-
1
-
-
0343026785
-
-
7 January
-
Daily Graphic, 7 January 1982.
-
(1982)
Daily Graphic
-
-
-
2
-
-
0343026785
-
-
11 January
-
Daily Graphic, 11 January 1982.
-
(1982)
Daily Graphic
-
-
-
3
-
-
85032998348
-
-
note
-
Initially the date was 7 January 1993 when the constitution came into force, but the difficulty of completing prosecutions in progress in the Public Tribunals by this time made a six month prolongation of their independent lives necessary.
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
84974098094
-
The Military in the criminal law in Nigeria
-
Autumn
-
M. Adekunle Owoade, 'The Military in the criminal law in Nigeria', Journal of African Law, 2, 33 (Autumn, 1989), pp. 135-148. It was under the provisions of the Civil Disturbances (Special Tribunal) (Amendment) Decree No. 13 of 1987 that the Special Tribunal was constituted that recently tried and convicted (31 October 1995) Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight others for the murder of four Ogoni chiefs.
-
(1989)
Journal of African Law
, vol.2
, Issue.33
, pp. 135-148
-
-
Adekunle Owoade, M.1
-
6
-
-
84976052810
-
Changing the courts in Zimbabwe: The customary law and primary courts act
-
Autumn
-
Andrew Ladley, 'Changing the courts in Zimbabwe: The customary law and primary courts act', Journal of African Law, 2, 26 (Autumn, 1982), p. 101.
-
(1982)
Journal of African Law
, vol.2
, Issue.26
, pp. 101
-
-
Ladley, A.1
-
8
-
-
6244232473
-
-
unpub. PhD thesis, Simon Fraser University
-
Kenneth A. Attafuah, 'Criminal justice policy, public tribunals and the administration of justice in Rawlings' Ghana (1982-1992): A study in the political economy', unpub. PhD thesis, Simon Fraser University, 1993, p. 17.
-
(1993)
Criminal Justice Policy, Public Tribunals and the Administration of Justice in Rawlings' Ghana (1982-1992): A Study in the Political Economy
, pp. 17
-
-
Attafuah, K.A.1
-
9
-
-
0022833164
-
Custom and coups: A judicial interpretation of civil order and disorder in Ghana
-
For example, Maxwell Owusu, 'Custom and coups: A judicial interpretation of civil order and disorder in Ghana', The Journal of Modern African Studies, 24, 1 (1986), pp. 69-99; Donald Ray (Canadian), Ghana: Politics, economics and society (London, 1986), pp. 59 and 102-103; Kwame Ninsin, 'Ghanaian politics after 1981: Revolution or evolution', Canadian Journal of African Studies, 20,1 (1987), pp. 17-37; Baffour Agyeman-Duah, 'Ghana, 1982-6: The politics of the PNDC', The Journal of Modern African Studies, 25, 4 (December, 1987), pp. 613-642; while Kofi N. Awoonor in his Ghana: A political history (Accra, 1990), p. 251, allots all of four lines to the Public Tribunals. There is somewhat more treatment of the Public Tribunals in Kevin Shillington's (British), Ghana and the Rawlings factor (London, 1992), pp. 84-85 and 140-142.
-
(1986)
The Journal of Modern African Studies
, vol.24
, Issue.1
, pp. 69-99
-
-
Owusu, M.1
-
10
-
-
85040854431
-
-
London
-
For example, Maxwell Owusu, 'Custom and coups: A judicial interpretation of civil order and disorder in Ghana', The Journal of Modern African Studies, 24, 1 (1986), pp. 69-99; Donald Ray (Canadian), Ghana: Politics, economics and society (London, 1986), pp. 59 and 102-103; Kwame Ninsin, 'Ghanaian politics after 1981: Revolution or evolution', Canadian Journal of African Studies, 20,1 (1987), pp. 17-37; Baffour Agyeman-Duah, 'Ghana, 1982-6: The politics of the PNDC', The Journal of Modern African Studies, 25, 4 (December, 1987), pp. 613-642; while Kofi N. Awoonor in his Ghana: A political history (Accra, 1990), p. 251, allots all of four lines to the Public Tribunals. There is somewhat more treatment of the Public Tribunals in Kevin Shillington's (British), Ghana and the Rawlings factor (London, 1992), pp. 84-85 and 140-142.
