Net (ERP/SAP2), one of the Ras-inducible TCFs, has a novel inhibitory domain with resemblance to the helix-loop-helix motif

EMBO Journal

Volumn 15, Issue 21, 1996, Pages 5849-5865

  Maira, Sauveur Michel ^a   Wurtz, Jean Marie ^a   Wasylyk, Bohdan ^a  

^a CNRS   (France)

Author keywords

bHLH; ELK 1; ETS; Repressors; SAP 1

Indexed keywords

HELIX LOOP HELIX PROTEIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; GENE ACTIVATION; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; ONCOGENE; ONCOGENE RAS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; PROTEIN DNA BINDING; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN INTERACTION; REPRESSOR GENE;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0029956658     PISSN: 02614189     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00972.x     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Ayer, D.E., Lawrence, Q.A. and Eisenman, R.N. (1995) Mad-Max transcriptional repression is mediated by ternary complex formation with mammalian homologs of yeast repressor Sin3. Cell, 80, 767-776.
2. Baichwal, V.R., Park, A. and Tjian, R. (1991) v-Src and EJ Ras alleviate repression of c-jun by a cell-specific inhibitor. Nature, 352, 165-168.
3. Baichwal, V.R., Park, A. and Tjian, R. (1992) The cell-type-specific activator of c-jun juxtaposes constitutive and negatively regulated domains. Genes Dev., 6, 493-502.
4. Bain, G., Gruenwald, S. and Murre, C. (1993) E2A and E2-2 are subunits of B-cell-specific E2-Box DNA-binding proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 3522-3529.
5. Bannister, A.J., Brown, H.J., Sutherland, J.A. and Kouzarides, T. (1994) Phosphorylation of the c-Fos and c-Jun HOB1 motif stimulates its activation capacity. Nucleic Acids Res., 22, 5173-5176.
6. Bengal, E., Ransone, L., Scherfmann, R., Dwarki, V.J., Tapscott, S.J., Weintraub, H. and Verma, I.M. (1992) Functional antagonism between c-Jun and MyoD proteins: a direct physical association. Cell, 68, 507-519.
7. Bories, J.C., Willerford, D.M., Grévin, D., Davidson, L., Camus, A., Martin, P., Stehelin, D. and Alt, F.W. (1995) Increased T-cell apoptosis and terminal B-cell differentiation induced by inactivation of the Ets-1 proto-oncogene. Nature, 377, 635-638.
8. Brown, H.J., Sutherland, J.A., Cook, A., Bannister, A.J. and Kouzarides, T. (1995) An inhibitor domain in c-Fos regulates activation domains containing the HOB1 motif. EMBO J., 14, 124-131.
9. Cahill, M.A., Ernst, W.H., Janknecht, R. and Nordheim, A. (1994) Regulatory squelching. FEBS Lett., 344, 105-108.
10. Campuzano, S. and Molodell, J. (1992) Patterning of the Drosophila nervous system: the achaete-scute gene complex. Trends Genet., 8, 202-208.
11. Cano, E. and Mahadevan, L.C. (1995) Parallel signal processing among mammalian MAPKs. Trends Biochem. Sci., 20, 117-122.
12. Chatton, B., Bahr, A., Acker, J. and Kedinger, C. (1995) Eukaryotic GST fusion vector for the study of protein-protein associations in-vivo: applications to interaction of ATFa with Jun and Fos. BioTechniques, 18, 142-145.
13. Chaudary, S., Brou, C., Valentin, M.-E., Burton, N., Tora, L., Chambon, P. and Davidson, I. (1994) A cell specific factor represses stimulation of transcription in vitro by Transcriptional Enhancer Factor 1. Mol. Cell. Biol., 14, 5290-5299.
14. Chaudary, S., Tora, L. and Davidson, I. (1995) Characterisation of a HeLa cell factor which negatively regulates transcriptional activation in vitro by Transcriptional Enhancer Factor 1. J. Biol. Chem., 270, 3631-3637.
15. Chen, C. and Okayama, H. (1987) High-efficiency transformation cells by plasmid DNA. Mol. Cell. Biol., 7, 2745-2752.
16. Chen, Q. et al. (1990) The tal gene undergoes chromosome translocation in T cell leukemia and potentially encodes a helix-loop-helix protein. EMBO J., 9, 415-424.
