Zink - Update of an essential trace element;Zink - Update eines essentiellen Spurenelements

Zeitschrift fur Ernahrungswissenschaft

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 123-142

  Rimbach, G ^a   Markant, A ^a   Pallauf, J ^a   Kramer K ^a  

^a JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Dietary zinc recommendations and diagnosis of zinc status; Endocrinology; Gene expression; Immunology and oxidative stress ; Zinc absorption and homeostatic regulation ; Zinc and enzymes; Zinc bioavailability and mineral interactions

Indexed keywords

ZINC;

BIOAVAILABILITY; ENDOCRINOLOGY; GENE EXPRESSION; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; MUTATION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REVIEW;

ANIMAL NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY; DIET; FOOD ANALYSIS; HUMANS; NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; TRACE ELEMENTS; ZINC;

EID: 0029955849     PISSN: 0044264X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF01622861     Document Type: Article

References (212)

1. Abdulla M, Chemielnicka J (1990) New aspects on the distribution and metabolism of essential trace elements after dietary exposure to toxic metal. Biol Trace Elem Res 23:25-53
2. Abu-Hamdan DK, Mahajam SK, Migdal SD, Prasad AS, Me Donal FD (1986) Zinc tolerance tests in uremia. Effect of ferrous sulfate and aluminium hydroxide. Ann Int Med 104:5052
3. Aggett PJ, Favier A (1993) Zinc. Internat J Vitam Nutr Res 63, 301-307
4. Andersson KE, Bratt L, Dencker H, Lanner E (1976) Some aspects of the intestinal absorption of zinc in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 9:423-428
5. Anke M, Risch M (1979) Haaranalyse und Spurenelementstatus. Fischer Verlag, Jena
6. Anonymus (1992) Spurenelemente Stoffwechsel, Verwertung, Bedarf, Versorgung und parenterale Ernährung. In: Mineralstoffe und Spurenelemente, Leitfaden für die ärztliche Praxis, Berteismann-Stiftung (Hrsg), 27-48
7. Antonson DL, Barak AJ, Vanderhoof JA (1979) Determination of the site of zinc absorption in rat small intestine. J Nutr 109:142-147
8. Ausschu Nahrungsbedarf der DGE (1995) Zufuhrempfehlungen und Nährstoffbedarf. Teil II: Vergleich der Vorschläge von SCF/EC mit den Empfehlungen der DGE. 1. Allgemeines, Energie, Hauptnährstoffe, Mineralstoffe, Spurenelmente und für die Ernährung wichtige Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffe. Ernährungs-Umschau 42:4-10
9. Baer MT, King JC (1984) Tissue zinc levels and zinc excretion during experimental zinc depletion in young men. Am J Clin Nutr 39:556-570
10. Bagheri S, Guéguen L (1985) Effect of wheat bran and pectin on the absorption and retention of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and zinc by the growing pig. Reprod Nutr Dév 25:706-716
11. Behrens G, Pallauf J (1992) Einflu eines alimentären Zinkmangels auf die Lipidzusammensetzung der Erythrocytenmembran wachsender Ratten. J Anim Physiol a Anim Nutr 68: l So164
12. Bencze K (1991) Zink und Haaranalytik In: Zink, Biochemie, Physiologie, Pathophysiologie und Klinik des Zinkstoffwechsels beim Menschen, Holtmeier HJ, Krusse-Jarres JD (Hrsg), pp 45-65, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart
13. Bertholf RL (1988) Zinc. In: Handbook on Toxicity of Inorganic Compounds, Seiler HG; Sigel H (eds), New York, Dekker, 788-800
14. Bettger WJ, O'Dell BL (1981) Critical physiological role of zinc in the structure and function of biomembranes. Life Sei 28:1425-1438
15. Bettger WJ, O'Dell BL (1993) Physiological roles of zinc in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. J Nutr Biochem 4:194-207
16. Bindra GS, Gibson R, Thompson LU (1986) [phytate] [calcium]/[zinc] ratios in asian immigrant lacto-ovo vegetarian diets and their relationship to zinc nutriture. Nutr Res 6:475-483
17. Bour NJS, Sollier BA, Zemel MB (1984) Effect of level and form of phosphorus and level of calcium intake on zinc, iron and copper bioavailability in man. Nutr Res 4:371-379
18. Bränden CI, Jörnvall M, Eklund M, Furugren B (1977) Alcohol dehydrogenase In: Enzymes, Boyer PD (ed), New York, Academic, Vol 11:103-111
19. Brätter PR, Brunetto HJ, Gramm S, Recknagel S, Siemes H (1992) Detection by HPLC-ICP of metallothionein in serum of an epileptic child with valoproate-associated hepatoxicity. J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 6:251-255
20. Brautigan DL, Bornstein P, Gallis B (1981) Phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase. Specific inhibition by Zn2+. J Biol Chem 256:6519-6522