-
(1986)
Ghana: Politics, Economics and Society
, pp. 59
-
-
Ray, D.1
-
11
-
-
0022833164
-
Ghanaian politics after 1981: Revolution or evolution
-
For example, Maxwell Owusu, 'Custom and coups: A judicial interpretation of civil order and disorder in Ghana', The Journal of Modern African Studies, 24, 1 (1986), pp. 69-99; Donald Ray (Canadian), Ghana: Politics, economics and society (London, 1986), pp. 59 and 102-103; Kwame Ninsin, 'Ghanaian politics after 1981: Revolution or evolution', Canadian Journal of African Studies, 20,1 (1987), pp. 17-37; Baffour Agyeman-Duah, 'Ghana, 1982-6: The politics of the PNDC', The Journal of Modern African Studies, 25, 4 (December, 1987), pp. 613-642; while Kofi N. Awoonor in his Ghana: A political history (Accra, 1990), p. 251, allots all of four lines to the Public Tribunals. There is somewhat more treatment of the Public Tribunals in Kevin Shillington's (British), Ghana and the Rawlings factor (London, 1992), pp. 84-85 and 140-142.
-
(1987)
Canadian Journal of African Studies
, vol.20
, Issue.1
, pp. 17-37
-
-
Ninsin, K.1
-
12
-
-
0023480106
-
Ghana, 1982-6: The politics of the PNDC
-
December
-
For example, Maxwell Owusu, 'Custom and coups: A judicial interpretation of civil order and disorder in Ghana', The Journal of Modern African Studies, 24, 1 (1986), pp. 69-99; Donald Ray (Canadian), Ghana: Politics, economics and society (London, 1986), pp. 59 and 102-103; Kwame Ninsin, 'Ghanaian politics after 1981: Revolution or evolution', Canadian Journal of African Studies, 20,1 (1987), pp. 17-37; Baffour Agyeman-Duah, 'Ghana, 1982-6: The politics of the PNDC', The Journal of Modern African Studies, 25, 4 (December, 1987), pp. 613-642; while Kofi N. Awoonor in his Ghana: A political history (Accra, 1990), p. 251, allots all of four lines to the Public Tribunals. There is somewhat more treatment of the Public Tribunals in Kevin Shillington's (British), Ghana and the Rawlings factor (London, 1992), pp. 84-85 and 140-142.
-
(1987)
The Journal of Modern African Studies
, vol.25
, Issue.4
, pp. 613-642
-
-
Agyeman-Duah, B.1
-
13
-
-
0022833164
-
-
Accra
-
For example, Maxwell Owusu, 'Custom and coups: A judicial interpretation of civil order and disorder in Ghana', The Journal of Modern African Studies, 24, 1 (1986), pp. 69-99; Donald Ray (Canadian), Ghana: Politics, economics and society (London, 1986), pp. 59 and 102-103; Kwame Ninsin, 'Ghanaian politics after 1981: Revolution or evolution', Canadian Journal of African Studies, 20,1 (1987), pp. 17-37; Baffour Agyeman-Duah, 'Ghana, 1982-6: The politics of the PNDC', The Journal of Modern African Studies, 25, 4 (December, 1987), pp. 613-642; while Kofi N. Awoonor in his Ghana: A political history (Accra, 1990), p. 251, allots all of four lines to the Public Tribunals. There is somewhat more treatment of the Public Tribunals in Kevin Shillington's (British), Ghana and the Rawlings factor (London, 1992), pp. 84-85 and 140-142.