17. Cooper, J.P., Roth, S.Y. and Simpson, R.T. (1994) The global transcriptional regulators, SSN6 and TUP1, play distinct roles in the establishment of a repressive chromatin structure. Genes Dev., 8,1400-1410.
18. Cowell, I.G. (1994) Repression versus transcription in the control of gene transcription. Trends Biochem. Sci., 19, 38-42.
19. Cowell, I.G. and Hurst, H. (1994) Transcriptional repression by the human bZIP factor E4BP4: definition of a minimal repression domain. Nucleic Acids Res., 22, 59-65.
20. Dalton, S. and Treisman, R. (1992) Characterisation of SAP-1, a protein recruited by the serum response factor to the c-fos serum response element. Cell, 68, 597-612.
21. Davis, R.L., Cheng, P.F., Lassar, A.B. and Weintraub, H. (1990) The MyoD DNA binding domain contains a recognition code for muscle-specific gene activation. Cell, 60, 733-746.
22. Dodou, E., Sparrow, D.B., Mohun, T. and Treisman, R. (1995) MEF2 proteins, including MEF2A, are expressed in both muscle and non-muscle cells. Nucleic Acids Res., 23, 4267-4274.
23. Donaldson, L.W., Petersen, J.M., Graves, B.J. and McIntosh, L.P. (1996) Solution structure of the ETS domain from murine Ets-1: a winged helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif. EMBO J., 15, 125-134.
24. Ernst, P. and Smale, S.T. (1995) Combinatorial regulation of transcription II: the immunoglobulin mu heavy chain gene. Immunity, 5, 427-438.
25. Feinman, R., Qiu, W.Q., Pearse, R.N., Nikolajczyk, B.S., Sen, R., Sheffery, M. and Ravetch, J.V. (1994) PU.1 and an HLH family member contribute to the myeloid-specific transcription of the FcγRIIIA promoter. EMBO J., 13, 3852-3860.
26. Finkel, T., Duc, J., Fearon, E.R., Dang, C.V. and Tomaselli, G.F. (1993) Detection and modulation in vivo of helix-loop-helix protein interactions. J. Biol. Chem., 268, 5-8.
27. Fischer, R.J. et al. (1994) Real-time DNA binding measurements of the ETS1 recombinant oncoproteins reveal significant kinetic differences between the p42 and p51 isoforms. Protein Sci., 3, 257-266.
28. Gille, H., Sharrocks, A.D. and Shaw, P.E. (1992) Phosphorylation of transcription factor p62TCF by MAP kinase stimulates ternary complex formation at c-fos promoter. Nature, 358, 414-117.
29. Gille, H., Strahl, T. and Shaw, P.E. (1995) Activation of ternary complex factor Elk-1 by stress-activated protein kinases. Curr. Biol., 5, 1191-1200.
30. Giovane, A., Pintzas, A. Maira, S.-M., Sobiezsczuk, P. and Wasylyk, B. (1994) Net, a new ets transcription factor that is activated by Ras. Genes Dev., 8, 1502-1513.
31. Giovane, A., Sobieszczuk, P., Mignon, C., Mattei, M.-C. and Wasylyk, B. (1995) Locations of the ets subfamily members net, elk1, and sap1 (ELK3, ELK1, and ELK4) on three homologous regions of the mouse and human genomes. Genomics, 29, 769-772.
32. Groisman, R., Masutani, H., Leibovitch, M.-P., Robin, P., Soudant, I., Trouche, D. and Harel-Bellan, A. (1996) Physical interactions between the mitogen-serum responsive factor and myogenic basic-helix-loop-helix proteins. J. Biol. Chem., 271, 5258-5264.
33. Gutmann, A., Wasylyk, C. and Wasylyk, B. (1991) Cell-specific regulation of the oncogene-responsive c-fos promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol., 11, 5381-5387
34. Hagman, J. and Grosschedl, R. (1992) An inhibitory carboxyl-terminal domain in Ets-1 and Ets-2 mediates differential binding of ETS family factors to promoter sequences of the mb-1 gene. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 8889-8893.
35. Hahn, S. and Wasylyk, B. (1994) The oncoprotein v-ets is less selective in DNA binding than c-Ets-1 due to the C-terminal sequence change. Oncogene, 9, 2499-2512.
36. Han, K. and Manley, J.L. (1993) Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila Even-skipped protein: definition of a minimal repression domain. Genes Dev., 7, 491-503.
37. Hanna-Rose, W. and Hansen, U. (1996) Active repression mechanisms of eukaryotic transcription factors. Trends Genet., 12, 229-234.