21. Bray TM, Bettger WJ (1990) The physiological role of zinc as an antioxidant. Free Rad Biol Med 8:281291
22. Bremner I, Morrison JN (1986) Assessment of zinc, copper and cadmium status in animals by assay of extracellular metallothionein. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 59 (suppl 7):502-509
23. Brewer GJ, Yuzbasiyan V (1992) Wilson Disease. Medicine 71:139-164
24. Cagen STZ, Klaassen CD (1979) Protection of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity by zinc. Role of metallothionein. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 51:107-116
25. Castro CR, Alvares OF, Sevall JS (1986) Diet-mediated alteration of chromatin structure. Fed Proc 45: 2394-2398
26. Chandra RK (1984) Excessive intake of zinc impairs immune response. J Am Med Assoc 252:1443-1446
27. Chandra RK, Dayton DH (1982) Trace element regulation of immunity and infection. Nutr Res 2:271-279
28. Chemielnicka J, Zareba G, Witasik R, Brezeznicka G (1988) Zinc-selenium interaction in the rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 15:267-275
29. Chengelis CP, Dodd DC, Means JR, Kotsonis FN (1986) Protection by zinc against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Fundam Appl Toxicol 6:278-284
30. Chesters JK (1991) Trace elementgene interactions with particular reference to zinc. Proc Nutr Soc 50:123129
31. Chesters JK, Quaterman J (1970) Effects of zinc deficiency on food intake and feeding patterns of rats. Br J Nutr 24:1061-1069
32. Chesters JK, Pétrie, L Travis AJ (1990) A requirement of Zn2 for induction of thymidine kinase, but not ornithine decarboxylase in 3T3 cells stimulated from quiescence. Biochem J 275:525-527
33. Cho CH, Fong LYY (1990) The interaction of ethanol and zinc on hepatic glutathione and glutathione transferase activity in mice. Agents Actions 29: 382-385
34. Chvapil M, Zukoski CF (1974) New concept on the mechanism(s) of biological effect of zinc. In: Clinical Applikations of Zinc Metabolism, Pories WJ, Strain WH, Hsu JN, Woosley RL (eds), Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 75-86
35. Clarke IS, Liu MK (1986) Interaction of metallothionein and carbon tetrachloride on the protective effect of zinc on hepatotoxicity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 64:1104-1110
36. Clegg MS, Keen CL, Hurley LS (1989) Biochemical pathologies of zinc deficiency In: Zinc in Human Biology, Mills CF (ed), ILSI Human Nutrition Reviews, Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, 129-145
37. Coleman JE (1992) Zinc proteins, enzymes, storage proteins, transcription factors, and replication proteins. Ann Rev Biochem 61:897-946
38. Commission of the european communities (1993) Report of the scientific committee for food (thirty first series). Nutrient and energy intakes for the european community. Office of official publications of the european communities, Luxembourg
39. Coogan TP, Bare RM, Waalkes MP (1992) Cadmium-induced DNA strand damage in cultured liver cells reduction in cadmium genotoxicity following zinc pretreatment. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 113:227-233
40. Coppen DE, Richardson DE, Cousins RT (1988) Zinc suppression of free radicals induced in cultures of rat hepatocytes by iron, t-butylhydroperoxide and 3-methylindole. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 189:100-109
41. Cousins R J (1988) Systemic transport of zinc. In: Zinc in human biology, Mills CF (ed), Springer Verlag, London Berlin Heidelberg New York Paris Tokyo 79-93
42. Cunningham BC, Wells JA (1989) High-resolution epitope mapping of hGH-receptor interactions by alaninescanning mutagenesis. Science Wash DC 244:1081-1085
43. Cunningham BC, Mulkerrin, MG, Wells JA (1991) Dimerisation of human growth hormone by zinc. Science Wash DC 253:545-548
44. Dar MS, Townsend SM, Wooles WR (1986) Protective effect of zinc against cthanol toxicity in mice. J Toxicol Environ Health 18:41-48
45. Dardenne M, Savino W, Berrih S, Bach JF (1985) A zinc-dependent epitope on the molecule of thymulin, a thymic hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 82:7035-7038
46. Davies NT (1980) Studies on the absorption of zinc by rat intestine. Br J Nutr 43:189-203
47. Davies NT (1982) Effects of phytic acid on mineral availability In: Dietary Fibre in Health and Disease, Vahouny GV, Kritschewsky D (eds), Plenum Press, New York, London, 105-116
48. DePasquale-Jardieu P, Fraker PJ (1979) The role of corticosterone in the loss in immune function in the zinc-deficient A/J mouse. J Nutr 109: 1847-1855
