Environmental processes mediated by iron-reducing bacteria

Current Opinion in Biotechnology

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 287-294

  Fredrickson, James K ^a   Gorby, Yuri A ^a  

^a PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FERRIC ION; IRON; METAL; MINERAL; RADIOISOTOPE;

ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; BACTERIUM; BIOTECHNOLOGY; ECOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PHYLOGENY; POLLUTION CONTROL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEDIMENT; SOIL POLLUTION;

EID: 0029970030     PISSN: 09581669     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0958-1669(96)80032-2     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Lovley DR: Dissimilatory Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction. Microbiol Rev 1991, 55:259-287.
2. Lovley DR: Dissimilatory metal reduction. Annu Rev Microbiol 1993, 47:263-290.
3. Nealson K, Saffarini D: Iron and manganese In anaerobic respiration: environmental significance, physiology, and regulation. Annu Rev Microbiol 1994, 48:311-343.
4. Lovley DR, Giovannoni SJ, White DC, Champine JE, Phillips EJP, Gorby YA, Goodwin S: Geobacter metallireducens gen. nov. sp. nov., a microorganism capable of coupling the complete oxidation of organic matter to the reduction of iron and other metals. Arch Microbiol 1993, 159:336-344.
5. Myers CR, Nealson KH: Bacterial manganese reduction and growth with manganese oxide as the sole electron acceptor. Science 1988, 240:1319-1321.
6. Roden ER, Lovley DR: Dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction by the marine microorganism Desulfuromonas acetooxidans. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993, 59:734-742.
7. Coates JD, Lonergan DJ, Philips JP, Jenter H, Lovley DR: Desulfuromonas palmitatis sp. nov., a marine dissimilatory Fe(III) reducer that can oxidize long-chain fatty acids. Arch Microbiol 1995, 164:406-413.
8. Lovley DR, Phillips EJP, Lonergan DJ, Widman PK: Fe(III) and S-O reduction by Pelobacter carbinolicus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995, 61:2132-2138. Pelobacter is closely related to the known DIRB Desulfuromonas and Geobacter. In this report, it is shown, for the first time, to be capable of growth using Fe(III) as an electron acceptor for respiration. The ability to use Fe(III) as a terminal electron acceptor is a unifying physiological feature of this branch of the delta Proteobacteria that contains all three of these genera.
9. Lonergan DJ, Jenter HL, Coates JD, Phillips EJP, Schmidt TM, Lovley DR: Phylogenetic analysis of dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria. J Bacteriol 1996, 178:2402-2408.
10. Caccavo F, Blakemore RP, Lovley DR: A hydrogen-oxidizing, Fe(III)-reducing microorganism from the Great Bay Estuary, New-Hampshire. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992, 58:3211-3216.
11. DiChristina TJ, Delong EF: Design and application of rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes for the dissimilatory iron-reducing and manganese-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993, 59:4152-4160.
12. Rossello-Mora RA, Ludwig W, Kèmpfer P, Amann R, Schleifer KH: Ferrimonas balearica gen. nov., spec. nov., a new marine facultative Fe(III)-reducing bacterium. Syst Appl Microbiol 1995, 18:196-202.
13. Laverman AM, Blum JS, Schaefer JK, Phillips EJP, Lovley DR, Oremland RS: Growth of strain SES-3 with arsenate and other diverse electron acceptors. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995, 61:3556-3561.
14. Liesack W, Bak F, Kreft J, Stackebrandt E: Holophaga foetida gen. nov., sp. nov., a new, homoacetogenic bacterium degrading methoxylated aromatic compounds. Arch Microbiol 1994, 162:85-90.
15. Boone DR, Liu Y, Zhao Z-J, Balkwill DL, Drake GR, Stevens TO, Aldrich HC: Bacillus infernus sp. nov., a Fe(III)- and Mn(IV)-reducing anaerobe from the deep terrestrial subsurface. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1995, 45:441-448. B. infernus, a thermophillic bacterium that can grow with oxidized iron or manganese as the sole electron acceptor, is isolated from core samples obtained at a depth of 2700m beneath the Earth's surface near Taylorsville, Virginia, USA. B. infernus is currently the only strictly anaerobic species in the genus Bacillus.
16. Lovley DR, Phillips EJP: Competitive mechanisms for inhibition of sulfate reduction and methane production in the zone of ferric iron reduction in sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 1987, 53:2636-2641.