-
(1990)
Ghana: A Political History
, pp. 251
-
-
Awoonor, K.N.1
-
14
-
-
0022833164
-
-
London
-
For example, Maxwell Owusu, 'Custom and coups: A judicial interpretation of civil order and disorder in Ghana', The Journal of Modern African Studies, 24, 1 (1986), pp. 69-99; Donald Ray (Canadian), Ghana: Politics, economics and society (London, 1986), pp. 59 and 102-103; Kwame Ninsin, 'Ghanaian politics after 1981: Revolution or evolution', Canadian Journal of African Studies, 20,1 (1987), pp. 17-37; Baffour Agyeman-Duah, 'Ghana, 1982-6: The politics of the PNDC', The Journal of Modern African Studies, 25, 4 (December, 1987), pp. 613-642; while Kofi N. Awoonor in his Ghana: A political history (Accra, 1990), p. 251, allots all of four lines to the Public Tribunals. There is somewhat more treatment of the Public Tribunals in Kevin Shillington's (British), Ghana and the Rawlings factor (London, 1992), pp. 84-85 and 140-142.
-
(1992)
Ghana and the Rawlings Factor
, pp. 84-85
-
-
Shillington, K.1
-
15
-
-
6244225851
-
Restructuring Ghana's legal system - What are the facts?
-
3 January
-
For example, Kojo Smith, 'Restructuring Ghana's legal system - what are the facts?', Talking Drums, 3 January 1984, pp. 16-18; Kwadwo Afari-Gyan, Public Tribunals and Justice in Ghana (Accra 1988); Samuel Gyandoh, 'Tinkering with the criminal justice system in common law Africa', Temple Law Review, 62, 4 (Winter 1989), pp. 1131-1174; and Mike Oquaye, 'Law, justice and the revolution', in E. Gyimah-Boadi, ed., Ghana Under PNDC Rule (Dakar, 1993), pp. 154-175.
-
(1984)
Talking Drums
, pp. 16-18
-
-
Smith, K.1
-
16
-
-
6244308303
-
-
Accra
-
For example, Kojo Smith, 'Restructuring Ghana's legal system - what are the facts?', Talking Drums, 3 January 1984, pp. 16-18; Kwadwo Afari-Gyan, Public Tribunals and Justice in Ghana (Accra 1988); Samuel Gyandoh, 'Tinkering with the criminal justice system in common law Africa', Temple Law Review, 62, 4 (Winter 1989), pp. 1131-1174; and Mike Oquaye, 'Law, justice and the revolution', in E. Gyimah-Boadi, ed., Ghana Under PNDC Rule (Dakar, 1993), pp. 154-175.
-
(1988)
Public Tribunals and Justice in Ghana
-
-
Afari-Gyan, K.1
-
17
-
-
6244306177
-
Tinkering with the criminal justice system in common law Africa
-
Winter
-
For example, Kojo Smith, 'Restructuring Ghana's legal system - what are the facts?', Talking Drums, 3 January 1984, pp. 16-18; Kwadwo Afari-Gyan, Public Tribunals and Justice in Ghana (Accra 1988); Samuel Gyandoh, 'Tinkering with the criminal justice system in common law Africa', Temple Law Review, 62, 4 (Winter 1989), pp. 1131-1174; and Mike Oquaye, 'Law, justice and the revolution', in E. Gyimah-Boadi, ed., Ghana Under PNDC Rule (Dakar, 1993), pp. 154-175.
-
(1989)
Temple Law Review
, vol.62
, Issue.4
, pp. 1131-1174
-
-
Gyandoh, S.1
-
18
-
-
84900616125
-
Law, justice and the revolution
-
E. Gyimah-Boadi, ed., Dakar
-
For example, Kojo Smith, 'Restructuring Ghana's legal system - what are the facts?', Talking Drums, 3 January 1984, pp. 16-18; Kwadwo Afari-Gyan, Public Tribunals and Justice in Ghana (Accra 1988); Samuel Gyandoh, 'Tinkering with the criminal justice system in common law Africa', Temple Law Review, 62, 4 (Winter 1989), pp. 1131-1174; and Mike Oquaye, 'Law, justice and the revolution', in E. Gyimah-Boadi, ed., Ghana Under PNDC Rule (Dakar, 1993), pp. 154-175.