49. DGE, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung (1991) Empfehlungen für die Nährstoffzufuhr 5. Überarbeitung, Umschau Verlag, Frankfurt/Main
50. Dörner K (1994) Therapeutische und prophylaktische Zinksubstitution was ist gesichert, was ist Spekulation? In: Mineralstoffe, Spurenelemente, Vitamine: Risikofaktoren - Meverfahren - Präventivmanahmen, Krusse-Jarres JD (Hrsg.), Kongre band vom VII. Stuttgarter Mineralstoff-Symposium, Fellbach, 39-50
51. Dreosti IE, Hurley LS (1975) Depressed thymidine kinase activity in zinc-deficient rat embroys. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 150:161-165
52. Duerre JA, Ford KM, Sandstead HH (1977) Effect of zinc deficiency on protein synthesis in brain and liver of suckling rats. J Nutr 107:1082-1093
53. Duncan JR, Hurley LS (1978) Thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase activity in normal and Zn-deficient developing rat embryos. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 159:39-43
54. Eder K, Kirchgessner M (1994): The effect of zinc deficiency on eryhtrocyte membrane lipids of force fed rats receiving a diet containing coconut oil or fish oil. J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 8:63-73
55. Emery MP, Browning JD, O'Dell BL (1990) Impaired hemostasis and platelet function in rats fed low zinc diets based on egg white protein. J Nutr 120:1062-1067
56. Falchuk KH, Gordon PR, Stankiewicz A, Hilt KL, Vallée BL (1986) Euglena gracilis chromatin comparison of effects of zinc, magnesium or manganese deficiency and cold shock. Biochemistry 25:5388-5391
57. Fernandes G, Nair M, Onoe K, Tanaka R, Floyd R, Good R (I979) Impairment of cell mediated immunity function by dietary zinc deficiency in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 76:457-461
58. Festa MD, Anderson HL, Dowdy RP, Ellersieck MR (1985) Effect of zinc intake on copper excretion and retention in men. Am J Clin Nutr 41:285292
59. Fischer PWF, Giroux A, L'Abbé MR (1984) Effect of zinc supplementation on copper status in adult man. Am J Clin Nutr 40:743-746
60. Flanagan PR (1984) A model to produce pure zinc deficiency in rats and its use to demonstrate that dietary phytate increases the excretion of endogenous zinc. J Nutr 114:493-502
61. Flynn A (1984) Control of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation by copper, magnesium and zinc deficiency. J Nutr 114:2034-2042
62. Forbes IJ, Zalewski PO, Giannakis C, Petkoff HS, Cowled PA (1990) Interaction between proteinkinase C and regulatory ligand is enhanced by a chelatable pool of cellular zinc. Biochim Biophys Acta 1053:113-117
63. Fordyce EJ, Forbes RM, Robins KR, Erdman JW (1987) Phytate x calcium/zinc molar ratio are they predictive of zinc bioavailability? J Food Sei 52:440-444
64. Foster DM, Aamodt RL, Henkin RI, Berman M (1979) Zinc metabolism in human, a kinetic model. Am J Phyiol 237:R340-349
65. Fowler BA, Hildebrand CE, Kojima Y, Webb M (1987) Nomenclature of metallothionein. Experientia Suppl 52: 19-21
66. Fox MRS (1988) Nutrient interactions and the toxic elements aluminium, cadmium and lead. In: Nutrient Interactions, Bodwell CE, Erdman JW (eds), Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, Basel, 313-349
67. Fox MRS (1989) Zinc excess In: Zinc in Human Biology, Mills CF (ed), ILSI Human Nutrition Reviews, Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 365-370
68. Fraker PJ, Gershwin ME, Good RA (1986) Interrelationships between zinc and immune function. Fed Proc 45:1476-1479
69. Fraker PJ, Haas S, Luecke RW (1977) Effect of zinc deficiency on the immune response of young adult A/J mouse. J Nutr 107:1889-1895
70. Fukino H, Hirai M, Hsueh YM, Moriyasu S, Yamai Y (1986) Mechanism of protection by zinc against mercuric chloride toxicity in rats effects of zinc and mercury on glutathione metabolism. J Toxicol Environ Health 19: 75-89
71. Gibbs PNB, Gore MG, Jordan PM (1985) Investigation of the effect of metal ions on the reactivity of thiol groups in human 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase. Biochem J 225:573-580
72. Ginger ES, Varnum SM, Ptashne M (1985) Specific DNA binding of GAL4, a positive regulatory protein of yeast. Cell 40:767-774
73. Girotti AW, Thomas JP, Jordan PE (1985) Inhibitory effect of zinc(II) on free radical lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes. J Free Radical Biol Med 1:395-401
74. Gordon NT; O'Dell BL (1980) Short term zinc deficiency and hemostasis in the rat. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 163: 240-244
