Primary care management of adolescent sexual behavior

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 442-448

  Ellen, Jonathan M ^a   Irwin Jr , Charles E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LEVONORGESTREL; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHLAMYDIASIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONDOM; FEMALE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENITAL TRACT INFECTION; HEADACHE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INTRAMUSCULAR DRUG ADMINISTRATION; NAUSEA; ORAL CONTRACEPTION; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; VOMITING;

EID: 0029962558     PISSN: 10408703     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00008480-199610000-00004     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Elster AB, Kuznets NJ: AMA Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services (GAPS): Recommendations and Rationale. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1994.
2. Green M: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Arlington: National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health; 1994.
3. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Guide to Clinical Services, edn 2. Alexandria: International Medical Publishing; 1996. The most up-to-date, comprehensive guide to preventive health services delivery.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Trends in sexual risk behavior among high school students: United States, 1990, 1991, and 1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995, 44:124-125.
5. Kahn L, Warren CW, Harris WA, Collins JL, Douglas KA, Collins ME, Williams BI, Ross JG, Kolbe LJ: Youth risk behavior surveillance: United States, 1993. J School Health 1995, 65:163-171.
6. Caterbury RJ, McGarvey EL, Sheldon-Keller A, Waite D, Reams P, Koopman C: Prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors and STDs among incarcerated adolescents. J Adolesc Health 1995, 17:173-177.
7. Mosciski AB, Millstein SG, Broering J, Irwin CE Jr: Adolescents' beliefs and behaviors concerning sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS. J Adolesc Health 1988, 9:261-265.
8. Haverkos HW, Bukowski WJ, Amsel Z: The initiation of male homosexual behavior. JAMA 1989, 262:501-505.
9. Remifedi G: Predictors of unprotected intercourse among gay and bisexual youth: knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Pediatrics 1994, 94:163-168.
10. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Division of STD Prevention: Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 1994. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1995.
11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service: HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report 1995. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1995.
12. St. Louis ME, Conway G, Haymen CR, Miller C, Peterson LR, Dondero TJ: Human immunodeficiency virus infection in disadvantaged adolescents: findings from Job Corps. JAMA 1991, 266:2387-2391.
13. Sweeney P, Lindegren ML, Buehler JW, Onorato I, Janssen RS: Teenagers at risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995, 149:521-528. This study presents the findings of a CDC anonymous serosurvey of adolescents attending medical clinics, STD clinics, clinics in juvenile detention centers, and homeless youth centers in 24 cities. The study was conducted between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 1992 and involved specimens and behavioral data collected from youth in whom serum samples were drawn as part of routine medical care. This study represents the most recent best estimate of the seroprevalence of HIV in adolescents. Median seroprevalence rates are stratified by clinical setting, city, race and ethnicity, gender, and exposure category.
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. State-specific pregnancy and birth rates among teenagers: United States, 1991-1992. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995, 44:677-684.
15. Cheng TL, Savageau JA, Sattler AL, DeWitt TG: Confidentiality of health care: a survey of knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes among high school students. JAMA 1993, 269:1404-1407.
16. Seigal RM, Schubert CJ, Myers PA, Shapiro RA: The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in children and adolescents evaluated for sexual abuse in Cincinnati: rationale for limited testing in prepubertal girls. Pediatrics 1995, 96:1090-1094. In this study, researchers demonstrated that STDs are prevalent (14%) among victims of sexual abuse or rape.
17. Orr DP, Langefeld CD, Katz BP, Caine VA: Behavioral intervention to increase condom use among high risk female adolescents. J Pediatr 1996, 128:288-295. In this study, 209 women positive for chlamydia were randomly assigned to a control group (standard HIV education) or experimental group (skill building exercises); both conditions lasted 10 to 20 minutes. Approximately half returned for follow-up at 6 months. The experimental group had higher rates of condom use at 6 months. There was no difference between groups in rates of reinfection with chlamydia.
18. St. Lawrence JS, Jefferson KW, Alleyne E, Brasfield TL: Comparison of education versus behavioral skills training interventions in lowering sexual HIV-risk behavior of substance-dependent adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol 1995, 63:154-157. In this study, 34 adolescents in residential drug treatment facility received either a six-session behavior skills training or standard HIV education. The session ran over a 2-month period. At the end of the sessions, adolescents assigned to the intervention reported less frequent exchange of drugs or money for sex and less frequent sex with a nonmonogomous partner.
19. Schachter J, Moncada J, Whidden R, et al.: Noninvasive tests for diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection: application of ligase chain reaction to first-catch urine specimen of women. J Infect Dis 1995, 172:1411-1414. Provides best evidence of the sensitivity of ligase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction for diagnosing cervical infection using first-catch urine. This is the first study to control for potential urethral infection which would falsely elevate the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction and ligase chain reaction as compared with culture of the cervix.