38. Hill, C.S., Marais, R., John, S., Winne, J., Dalton, S. and Treisman, R. (1993) Functional analysis of a growth factor-responsive transcription factor complex. Cell, 73, 395-406.
39. Hill, C.S., Wynne, J. and Treisman, R. (1995) The Rho family GTPases RhoA, Rac1, and CDC42Hs regulate transcriptional activation by SRF. Cell, 81, 1159-1170.
40. Hipskind, R.A., Buscher, D., Nordheim, A. and Baccarini, M. (1994) Ras/ MAP kinase-dependent and -independent signaling pathways target distinct ternary complex factors. Genes Dev., 8, 1803-1816.
41. Holm, L. and Sander, C. (1992) Fast and simple Monte Carlo algorithm for side chain optimization in proteins: application to model building by homology. Proteins, 14, 213-223.
42. Hsu, H.-L., Wadman, I. and Baer, R. (1994) Formation of in vivo complexes between the TAL1 and E2A polypeptides of leukemic T cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 3181-3185.
43. Hupp, T.R., Sparks, A. and Lane, D.P. (1995) Small peptides activate latent sequence-specific DNA binding function of p53. Cell, 83, 237-245.
44. Hurlin, P.J., Quéva, C., Koskinen, P.J., Steingrimsson, E., Ayer, D.E., Copeland, N.G., Jenkins, N.A. and Eisenman, R.N. (1995) Mad3 and Mad4: novel Max-interacting transcriptional repressors that suppress c-myc dependent transformation and are expressed during neural and epidermal differentiation. EMBO J., 14, 5646-5659.
45. Iavarone, A., Garg, P., Lasorella, A., Hsu, J. and Israel, M.A. (1994) The helix-loop-helix protein Id-2 enhances cell proliferation and binds to the retinoblastoma protein. Genes Dev., 8, 1270-1284
46. Janknecht, R. and Nordheim, A. (1993) Gene regulation by Ets proteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1155, 346-356.
47. Janknecht, R., Ernst, W.H., Pingoud, V. and Nordheim, A. (1993) Activation of ternary complex factor Elk-1 by MAP kinases. EMBO J., 12, 5097-5104.
48. Janknecht, R., Zinck, R., Ernst, W.H. and Nordheim, A. (1994) Functional dissection of the transcription factor Elk-1. Oncogene, 9, 1273-1278.
49. Janknecht, R., Ernst, W.H. and Nordheim, A. (1995) SAP1a is a nuclear target of signaling cascades involving ERKs. Oncogene, 10, 1209-1216.
50. Johnson, A.D. (1995) The price of repression. Cell, 81, 655-658.
51. Kiaris, H. and Spandidos, D.A. (1995) Mutations of ras genes in human tumours. Int. J. Oncol., 7, 413-421.
52. Kornberg, R.D. and Lorch, Y. (1995) Interplay between chromatin structure and transcription. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol., 7, 371-375.
53. Kortenjann, M., Thomae, O. and Shaw, P.E. (1994) Inhibition of v-raf expression and transformation by a kinase-defective mutant of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK2. Mol. Cell. Biol., 14, 4815-4824.
54. Kraulis, P.J. (1991) MOLSCRIPT: a program to produce both detailed and schematic plots of protein structures. J. Appl. Crystallogr., 24, 946-950.
55. Leprince, D., Crepieux, P. and Stehelin, D. (1992) c-ets-1 DNA binding to the PEA3 motif is affected by all the mutations found in v-ets. Oncogene, 7, 9-17.
56. Libermann, T.A. and Baltimore, D. (1993) π, a pre-B-cell-specific enhancer element in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer. Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 5957-5969.
57. Licht, J.D., Hanna-Rose, W., Reddy, J.C., English, M.A., Ro, M., Grossel, M., Shaknovich, R. and Hansen, U. (1994) Mapping and mutagenesis of the amino-terminal transcriptional repression domain of the Drosophila Krüppel protein. Mol. Cell. Biol., 14, 4057-4066.
58. Lim, F, Kraut, N., Frampton, J. and Graf, T. (1992) DNA binding by c-Ets-1, but not v-Ets, is repressed by an intramolecular mechanism. EMBO J., 11, 643-652.