75. Gordon NT; O'Dell BL (1980) Rat platelet aggregation impaired by short term zinc deficiency. J Nutr 110: 2125-2129
76. Gordon, NT (1993) Mineral interactions, a key to their bioavailability In: Bioavailability 93 Nutritional, Chemical and Food Processing Implications of Nutrient Availability, Schlemmer U (ed), 223
77. Günther T, Gossrau R, Höllriegel V, Vormann J (1991) Effects of Fe, salicylate and Zn on metallothionein and lipid peroxidation in vivo. J Trace Eiern Electrolytes Health Dis 5:95-100
78. Günther T, Gossrau R, Vormann J, Ruhnke M (1991) Protection against salicylate-induced hepatic injury by zinc. A histochemical and biochemical study. Histochem J 23:75-82
79. Hahn A (1994) Wirkungen von Pharmaka auf den Stoffwechsel der Nährstoffe. Dtsch Apoth Ztg 50:4975-4987
80. Harmuth-Hoene A E, Meuser F (1987) Biologische Verfügbarkeit von Zink in Getreidevollkornprodukten mit unterschiedlichem Phytatgehalt. Z Ernährungswiss 26:250-267
81. Hempe J M, Cousins R J (1992) Cysteinrich intestinal protein and intestinal metallothionein. An inverse relationship as conceptual model of zinc absorption in rats J Nutr 122:8995
82. Hoftiezer V, Berggren PO, Hellman B (1985) Effect of zinc during culture of an insulin-producing rat cell line (RINmSF). Cancer Lett 29:15-22
83. Höhler D, Pallauf J (1992) Untersuchungen zum Einflu von Citronensäure auf die Mineralstoffverwertung beim Ferkel anhand einer Mais-SojaDiät mit und ohne Zn-Ergänzung. J Anim Physiol a Anim Nutr 69:133-142
84. Hohler D, Pallauf J (1994) Effekt einer abgestuften Zn-Zufuhr und Zulagen von Citronensäure zu einer Mais-Soja-Diät auf Leistungsparameter und Mineralstoffverwertung beim Ferkel. J Anim Physiol a Anim Nutr 71:189-199
85. Honzatko RB, Crawford HL, Monaco HL, Ladner JE, Edwards FP, Evans DR, Warren SO, Wiley DC, Ladner RC, Lipscomb WN (1982) Crystal and molecular structures of native and CTP-liganded aspartate carbamyltransferase from Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 160:219-263
86. Hopper PL, Visconti L, Carry PJ, Johnson GE (1980) Zinc lowers highdensitiy lipoprotein-cholesterol-levels. J Am Med Assoc 244:1960-1961
87. Hubbard SR, Bishop WR, Kirschmeier P, George SJ, Cramer SP, Hendrickson WA (1991) Identification and characterisation of zinc binding sites in proteinkinase C. Science Wash DC 254:1776-1779
88. Huber AM, Gershoff SN (1970) Effects of dietary zinc and calcium on the retention and distribution of zinc in rats fed semi purified diets. J Nutr 100:949-954
89. Hurley LS, Gordon P, Keen CL, Merkhofer L (1982) Circadian variation in rat plasma zinc and rapid effect of dietary zinc deficiency. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 170:48-52
90. Hutchens TW, Li CM (1990) Ligand binding properties of estrogen receptor proteins after interaction with surfaceimmobilized Zn(II) ions evidence for localized surface interactions and minimal conformational changes. J Mil Recognit 3:174-179
91. Ink SL (1988) Fibre-mineral and fibrevitamin interactions. In: Nutrient interactions, Bodwell CE, Erdman JW (eds), Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, Basel, 253-264
92. Jackson MJ Jones DA, Edwards RHT, Swainbank IG, Coleman ML (1984) Zinc homeostasis in man studies using a new stable isotope dilution technique. Br J Nutr 5:199-208
93. Jeffry EH (1983) The effect of zinc on NADPH oxidation and monooxygenase activity in rat hepatic microsomes. Mol Pharmacol 23:467-473
94. Johnston M (1987) Genetic evidence that zinc is an essential co-factor in the DNA binding domain of GAL4 protein. Nature 328:353-355
95. Keilin D, Mann T (1940) Carbonic anhydrase. Purification and nature of the enzyme. Biochem J 34:1163-1176
96. Kelsay JL, Prather ES (1983) Mineral balances of human subjects consuming spinach in a low-fiber diet and in a diet containing fruits and vegetables. Am J Clin Nutr 31:1198-1203
97. Kincaid RL, Cronrath JD (1979) Effects of dietary zinc upon tissue zinc and percent unsaturated plasma-zinc binding capacity. J Dairy Sei 62:572576
98. King, JC (1990) Assessment of zinc status. J Nutr 120:1474-1479
99. King, JC, Turnland JR (1989) Human zinc requirements In: Zinc in Human
100. Biology, Mills CF (ed) Springer Verlag, New York, 335-350
101. Kirchgessner M (1987) Experimentelle Ergebnisse aus der ernährungsphysiologischen und metabolischen Spurenelementforschung. Übers Tierernährg 15:153-192
102. Kirchgessner M, Paulicks BR, Roth H-P (1990) Zink - Funktion, Bedarf, Versorgung und Diagnose In: Spurenelemente und Ernährung, Wolfram G, Kirchgessner M (Hrsg), Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft GmbH, Stuttgart, 101-121
