Infrared spectra of U.S. automobile original topcoats (1974-1989): I. Differentiation and identification based on acrylonitrile and ferrocyanide C≡N stretching absorptions

Journal of Forensic Sciences

Volumn 41, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 376-392

  Suzuki, Edward M ^a,b  

^a Washington State Patrol   (United States)

^b Washington State Crime Laboratory   (United States)

Author keywords

acrylonitrile absorptions; criminalistics; ferrocyanide absorptions; forensic science; infrared spectroscopy; paint analysis; spectroscopic analysis; U.S. automobile paints

Indexed keywords

ACRYLONITRILE; FERRIC FERROCYANIDE; ISOCYANATE; PAINT; POLYURETHAN;

ARTICLE; CAR; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0029971925     PISSN: 00221198     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1520/jfs13924j     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Tippet CF. Car distribution statistics and the hit-and-run driver. Med Sci Law 1964;4:91-7.
2. Deaken D. Automotive body primers: their application in vehicle identification. J Forensic Sci 1975;20:283-87.
3. Gothard JA. Evaluation of automobile paint flakes as evidence. J Forensic Sci 1976;21:636-41.
4. Cartwright NS, Rodgers PG. A proposed data base for the identification of automotive paint. Can Soc Forensic Sci J 1976;9:145-54.
5. Ryland SG, Kopec RJ. The evidential value of automobile paint chips. J Forensic Sci 1979;24:140-47.
6. Ryland SG, Kopec RJ, Somerville PN. The evidential value of automobile paint. Part II: Frequency of occurrence of topcoat colors. J Forensic Sci 1981;26:64-74.
7. Audette RJ, Percy RFE. A rapid, systematic, and comprehensive classification system for the identification and comparison of motor vehicle paint samples. I: The nature and scope of the classification system. J Forensic Sci 1979;24:790-807.
8. Audette RJ, Percy RFE. A rapid, systematic, and comprehensive classification system for the identification and comparison of motor vehicle paint samples. II: Paint data collected from Chrysler-manufactured cars. J Forensic Sci 1982;27:622-70.
9. Percy RFE, Audette RJ. Automotive repaints: just a new look? J Forensic Sci 1980;25:189-239.
10. Norman EWW, Cameron R, Cartwright LJ, Cartwright NS, Clark WH, MacDougall DA. The classification of automotive paint primers using infrared spectroscopy - a collaborative study. Can Soc Forensic Sci J 1983;16:163-73.
11. Cartwright LJ, Cartwright NS, Norman EWW, Cameron R, MacDougall DA, Clark WH. The classification of automotive paint primers using the Munsell color coordinate system - a collaborative study. Can Soc Forensic Sci 1984;17:14-8.
12. Buckle J, Fung T, Ohashi K. Automotive topcoat colors: occurrence frequencies in Canada. Can Soc Forensic Sci J 1987;20:45-56.
13. Volpe GG, Stone HS, Rioux JM, Murphy KJ. Vehicle topcoat colour and manufacturer: frequency distribution and evidential significance. Can Soc Forensic Sci J 1988;21:11-8.
14. Stone HS, Murphy KJ, Rioux JM, Stuart AW. Vehicle topcoat colour and manufacturer: frequency distribution and evidential significance. Part n. Can Soc Forensic Sci J 1991;24:175-85.
15. Heilman WR, Nondestructive infrared and x-ray diffraction analyses of paints and plastics. J Forensic Sci 1960;5:338-45.
16. Denton S. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectra - some applications in forensic science. J Forensic Sci Soc 1965;5:112-14.
17. O'Neill LA. Analysis of paints by infra red spectroscopy. Med Sci Law 1967;7:145-47.
18. Cleverley B. Comparison of plastic materials and paint films using infra red spectroscopy. Med Sci Law 1967;7:148-52.
19. Smalldon KW. The identification of paint resins and other polymeric materials from the infra red spectra of their pyrolysis products. J Forensic Sci Soc 1969;9:135-40.
20. Tweed FT, Cameron R, Deak JS, Rodgers PG. The forensic microanalysis of paints, plastics, and other materials by an infrared diamond cell technique. Forensic Sci 1974;4:211-18.
21. Rodgers PG, Cameron R, Cartwright NS, Clark WH, Deak JS, Norman EWW. The classification of automotive paint by diamond window infrared spectrophotometry. Parts I, II, and III. Can Soc Forensic Sci 1976;9:1-14,49-68,103-11.
22. Cartwright LJ, Cartwright NS, Rodgers PG. A microtome technique for sectioning multilayer paint samples for microanalysis. Can Soc Forensic Sci J 1977;10:7-12.
23. Ferraro JR, Basile LJ. The diamond anvil cell as a sampling device in IR. Am Laboratory 1979;11:31-36.
24. Krishnan K, Hill SL, Brown RH. FTIR spectroscopy using diffuse reflectance and a diamond cell. Am Laboratory 1980;12:104-14.
25. Raaschou-Nielson HK. Forensic analysis of coatings. J Coatings Technol 1984;56(718):21-32.
26. Burke P, Curry CJ, Davies LM, Cousins DR. A comparison of pyrolysis mass spectrometry, pyrolysis gas chromatography and infra-red spectroscopy for the analysis of paint resins. Forensic Sci Int 1985;28:201-19.
