Am J Physiol 253:F239-F243, 1987.
112. 4 stimulate human endothelial cells to synthesize platelet-activating factor and bind neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:2204-2208, 1986.
113. 2 integrins through distinct actions on neutrophils and endothelial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 5:792, 1994.
114. Brady HR, Persson U, Ballermann BJ, et al: Leukotrienes stimulate neutrophil adhesion to mesangial cells: modulation with lipoxins. Am J Physiol 259.F809-F815, 1990.
115. 4 binds to human glomerular epithelial cells and promotes their proliferation in vitro. J Clin invest 76:374-377, 1985.
116. Rola-Pleszczynski M, Lemaire I: Leukotrienes augment interleukin-1 production by human monocytes. J Immunol 135.3958-3961, 1985.
117. Brady HR, Papayianni A, Serhan CN: Potential vascular roles for lipoxins in the "stop programsof host defence and inflammation. Trends Cardiovasc Med 5:186-192, 1995.
118. 4 inhibit phosphoinositide hydrolysis in human neutrophils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 176:1022-1029, 1990.
119. 4 and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine. Clin Sci 77:195-203, 1989.
120. Katoh T, Takahashi K, DeBoer DK, et al: Renal hemodynamic actions of lipoxins in rats: a comparative physiological study. Am J Physiol 263:F436-F442, 1992.
121. 4 in rat glomerular mesangial cells: evidence for competition at a common receptor. Pro Natl Acad Sci USA 86:3438-3442, 1989.
122. 4 in nephrotoxic serum nephritis in rats. Kidney Int 36:46-50, 1989.
123. Lianos EA, Bresnahan BA, Pan C: Mesangial cell immune injury. Synthesis, origin and role of eiocosanoids J Clin Invest 88:623-631, 1991.
124. Rahman MA, Nakazawa M, Emancipator SN, et al: Increased leukotriene B4 synthesis in immune injured rat glomeruli. J Clin Invest 81:1945-1952, 1988.
125. Lianos EA, Noble B, Hucke B: Glomerular leukotriene synthesis in Heymann nephritis. Kidney Int 36:998-1002, 1989.
126. 4 synthesis: manipulation by (n-6) fatty acid deprivation and cellular origin. J Clin Invest 82:1655-1660, 1988.
127. Lianos EA: Synthesis of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and leukotrienes in rat nephrotoxic serum glomerulonephritis: role of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody dose, complement and neutrophils. J Clin Invest 82:427-435, 1988.
128. Badr KF: Five-lipoxygenase products in glomerular immune injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 3:907-915, 1992.
129. 4 and peptidoleukotrienes in kidneys with experimental imune complex glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 4:627, 1993.
130. Spurney RF, Ruiz P, Pisetsky DS, et al: Enhanced renal leukotriene production in marine lupus: role of lipoxygenase metabolities. Kidney Int 39:95-102, 1991.
131. Spurney RF, Berstein RJ, Klotman PE, et al: Leukotriene production by rejecting rat kidney allografts correlates with renal dysfunction. Clin Res 38:23A, 1990.
132. 4 receptor antagonist. J Clin Invest 81:1702-1709, 1988.
133. 4 mediates proteinuria and glomerular hemodynamic abnormalities in passive Heymann nephritis. J Clin Invest 91:1507-1515, 1993.
134. 4 in normal and glomerulonephritic kidneys. J Am Soc Nephrol 2:45-56, 1991.
135. Fischer D, Takahashi K, Ebert J, Badr KF: Limited early therapy with a novel 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) activating protein (FLAP) antagonist, MK 886, during heterologous rat nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis totally prevents proteinuria in the autologous phase. J Am Soc Nephrol 1:628, 1990.
136. Albrightson CR, Short B, Dytko G, et al: Selective inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase attenuates glomerulonephritis in the rat. Kidney Int 45:1301-1310, 1994.
137. 4 generation during nephrotoxic serum nephritis in P-selectin deficient mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 6:880, 1995.