103. Kirchgessner M (1993) Homeostasis and homeorhesis in trace element metabolism. In: Trace Elements in Man and Animals - TEMA 8, Anke M, Meissner D, Mills CF (eds), Verlag Media Touristik, Gerstorf, 4-21
104. Kirchgessner M, Windisch W, Weigand E (1993) True bioavailability of zinc and manganese by isotope dilution technique. In: Bioavailability 93 - Nutritional, Chemical and Food Processing Implications of Nutrient Availability, Schlemmer U (ed), ISSN 0933-5463, 213-222
105. Klug A, Rhodes D (1987) "Zinc fingers" a novel protein motif for nucleic acid recognition. Trends Biochem Sei 464-473
106. Kornberg RD (1977) Structure of chromatin. Annu Rev Biochem 46: 931-954
107. Krämer K, Markwitan A, Menne A, Pallauf J (1993) Zinc metabolism in fasted rats. J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 7:141-146
108. Krämer K, Rimbach G (1994) Bioverfügbarkeit von Spurenelementen, Mineralstoffen und Vitaminen Methoden und Einflufaktoren. Ernährungsforschung 39:127-137
109. Krusse-Jarres J D (1991) Klinischpraktische Aspekte der Zinkbestimmung in Humanproben In: Zink, Biochemie, Physiologie, Pathophysiologie und Klinik des Zinkstoffwechsels beim Menschen, Holtmeier HJ, Krusse-Jarres JD (Hrsg), Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 15-36
110. Leake A, Chrisholm GD, Busuttil A, Halbib FK (1984) Subcellular distribution of zinc in the benign and malignant human prostate evidence for a direct zinc androgen interaction. Acta Endocrinol 105:281-288
111. Leonard A, Gerber GB, Leonard F (1986) Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of zinc. Mutât Res 186:343-353
112. Lin KH, Cheng SY (1991) Zn2t induces reversible cross-linking of human placental thyroid hormone nuclear receptor with no effect on hormone binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 175:250-255
113. Liu J, Kershaw WC, Klaassen CD (1992) Protective effects of zinc on cultured rat primary hepatocytes to metals with low affinity for metallothionein. J Toxicol Environ Health 35: 51-62
114. Lönnerdal B (1988) Intestinal absorption of zinc In: Zinc in Human Biology Mills CF (ed), Springer-Verlag, London Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo 33-55
115. Lykken GI, Mahalko J, Johnson PE, Milne D, Sandstead HH, Garcia WJ, Dintzis FR, Inglett GE (1986) Effect of browned and unbrowned corn products intrinsically labelled with 65Zn in human. J Nutr 116:795-801
116. Margoshes M, Vallée BL (1957) A cadmium protein from equine kidney cortex. J Am Chem Soc 79:4813-4814
117. Markant A, Rimbach G, Krämer K, Mayer H, Pallauf J (1995) Reaktive Sauerstoffradikale: Entstehung, Wirkung, Eliminierung. Pharmaz Zeitschr 140:2313-2327
118. Mazus B, Falchuck KH, Vallée BL (1986) Inhibition of Euglena gracilis and wheat germ zinc RNA polymerase II by 1,10-phenanthroline acting as a chelatin agent. Biochemistry 25:29412945
119. Medici N, Mimicci S, Nigro V, Abbuondanza CA, Armetta T, Molinari AM, Puca GA (1989) Metal binding site of estradiol receptor from calf uterus and their possible role in the regulation of receptor function. Biochemistry 28:212-219
120. Menrad MP, Cousins RJ (1983) Zinc transport by brush border membrane vesicles. J Nutr 118:1434-1442
121. Methfessel AH, Spencer H (1973) Zinc metabolism in the rat. I. Intestinal absorption of zinc. J Appl Physiol 34:63-67
122. Miller J, Me Lachlan AD, Klug A (1985) Repititive zinc-binding domains in the protein transcription factor IIIA from Xenopus oocytes. EMBO J 4:1609-1614
123. Milne DB, Palston NVL, Wallwork JC (1985) Zinc content of blood cellular components and lymph node and spleen lymphocytes in severely zinc deficient rats. J Nutr 115:1073-1078
124. Moynahan E J (1973) Le zinc et le poil dans 1, acrodermatitis enteropatica. Bull Soc Franc Derm Syph 80: 541-542
125. Nordberg M (1986) Metallothionein deserves attention. Progr Clin Biol Res 214:401-410
126. NRC, National Research Council (1989) Recommended Dietary Allowances, National Academy Press, 10th Ed, Washington, D C
127. O'Dell BL, Browning JD, Reeves PG (1987) Zinc deficiency increases the osmotic fragility of rat erythrocytes. J Nutr 117:1883-1889
128. O'Dell BL, Becker JK, Emery MP, Browning JD (1989) Production and reversal of the neuromuscular pathology and related signs of zinc deficiency in guinea pigs. J Nutr 119: 196-201
129. O'Dell BL, Conley-Harrison J, BeschWilliford C, Browning JD, O'Brien D (1990) Zinc status and peripheral nerve function in guinea pigs. FASEB J 4:2919-2922