59. Lopez, M., Oettgen, P. Akbarali, Y., Dendorfer, U. and Liebermann, T. (1994) ERP, a new member of the ets transcription factor/oncoprotein family: cloning, characterization, and differential expression during B-lymphocyte development. Mol. Cell. Biol., 14, 3292-3309.
60. Ma, P.C.M., Rould, M.A., Weintraub, H. and Pabo, C.O. (1994) Crystal structure of MyoD bHLH domain-DNA complex: perspectives on DNA recognition and implications for transcriptional activation. Cell, 77, 451-459.
61. MacLeod, K., Leprince, D. and Stehelin, D. (1992) The ets gene family. Trends Biochem. Sci., 17, 251-256.
62. Marais, R., Wynne, J. and Treisman, R. (1993) The SRF accessory protein Elk-1 contains a growth factor-regulated transcriptional activation domain. Cell, 73, 381-393.
63. Margolin, J.F., Friedman, J.R., Meyer, W.K.-H., Vissing, H., Thiessen, H.-J. and Rauscher, F.J. III (1994) Krüppel-associated boxes are potent transcriptional repression domains. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 4509-4513.
64. Mellentin, J.D., Smith, S.D. and Cleary, M.L. (1989) Lyl-1: a novel gene altered by chromosomal translocation in T-cell leukemia codes for a protein with a helix-loop-helix DNA binding motif. Cell, 58, 77-84.
65. Moreau-Gachelin, F. (1994) Spi-1/PU.1: an oncogene of the Ets family. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1198, 149-163.
66. Murre, C. McCaw, P.S. and Baltimore, D. (1989) A new DNA binding and dimerisation motif in immunoglobulin enhancer binding, daughterless, MyoD, and Myc proteins. Cell, 56, 777-783.
67. Murre, C. et al. (1994) Structure and function of helix-loop-helix proteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1218, 129-135.
68. Muthusamy, N., Barton, K. and Leiden, J.M. (1995) Defective activation and survival of T cells lacking the Ets-1 transcription factor. Nature, 377, 639-642.
69. Olson, E.N. and Klein, W.H. (1994) bHLH factors in muscle development: deadlines and commitments, what to leave in and what to leave out. Genes Dev., 8, 1-8.
70. Perlmann, T. and Vennström, B. (1995) The sound of silence. Nature, 377, 387-388.
71. Peterson, J.M., Skalicky, J.J., Donaldson, L.W., McIntosh, L.P., Alber, T. and Graves, B. (1995) Modulation of transcription factor Ets-1 DNA binding: DNA-induced unfolding of an α helix. Science, 269, 1866-1869.
72. Phillips, S.E.V. (1994) Built by association: structure and function of helix-loop-helix DNA binding proteins. Curr. Biol., 2, 1-4.
73. Price, M.A., Rogers, A.E. and Treisman, R. (1995) Comparative analysis of the ternary complex factors Elk-1, SAP-1a and SAP-2 (ERP/NET). EMBO J., 14, 2589-2601.
74. Program manual for the Wisconsin package, version 8, September 1994. Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
75. Rabault, B. and Ghysdael, J. (1994) Calcium-induced phosphorylation of ETS1 inhibits ils specific DNA binding activity. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 28143-28151.
76. Rao, V.N. and Reddy, E.S.P. (1992) elk1 domains responsible for autonomous DNA binding, SRE:SRF interaction and negative regulation of DNA binding. Oncogene, 7, 2335-2340.
77. Rao, V.N., Huebner, H., Isobe, M., Ar-Rushdi, A., Croce, C. and Reddy, E.S.P. (1989) elk, tissue-specific ets-related genes on chromosome X and 14 near translocation breakpoints. Science, 244, 66-70.
78. Rivera, R.R., Stuiver, M.H., Steenbergen, R. and Murre, C. (1993) Ets proteins: new factors that regulate immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 7163-7169.
79. Rushlow, C.A., Hogan, A., Pinchin, S.M., Howe, K.M., Lardelli, M. and Ish-Horowicz, D. (1989) The Drosophila hairy protein acts in both segmentation and bristle patterning and shows homology to N-myc. EMBO J., 8, 3095-3104.
80. Schlissel, M., Voronova, A. and Baltimore, D. (1991) Helix-loop-helix transcription factor E47 activates germ-line immunoglubulin heavy-chain gene transcription and rearrangement in a pre-T-cell line. Genes Dev., 5, 1367-1367.