17. Lovley DR, Goodwin S: Hydrogen concentration as an indicator of the predominant terminal electron-accepting reactions in aquatic environments. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 1988, 52:2993-3003.
18. Chapelle FH, McMahon PB, Dubrovsky NM, Fujii RF, Oaksford ET, Vroblesky DA: Deducing the distribution of terminal electron-accepting processes in hydrologically diverse groundwater systems. Water Resource Res 1995, 31:359-371.
19. 2 in anaerobic soils, resulting in partial inhibition of methanogenesis. Despite the successful culturing of DIRB capable of growing on acetate from these same soils they are, in contrast, unable to compete successfully with methanogens for acetate. These types of interaction warrant further mechanistic investigation as they are inconsistent with earlier published results.
20. Achtnich C, Bak F, Conrad R: Competition for electron donors among nitrate reducers, ferric iron reducers, sulfate reducers, and methanogens in anoxic paddy soil. Biol Fert Soils 1995, 19:65-72.
21. Phillips EJP, Lovley DR, Roden EE: Composition of nonmicrobially reducible Fe(III) in aquatic sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993, 59:2727-2729.
22. Arnold RG, DeChristina TJ, Hoffman MR: Reductive dissolution of Fe(III) oxides by Pseudomonas sp. 200. Biotechnol Bioeng 1988, 32:1081-1096.
23. DiChristina TJ: Bioextraction (reductive dissolution) of iron from low-grade iron ores. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994, 721:440-449.
24. Roden EE, Zachara JM: Microbial reduction of crystalline Fe(III) oxides: Influence of oxide surface area and potential for cell growth. Environ Sci Technol 1996, 30:1618-1628. The rate and extent of reduction of the crystalline iron oxide goethite by S. alga BrY is shown to be a function of the mineral surface area and site concentration. S. alga coupled growth to reduction of goethite and thus is the first example of a pure culture that can readily reduce crystalline iron oxide.
25. Kostka JE, Nealson KH: Dissolution and reduction of magnetite by bacteria. Environ Sci Technol 1995, 29:2535-2540. Magnetite is a mixed valence iron oxide that has been considered to be recalcitrant to biological reduction. In this study, energy gain from the reduction of Fe(III) associated with magnetite is shown to be thermodynamically feasible under slightly acidic conditions; S. putrefaciens was capable of growth in the pH range of 5-6 and could reduce magnetite Fe(III). This is the first demonstration of the microbial reduction of magnetite coupled to growth and respiration.
26. Kostka JE, Nealson KH, Wu J, Stucki JW: Reduction of the structural Fe(III) in smectite by a pure culture of the Fe-reducing bacterium, Shewanelle putrefaciens strain MR-1. Clays Clay Miner 1996, in press.
27. Gorby YA, Amonette JE, Fruchter JS: Remediation of subsurface materials by a metal-reducing bacterium. In Proceedings of the 33rd Hanford Life Sciences Symposium on Health and the Environment - In Situ Remediation: The Scientific Basis for Current and Future Technologies. Edited by Gee GW, Wing NR. Richland: Battelle Press; 1995:233-248.
28. Heron G, Christensen TH, Tjell JC: Oxidation capacity of aquifer sediments. Environ Sci Technol 1994, 28:153-158.
29. Heron G, Christensen TH: Impact of sediment-bound iron on redox buffering in a landfill leachate polluted aquifer (Vejen, Denmark). Environ Sci Technol 1995, 29:187-192. After 15 years of exposure to a landfill leachate plume, the pool of Fe(III) oxides is reported to be essentially depleted in a Danish aquifer. The predominant mass of Fe(II) remains in association with the solid phase either as pyrite or a poorly defined 5 N HCI extractable fraction. Thus, iron oxides can constitute a sizable pool for oxidizing organic contaminants in situ, but once reduced the Fe(II) in the solid phase can act as a considerable buffer against oxidation.
30. Lovley DR, Phillips EJP: Availability of ferric iron for microbial reduction in bottom sediments of the freshwater tidal Potomac River. Appl Environ Microbiol 1986, 52:751-757.
31. ••] and their contribution to the reduction of Fe(III) oxides. Synthetic iron oxides, as well as naturally occurring sediment-bound oxides, are reduced by enrichment cultures obtained from the aquifer.
32. Lovley DR, Baedecker MJ, Lonergan DJ, Cozzarelli IM, Phillips EJP, Siegal DI: Oxidation of aromatic contaminants coupled to microbial iron reduction. Nature 1989, 339:297-299.