130. Oberleas D Harland BF (1981) Phytate content of foods effect on dietary zinc bioavailability. J Am Diet Assoc 79:443-447
131. Pallauf J (1983) Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zum Zink-Mangel-Syndrom. Akt Ernährungsmed 8:107-112
132. Pallauf J, Kirchgessner M (1972) Zinkgehalte in Knochen und Ganzkörper wachsender Ratten bei unterschiedlicher Zinkversorgung. Z Tierphysiol Tierernährg u Futtermittelkde 30:193-202
133. Pallauf, J Kirchgessner M (1972) Zinkkonzentration im Blut und Serum wachsender Ratten bei Zinkmangel. Z Tierphysiol Tierernährg u Futtermittelkde 29:65-76
134. Pallauf J, Kirchgessner M (1973) Zinkkonzentration des Rattenhaares bei Zinkdepletion und -repletion Zur Eignung des Haares als Indikator für die Zinkversorgung. Zbl Vet Med A 20:100-109
135. Pallauf J, Kirchgessner M (1976) Einflu mangelnder Zinkversorgung auf Verdaulichkeit und Verwertung von Nährstoffen. Arch Tierernährung 7: 458-4173
136. Pallauf J, Krämer K, Markwitan A, Ebel D (1990) Effekt einer Zulage an Citronensäure auf die Bioverfügbarkeit von Zink aus Maiskeimen. Z Ernährungswiss 29:27-38
137. Pallauf J, Höhler D, Rimbach G, Neusser H (1992) Effekt einer Zulage an mikrobieller Phytase zu einer MaisSoja-Diät auf die scheinbare Absorption von Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn und Zn sowie auf Parameter des Zinkstatus beim Ferkel. J Anim Physiol a Anim Nutr 68:1-9
138. Pallauf J, Rimbach G, Pippig S, Schindler D, Höhler D, Most, E (1994) Dietary effect of phytogenic phytase and an addition of microbial phytase to a diet based on field beans, wheat, peas and barley on the utilization of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc and protein in piglets. Z Ernährungswiss 33:128-135
139. Pallauf J, Rimbach G, Pippig S, Schindler D, Most E (1994) Effect of phytase supplementation to a phytaterich diet based on wheat, barley and soya on the bioavailability on dietary phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc and protein in piglets. Agribiol Res 47:39-48
140. Pan T, Coleman JE (1990) GAL4 transcription factor is not a "zinc finger" but forms a Zn (II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 87:2077-2081
141. Pang DT, Shafer JA (1985) Inhibition of the activation and catalytic activity of insulin receptor kinase by zinc and other divalent metal ions. J Biol Chem 260:5126-5130
142. Parisi A F, Vallée BL (1970) Isolation of zinc a2-macroglobulin from human serum. Biochemistry 9:2421-2426
143. Patterson KY, Holbrook JT, Bodner JE, Kelsay JL, Smith RD, Veillon C (1984) Zinc, copper, and manganese intake and balance for adults consuming self-selected diets. Am J Clin Nutr 40:1397-1403
144. Patterson WP, Winkelmann M, Perry M C (1985) Zinc induced copper deficiency megamineral sideroblastic anemia. Ann Intern Med 103:385-386
145. Prasad AS (1995) Zinc An overview. Nutrition 11:93-99
146. Prasad AS, Halsted JA, Nadimi M (1961) Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepato-splenomegaly, hypogonadism, dwarfism, and geophagia. Am J Med 31:532-546
147. Prasad AS, Miale A, Farid Z (1963) Zinc metabolism in patients with the syndrome of iron deficiency anaemia, hypogonadism, and dwarfism. J Lab Clin Med 61:537-549
148. Prasad AS, Oberleas D (1971) Changes in activities of zinc-dependent enzymes in zinc deficient tissues of rats. J Appl Physiol 31:842-850
149. Prasad AS, Oberleas D (1974) Thymindine kinase activity and incorporation of thymindine into DNA in zincdeficient tissue. J Lab Clin Med 83: 634-639
150. Prasad AS, Brewer GJ, Schoomaker EB, Rabbani P (1978) Hypocupremia induced by zinc therapy in adults. J Am Med Assoc 240:2166-2168
151. Prasad AS, Meftah S, Abdallah J (1988) Serum thymulin in human zinc deficiency. J Clin Invest 82:12021210
152. Predki PF, Sarkar B (1992) Effect of replacement of "zinc finger" zinc on estrogen receptor DNA interactions. J Biol Chem 267:5842-5846
153. Quarterman J (1974) The effect of zinc deficiency of excess on the adrenal glands and the thymus of the rat. In: Trace Element Metabolism in Animals, Hoekstra WG, Suttie JW, Ganther HE, Mertz W (eds) Universitiy Park, 742-748
154. Raulin J (1869) Etudes chimiques sur la vegetation. Ann Sei Nat V Botan 11:93-299
155. Reeves PG, O'Dell BL (1983) The effect of zinc deficieny on glucose metabolism in meal-fed rats. Br J Nutr 49:441-4452
156. Rehner G, Walter T (1991) Wirkung von Maillardprodukten und Lysionalanin auf Bioverfügbarkeit von Eisen, Kupfer und Zink. Z Ernährungswiss 30:50-55