81. Seger, R. and Krebs, E.G. (1995) The MAPK signaling cascade. FASEB J., 9, 726-735.
82. Seth, A., Ascione, R., Fischer, R.J., Mavrothalassitis, G.J., Bhat, N.K. and Papas, T.S. (1992) The ets gene family. Cell Growth Differ., 3, 327-334.
83. Seth, A., Robinson, L., Thompson, D.M., Watson, D.K. and Papas, T.S. (1993) Transactivation of GATA-1 promoter with ETS1, ETS2 and ERG/Hu-Fli-1 sequences by monoclonal antibody. Oncogene, 8, 1783-1790.
84. Sgouras, D.N., Athanasiou, M.A., Beal, G.J., Jr, Fisher, R.J., Blair, D.G. and Mavrothalassitis, G.J. (1995) ERF: an ETS domain protein with strong transcriptional repressor activity, can suppress ets-associated tumorigenesis and is regulated by phosphorylation during cell cycle and mitogenic stimulation. EMBO J., 14, 4781-4793.
85. Shore, P. and Sharrocks, A.D. (1995) The MADS-box family of transcription factors. Eur. J. Biochem., 229, 1-13.
86. Thisse, B., Stoetzel, C., Gorostina-Thisse, C. and Perrin-Schmitt, F. (1988) Sequence of the twist gene and nuclear localization of its protein in endodermal cells of early Drosophila embryos. EMBO J., 7, 2175-2183.
87. Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G. and Gibson, T.J. (1994) ClustalW: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res., 22, 4673-4680.
88. Treisman, R. (1992) The serum response element. Trends Biochem. Sci., 17, 423-426.
89. Treisman, R. (1994) Ternary complex factors: growth factor regulated transcriptional activators. Curr. Biol., 4, 96-101.
90. Treisman, R., Marais, R. and Wynne, J. (1992) Spatial flexibility in ternary complexes between SRF and its accessory proteins. EMBO J., 11, 4631-4640.
91. Trouche, D., Grigoriev, M., Lenormand, J.-L., Robin, P., Leibovitch, S.A., Sassone-Corsi, P. and Harel-Bellan, A. (1993) Repression of c-fos promoter by MyoD on muscle cell differentiation. Nature, 363, 79-82.
92. Van Gusteren, W.F. and Berendsen, H.J.C. (1987) Groningen molecular simulation (GROMOS). Library manual, Biomos, Nijenborgh 14, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
93. Voronova, A. and Baltimore, D. (1990) Mutations that disrupt DNA binding and dimer formation in the E47 helix-loop-helix protein map to distinct domains. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 4722-4726.
94. Wasylyk, B., Wasylyk, C., Flores, P., Begue, A., Leprince, D. and Stehelin, D. (1990) The c-ets proto-oncogene encodes transcription factors that cooperate with c-fos and c-jun for transcriptional activation. Nature, 346, 191-193.
95. Wasylyk, B., Hahn, S.L. and Giovane, A. (1994) The ets family of transcription factors. Eur. J. Biochem., 211, 7-18.
96. Wasylyk, C., Kerkaert, J.-P. and Wasylyk, B. (1992) A novel modulator domain of Ets transcription factors. Genes Dev., 6, 965-974.
97. Wasylyk, C., Maira, S.-M., Sobiezsczuk, P. and Wasylyk, B. (1994) Reversion of Ras transformed cells by Ets transdominant mutants. Oncogene, 9, 3665-3673.
98. Webster, N., Jin, J.R., Green, S., Hollis, M. and Chambon, P. (1988) The yeast UASG is a transcriptional enhancer in human HeLa cells in the presence of the GAL4 trans-activator. Cell, 52, 169-178.
99. White, J., Brou, C., Wu, J., Lutz, Y., Moncollin, V. and Chambon, P. (1992) The acidic transcriptonal activator GAL-VP16 acts on preformed template-committed complexes. EMBO J., 11, 2229-2240.
100. Whitmarsh, A.J., Shore, P., Sharrocks, A. and Davis, R.J. (1995) Integration of MAP kinase signal transduction pathways at the serum response element. Science, 269, 403-407.
101. Witzgall, R., O'Leary, E., Leaf, A., Önaldi, D. and Bonventre, J.V. (1994) The Krüppel-associated box-A (KRAB-A) domain of zinc finger proteins mediates transcriptional repression. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 4514-4518.
102. Zhuang, Y., Soriano, P. and Weintraub, H. (1994) The helix-loop-helix gene E2A is required for B-cell formation. Cell, 79, 875-884.