33. Lovley DR, Lonergan DJ: Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and r-cresol by the dissimllatory iron-reducing organism, GS-15. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990, 56:1858-1864.
34. Lyngkilde J, Christensen TH: Fate of organic contaminants in the redox zones of a landfill leachate pollution plume (Vejen, Denmark). J Contam Hydrol 1992, 10:273-289.
35. Lovley DR, Woodward JC, Chapelle FH: Stimulated anoxic biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons using Fe(III) ligands. Nature 1994, 370:128-131. Oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons associated with fuels can potentially be coupled to microbial Fe(III) reduction. Yet, this process occurs only slowly or not at all in some contaminated aquifers. These authors show that the addition of iron-complexing ligands, such as NTA, is very effective in stimulating the anaerobic biodegradation of benzene and toluene. This concept has considerable potential for in situ bioremediation applications.
36. Kazumi J, Haggblom MM, Young LY: Degradation of monochlorinated and nonchlorinated aromatic compounds under iron-reducing conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995, 61:4069-4073. Phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, and 4-chlorophenol as well as benzoate and 3-chlorobenzoate, but nol the 2-chloro or 4-chloro isomers, are shown to be degraded by Fe(III)-reducing sediment enrichment cultures Although G. metallireducens can degrade phenol and benzoate, it cannot degrade any of their monochlorinated isomers. These results demonstrate that the catabolism of chlorinated aromatic compounds can be coupled to dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction.
37. Picardal FW, Arnold RG, Couch H, Little AM, Smith ME: Involvement of cytochromes in the anaerobic biotransformation of tetrachlormethane by Shewanells putrefaciens 200. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993, 59:3763-3770.
38. -, but not by Fe(III), fumarate or trimethylamine oxide. These results allow the development of a model of electron transport in this organism and indicate that bioremediation of chlorinated aliphatics by DIRB is feasible, even at sites with significant amounts of iron minerals.
39. Heijman CG, Holliger C, Glaus MA, Schwarzenbach, Zeyér J: Abiotic reduction of 4-chloronitrobenzene to 4-chloroaniline in a dissimilatory iron-reducing enrichment culture. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993, 59:4350-4353.
40. Heijman CG, Grieder E, Holliger C, Schwarzenbach RP: Reduction of nitroaromatic compounds coupled to microbial iron reduction in laboratory aquifer columns. Environ Sci Technol 1995, 29:775-763. The reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to their respective amino compounds is observed in anaerobic aquifer sediments where microbial Fe(III) reduction is active. Long-term nitroaromatic reduction activity is found to be dependent on biological activity, but reaction rates increased more than one order of magnitude over the temperature range from 25°C to 65°C, indicating the initial reactions are abiotic. This led to the proposal that surface-bound Fe(II) generated as a result of microbial iron reduction participates directly in the reduction of a nitroaromatic compounds, a result consistent with previous studies on the reductive dechlorination of CT by mineral-associated Fe(II).
41. Klausen J, Trober SP, Haderlein SB, Schwarzenbach RP: Reduction of substituted nltrobenzenes by Fe(II) in aqueous mineral suspensions. Environ Sci Technol 1995, 29:2396-2404.
42. Gorby YA, Lovley DR: Enzymatic uranium reduction. Environ Sci Technol 1992, 26:205-207.
43. Lovley DR, Phillips EJP: Bioremediation of uranium contamination with enzymatic uranium reduction. Environ Sci Technol 1992, 26:2228-2234.
44. Phillips EJP, Landa ER, Lovley DR: Remediation of uranium contaminated soils with bicarbonate extraction and microbial U(VI) reduction. J Ind Microbiol 1995, 14:203-207.
45. 2 is unknown and reduced Pu(III) could not be detected, these results are of general importance because they suggest the solubilization of metals and radionuclides by DIRB may be feasible for the treatment of contaminated waters and sediments.
46. 226Ra from uranium mill tailings by microbial Fe(III) reduction. Appl Geochem 1996, 6:647-652.
47. 3 of Desulfovibrio vulgaris. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993, 59:3572-3576.
48. 2 has several advantages over the use of other Cr(VI)-reducing microorganisms, such as Enterobacter, for the treatment of chromium-contaminated waters.