157. Reinhold JG, Faradhi B, Abadi P, Ismail-Beigi F (1976) Decreased absorption of calcium, magnesium, zinc and phosphorus by humans due to increased fibre and phosphorus consumption as wheat bread. J Nutr 106: 493-503
158. Richards MP, Cousins RJ (1975) Mamalian zinc homeostasis requirements for RNA and metallothionein synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 64:67-73
159. Rimbach G, Pallauf J (1992) Effekt einer Zulage an mikrobieller Phytase auf die Zinkverfügbarkeit. Z Ernährungswiss 31 -.269-217
160. Rimbach G, Pallauf J (1993) Enhancement of zinc utilization from phytaterich soy protein isolate by microbial phytase. Z Ernährungswiss 32:308315
161. Rimbach G, Pallauf J (1994) Methoden zur Diagnose des Zinkstatus. Ernährungsumschau 41:144-147
162. Rimbach G, Ingelmann HJ, Pallauf J (1994) The role of phytase in the dietary bioavailability of minerals and trace elements. Ernährungsforschung 39:1-10
163. Rimbach G, Ingelmann HJ, Pallauf J (1994): Antinutritive and benefical effects of dietary phytate. Akt Ernähr Med. 19:141-146
164. Rimbach G, Markant A, Krämer K, Pallauf J (1995): Freie Radikale, Eisen und Phytinsäure. Ernährung/Nutrition 19: 206-210
165. Rimbach G, Brandt K, Most E, Pallauf J (1995) Supplemental phytic acid and microbial phytase change zinc bioavailability and cadmium accumulation in growing rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 9:117-122
166. Roth HP, Kirchgessner M (1974) Zur Aktivität der Pankreascarboxypeptidase A und B bei Zink-Depletion und -Repletion. Z Tierphysiol Tierernährg Futtermittelkde 33:62-67
167. Roth HP, Kirchgessner M (1980) ZnBindungskapazität des Serums. Ein Parameter zur Diagnose von marginalem Zn-Mangel. Res Exp Med 177: 213-219
168. Roth HP, Kirchgessner M (1991) The effect of dietary fats on the hemolysis resistance of the erythrocyte membrane during alimentary zinc and cadmium deficiency in rats. Z Ernährungswiss 30:98-108
169. Sabbah M, Redeuilh G, Secco C, Baulieu EE (1987) The binding activity of estrogen receptor to DNA and heat shock protein is dependent on receptor-bound metal. J Biol Chem 262: 8631-8651
170. Sandberg AS, Ahderinne R, Andersson H, Hallgren B, Hulten L (1983) The effect of citrus pectin on the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 37C:171183
171. Sandstead HH (1981) Trace element interactions. J Lab Clin Med 98:457462
172. Sandstead HH (1982) Copper bioavailability and requirements. Am J Clin Nutr 35:809-814
173. Sandstead HH (1985) Are estimates of trace elements requirements meeting the needs of the user? In: Trace Elements in Man and Animals, Mills CF, Bremner I, Chesters JK (eds) TEMA5, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, United Kingdom, 875-878
174. Sandstead HH, Vo-Khactu KP, Solmons N (1976) Conditioned zinc deficiencies. In: Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease. Zinc and copper, Vol I, Academic Press, New York, 23- 49
175. Sandström B, Arvidsson B, Cederblad A, Björn-Rasmussen E (1980) Zinc absorption from composite meals. I. The significance of wheat extraction rate, zinc, calcium and protein content in meals based on bread. Am 3 Clin Nutr 33:739-745
176. Sandström B, Cederblad A (1987) Effect of ascorbic acid of the absorption of zinc and clacium in man Int J Vitamin Nutr Res 57:87-90
177. Sandström B, Davidsson L, Kivistö B, Hasselblad C (1987) The effect of vegetables and beet fibre on the absorption of zinc in human from a composite meal. Br J Nutr 58:49-57
178. Scheuermann SE, Lantzsch HJ (1982) Zum Einflu verschiedener Faktoren auf die Aktivität der Alkalischen Phosphatase bei landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren und Labortieren. Übers Tierernährung 10:51-74
179. Schwabe JWR, Neuhausm D, Rhodes D (1990) Solution structure of the DNA-binding domain of the oestrogen receptor. Nature London, 348:458-461
180. Schwarz FJ, Kirchgessner M (1975) Zum Einflu organischer Liganden auf die Zn-Absorption in vitro. Z Tierphysiol, Tierernährg u Futtermittelkde 35:257-266
181. Schwarz FJ, Kirchgessner M, Roth HP (1983) Zum Einflu von Pikolinsäure und Zitronensäure auf die intestinale Zink-Absorption in vitro und in vivo. Res Exp Med 182:39-48
182. Schwarz G, Pallauf J (1987) Experimenteller Zn-Mangel bei wachsenden Kaninchen und dessen Einflu auf den Zn-Status des Blutserums. J Anim Physiol a Anim Nutr 57:227-236
183. Scrutton MC, Wu CW, Goldthwait DA (1971) The presence and possible role of zinc in RNA polymerase obtained from Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 68:24972501