27. Shearer JC, Peters DC, Kubic TA. Forensic microanalysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Trends Anal Chem 1985;4:246-51.
28. Wilkinson JM, Locke J, Laing DK. The examination of paints as thin sections using visible microspectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared microscopy. Forensic Sci Int 1988;38:43-52.
29. Beauchaine JP, Peterman JW, Rosenthal RJ. Applications of FT-ER/microscopy in forensic analysis. Mikrochim Acta 1988;1:133-38.
30. Schiering DW. A beam condenser/miniature diamond anvil cell accessory for the infrared microspectrometry of paint chips. Appl Spectrosc 1988;42:903-6.
31. Cassista AR, Sandercock PML. Comparison and identification of automotive topcoats: microchemical spot tests, microspectrophotometry, pyrolysis - gas chromatography, and diamond anvil cell FTIR. Can Soc Forensic Sci J 1994;27:209-23.
32. Suzuki EM. Forensic science applications of diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS): IV. Direct analysis of metallic paints - sampling considerations. J Forensic Sci 1989;34: 164-79.
33. Suzuki EM, Brown JA. Forensic science applications of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS): V. Direct analysis of metallic paints - screening of panels. J Forensic Sci 1989;34:180-96.
34. Compton S, Powell J. Forensic applications of IR microscopy. Am Lab 1991;23:41-51.
35. Harrick NJ, Milosevic M, Berets SL. Advances in optical spectroscopy: the ultra-small sample analyzer. Appl Spectr 1991;45:944-48.
36. Tillman WL. Automotive paint systems identification. In: Proc Int Symp Forensic Aspects of Trace Evidence; 1991 June; Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office: 123-52.
37. Bixby J, Schmierbach D, Howard M. Micro-FTIR analysis of paints. In: Proc Int Symp Forensic Aspects of Trace Evidence; 1991 June; Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 217.
38. Allen TJ. Paint sample presentation for Fourier transform infrared microscopy. Vibrational Spectroscopy 1992;3:217-37.
39. Bartick EG, Tungol MW. Infrared microspectroscopy and its forensic applications. In: Saferstein R, editor. Forensic science handbook, Vol. 3. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Regents/Prentice Hall, 1993:196-252.
40. Ryland SG. Infrared microspectroscopy of forensic paint evidence. In: Humecki H, editor. Practical guide to infrared microspectroscopy. NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1995;163-243.
41. Lin-Vien D, Bland BJ, Spence VJ. An improved method of using the diamond anvil cell for infrared microprobe analysis. Applied Spectroscopy 1990;40:1227-28.
42. Suzuki EM. Fourier transform infrared analyses of some particulate drug mixtures using a diamond anvil cell with a beam condenser and an infrared microscope. J Forensic Sci 1992;37:467-87.
43. Reference collection of automotive paints technical data. Collaborative Testing Services Inc., Herndon, VA, Sept. 1989.
44. Palmer RE. The national automotive paint file in the FBI laboratory. In: Proc Int Symp Analysis and Identification of Polymers; 1984 July; Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 111.
45. -1) Fourier transform spectrometer. J Forensic Sci 1996;41:199-212.
46. Suzuki EM, Gresham WR. Forensic science applications of diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS): I. Principles, sampling methods, and advantages. J Forensic Sci 1986;31:931-52.
47. Shearer JC, Peters DC. Fourier transform infrared microspectrophotometry as a failure analysis tool. In: Roush PB, editor. The design, sample handling, and applications of infrared microscopes. Philadelphia: ASTM, 1987;27-38.
48. Nylen P, Sunderland E. Modern surface coatings. London: InterScience, 1965.
49. The oil and colour chemists' association, Australia. Surface coatings Vol. 1 - Raw materials and their usage. 2nd ed. Randwick, Australia: Tafe Educational Books, 1983.
50. The oil and colour chemists' association, Australia. Surface coatings Vol. 2 - Paints and their applications. 2nd ed, Randwick, Australia: Tafe Educational Books, 1984.
51. McBane BN. Federation series on coating technology: automotive coatings. Philadelphia: Federation of Societies for Coating Technology, 1987.
52. Williams RA. Federation series on coatings technology unit 25: automotive finishes. Philadelphia: Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 1977.
53. Stewart WD Jr. Pyrolysis - gas Chromatographic analysis of automobile paints. J Forensic Sci 1974;19:121-29.
54. Morgans WM. Outlines of paint technology. 3rd ed. NY: Halsted Press, 1990.
55. Crown DA. The forensic examination of paints and pigments. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL: 1968.
56. Suzuki EM, Gresham WR. Forensic science applications of diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS): III. Direct analysis of polymeric foams. J Forensic Sci 1987;32:377-95.