20. Stary A, Tomazic-Allen S, Choueiri B, Burzak J, Steyrer K, Lee H: Comparison of DNA amplification methods for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in first void urine from asymptomatic military recruits. Sex Transm Dis 1996, 23:97-102.
21. Genc M, Mardh P-A: A cost-effectiveness analysis of screening and treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in asymptomatic women. Ann Intern Med 1996, 124:1-7. The first cost-benefit analysis for the diagnosis of chlamydia in women that included DNA amplification testing is related. This analysis revealed that in populations of women in which prevalence exceeds 6%, DNA amplification test is cost-effective in clinical settings. At prevalence less than 6%, the decision is based on the value of curing an untreated case of chlamydia.
22. Rawitscher LA, Saitz R, Friedman LS: Adolescents' preferences regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related physician counseling and HIV testing. Pediatrics 1995, 96:52-58. This study of 854 students recruited from metropolitan Boston schools demonstrates adolescents' preference regarding provider counseling and HIV testing. The authors showed that adolescents were uncomfortable initiatiating a discussion with a provider about safe sex, condoms, and homosexuality. More preferred to be tested for HIV by someone they did not know (40%) than by someone they knew (32%).
23. Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Stewart F, Stewart GK, Kowal D, Guest F, Cayes W, Policar MS. Contraceptive Technology, edn 16. New York: Irvington Publishers; 1994.
24. Polaneczky M, Slap G, Forke C, Rappaport A, Sondheimer S: The use of levonorgestrel implants (Norplant) for contraception in adolescent mothers. N Engl J Med 1994, 331:1201-1206.
25. Berenson AB, Weimann CM: Use of levonorgestrel implants versus oral contraceptives in adolescence: a case control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995, 172:1128-1137.
26. Dinerman LM, Wilson MD, Duggan AK, Joffe A.: Outcomes of adolescents using levonorgestrel implants vs oral contraceptives or other contraceptive methods. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995, 149:967-972.
27. Kozlowski K, Rickert VI, Hendon A, Davis P.: Adolescent and Norplant: preliminary findings of side-effects. J Adolesc Health 1995, 16:373-378.
28. Cromer BA, Smith RD, Blair JM, Dwyer J, Brown RT: A prospective study of adolescents who choose among levonorgestrel implant (Norplant), medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera), or the combined oral contraceptive pill as contraception. Pediatrics 1994, 94:687-694.
29. Koenigs LMP, Miller NH: The contraceptive use of Depo-Provera in US adolescents. J Adolesc Health 1995, 16:347-349.
30. Smith RD, Cromer BA, Hayes JR: Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) use in adolescents: uterine bleeding and blood pressure patterns, patient satisfaction, and continuation rates. Adolesc Pediatr Gynecol 1995, 8:379-384.
31. Wiemann CM, Berenson AB: An investigation into why adolescents may reject Norplant. Pediatrics 1996, 97:185-191. This is the most recent study to document the characteristics of adolescent patients who would and would not consider levonorgestrel implants.
32. Wiegatz I, Jung-Hoffmann C, Kuhl H: Effect of oral contraceptives containing ethinylestrodial and gestodene or norgestimate upon androgen parameters and serum binding proteins. Contraception 1995, 51:341-346.
33. Refn H, Kjaer A, Lebech AM, Borggard B, Schierup L: Clinical and hormonal effects of two contraceptives: correlation to serum concentrations of levonorgestrel and gestodene. Contraception 1990, 41:259-269.
34. Carnall D: Controversy rages over new contraceptive data. BMJ 1995, 311:1117-1118.
35. World Health Organization Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception: Effect of different progestagens in low oestrogen oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolic disease. Lancet 1995, 346:1528-88.
36. World Health Organization Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception: Venous thromboembolic disease and combined oral contraceptives: results of international mulitcentre case-control study. Lancet 1995, 346:1575-1582.
37. Spitzer WO, Lewis MA, Heinemann LAJ, Thorogood M, Macrae KD: Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thromboembolic disorder: an international case-control study. BMJ 1996, 312:83-88.
38. Grimes DA: Contraceptive Report, vol 7. Edited by Grimes DA. Warren: Emron; 1996. This issue presents a nice synopsis of the controversy surrounding the third-generation oral contraceptives pills and provides several expert opinions on the implications of the European data for clinical practice.
39. Trussel J, Sturgen K, Strickler J, Dominik R: Comparative contraceptives efficacy of the female condom and other barrier methods. Fam Plan Perspect 1994, 26:66-72.
40. Farr G, Gabelnick H, Sturgen K, Dorflinger L: Contraceptive efficacy and acceptability of the female condom. Am J Public Health 1994;84:1960-1964.
41. Grou F, Rodrigues I: The morning-after pill: how long after? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994, 171:1529-1534.
42. Darney PD: Hormonal implants: contraception for a new century. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994, 170:1536-1543.
43. Laurrikka-Routti M, Haukkamaa M, Lahteenmaki P: Suppression of ovarian function with transdermally given synthetic progestin ST-1435. Fertil Steril 1992, 58:680-690.
44. Mishell DR: Vaginal contraceptive rings. Ann Med 1993, 25:191-197.
45. Dirkoff EC, Cassidenti DL, Paulson RJ: The gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists (Nal-Glu) acutely blocks the luteinizing hormone surge but allows for resumption of folliculogenesis in normal women. Obstet Gynecol 1991, 165:1811-1817.
46. Chi I: The TCu-380a (Ag), MLCu375, and Nova-T IUDs and the IUD daily releasing 20 microgram levonorgestre: four pillars of IUD contraception for the nineties and beyond? Contraception 1993, 47:325-347.
47. Elias CJ, I. HL: Challenges for the development of female-controlled microbicides. AIDS 1994, 8:1-9.