184. Seal CJ, Heaton FW (1985) Effect of dietary picolinic acid on the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous zinc in the rat. J Nutr 115:986-993
185. Searle AJF, Tomasi A (1982) Hydroxyl free radical production in iron-cysteine solutions and protection by zinc. J Inorganic Biochem 17:161166
186. Solmons NW, Jacob RA, Pineda O, Viteri FE (1979) Studies on the bioavailability of zinc in man. II. Effects of ascorbic acid on zinc absorption Am J Clin Nutr 32:2495-2499
187. Song MK, Adham NF, Ament ME (1986) Levels and distribution of zinc, copper, magnesium, and calcium in rats fed different levels of dietary zinc. Biol Trace Elem Res 11:75-88
188. Souci SW, Fachmann W, Kraut H (1989) Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel, Nährwert-Tabellen 1989/90, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Stuttgart
189. Swenerton H, Hurley LS (1968) Severe zinc deficiency in male and female rats. J Nutr 95:8-18
190. Taylor CO, Bettger WJ, Bray TM (1988) Effect of dietary zinc and copper deficiency on the primary free radical defense sytstem in rats, i Nutr 118:613-621
191. Terhune MW, Sandstead HH (1972) Decreased RNA polymerase activity in mammalian zinc deficiency. Science 177:68-69
192. Thomas JP, Bachowski GJ, Girotti AW (1986) Inhibition of cell membrane lipid peroxidation by cadmium and zinc-metallothioneins. Biochim Biophys Acta 884:448-461
193. Thorlacius-Ussing O (1987) Zinc in the anterior pituitary of rat a histochemical and analytical work. Neuroendocrinology 45:233-242
194. Todd WR, Elvehjem CA, Hart EB (1934) Zinc in the nutrition of the rat. Am J Physiol 107:146-156
195. Tucker HF, Salmon WD (1955) Parakeratosis or zinc deficiency disease in the pig. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 88: 613-616
196. Turnlund IR, King JC, Keyes WR, Gong B, Michel MC (1984) A stable isotope study of zinc absorption in young men effects of phytate and -cellulose. Am J Clin Nutr 40:1071-1077
197. Turull MR, Argemi J, Gutierrez C, Lechuga JL, Torra M (1994) Evaluation of serum zinc binding capacity during childbirth, in newborn infants and during the menstruation cycle. Ann Nutr Metab 38:20-27
198. Vallberg LS, Flanagan PR, Brennan J, Chamberlain MJ (1984) Effect of iron, tin and copper on zinc absorption in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 40:536-541
199. Vallée BL, Neurath H (1955) Carboxypeptidase, a zinc métalloenzyme. J Biol Chem 217:253-261
200. Vallée BL, Auld DS (1990) Active site zinc ligands and activated HiO of zinc enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 87:220-224
201. Vallée BL, Coleman JE, Auld DS (1991) Zinc fingers, zinc clusters, and zinc twists in DNA-binding protein domains. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 88: 999-1003
202. Vallée BL, Falchuk KH (1993) The biochemical basis of zinc physiology. Physiol Rev 73:79-118
203. VERA-Schriftenreihe (1994) Lebensmittel- und Nährstoffaufnahme Erwachsener in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Kubier W, Anders HJ, Heeschen W (Hrsg), Wissenschaftlicher Fachverlag Niederkleen
204. Wallwork JC, Duerre JA (1983) Effect of zinc deficiency on methionine me-tabolism, methylation reactions and protein synthesis in isolated perfused rat liver. J Nutr 115:252-262
205. Weigand E (1983) Nutritive Faktoren von Einflu auf den Zinkstatus In: Die Bedeutung des Zinks in der Medizin, Schmidt K, Bayer W (Hrsg), Verlag für Medizin Dr Ewald Fischer, Heidelberg, 25-47
206. Weigand E, Kirchgessner M (1978) Homeostatic adjestments in zinc digestion to wideley varying dietary zinc intakes. Nutr Metabol 22:101-112
207. Weigand E, Kirchgessner M (1980) Total true efficiency of zinc utilization determination and homeostatic dependence upon the zinc supply status in young rats. J Nutr 110:469-480
208. Weismann K, H0yer H (1986) Serum zinc levels during oral glucocorticoid therapy. J Invest Dermatol 86:715-716
209. Welch RM, House WA, Van Campen D (1977) Effects of oxalic acid on availability of zinc from spinach levels and zinc sulfate to rats. J Nutr 107:929-933
210. Wilson EM (1985) Interconversion of androgcn receptor formed by divalent calions and 8S androgen receptor-promotion factor Effect of Zn2, Cd2f' Ca2' and Mg2. J Biol Chem 260: 8683-8689
211. Zindenberg-Cherr S, Keen CL (1991) Essential trace elements in antioxidant processes In: Trace Elements, Micronutrients, and Free Radicals, Dreosti IE (ed) Humana Press Inc, Totowa, New Jersey, 107-127
212. Zwicki C, Fraker P (1980) Restoration of the antibody mediated response of zinc/caloric deficient neonatal mice. Immunological Comm 9:611-626