-
(1993)
Ghana under PNDC Rule
, pp. 154-175
-
-
Oquaye, M.1
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21
-
-
84900657207
-
-
One of the best examples of this was the case of Mr Christian Aggrey, editor of The Ghanaian Times . On account of a letter to the editor that commented unfavourably on a case before the Accra Public Tribunal that The Ghanaian Times published, the Tribunal 'invited' him to show 'why he should not be charged with contempt'. It was ironic since in general Aggrey was an enthusiastic supporter of the Tribunal system; see The Ghanaian Times, 8 August 1985.
-
The Ghanaian Times
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-
Aggrey, C.1
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22
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6244278542
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-
8 August
-
One of the best examples of this was the case of Mr Christian Aggrey, editor of The Ghanaian Times . On account of a letter to the editor that commented unfavourably on a case before the Accra Public Tribunal that The Ghanaian Times published, the Tribunal 'invited' him to show 'why he should not be charged with contempt'. It was ironic since in general Aggrey was an enthusiastic supporter of the Tribunal system; see The Ghanaian Times, 8 August 1985.
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(1985)
The Ghanaian Times
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-
-
23
-
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84926275988
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Ghana's precarious revolution
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July-August
-
For example, Victoria Britain, 'Ghana's precarious revolution', New Left Review, 140 (July-August, 1983) p. 55; K. Ninsin, 'Ghanaian politics after 1981', p. 23.
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(1983)
New Left Review
, vol.140
, pp. 55
-
-
Britain, V.1
-
24
-
-
85033009108
-
-
For example, Victoria Britain, 'Ghana's precarious revolution', New Left Review, 140 (July-August, 1983) p. 55; K. Ninsin, 'Ghanaian politics after 1981', p. 23.
-
Ghanaian Politics after 1981
, pp. 23
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-
Ninsin, K.1
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27
-
-
6244306179
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-
London
-
Amnesty International, The Public Tribunals in Ghana (London, 1984); Amnesty International, Ghana: Political imprisonment and the death penalty (London, 1991); and Human Rights Watch/Africa, Ghana: Revolutionary injustice, abuse of the legal system under the PNDC government (New York, 1992).
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(1984)
The Public Tribunals in Ghana
-
-
-
28
-
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0003889106
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-
London
-
Amnesty International, The Public Tribunals in Ghana (London, 1984); Amnesty International, Ghana: Political imprisonment and the death penalty (London, 1991); and Human Rights Watch/Africa, Ghana: Revolutionary injustice, abuse of the legal system under the PNDC government (New York, 1992).
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(1991)
Ghana: Political Imprisonment and the Death Penalty
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-
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30
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85032998691
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note
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There is also a vast amount of television footage of their activities that hopefully future scholars will be able to use.
-
-
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31
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6244278541
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6 April
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The term 'culture of silence' became fashionable in Ghana in 1987 after Flt-Lt. Rawlings used it to describe that he felt was 'people at various levels of authority . . . using [the chain of command] to subjugate and demand a subservient state of interrelationship with subordinates'. People's Daily Graphic, 6 April 1987.
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(1987)
People's Daily Graphic
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-
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33
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0010493362
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4 August
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West Africa, 4 August 1972.
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(1972)
West Africa
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-
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35
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6244252604
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2 July
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West Africa, 2 July 1979. The AFRC overthrew the government of the Supreme Military Council which in 1977 had resulted from an internal reshuffling of the NRC.
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(1979)
West Africa
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-
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36
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6244284922
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29 March
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'Lawyers and Society', speech by Dr Kwame Nkrumah when he laid the foundation stone for the Ghana Law School in March 1959, cited in the Ghanaian Times, 29 March 1989.
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(1989)
Ghanaian Times
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-
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37
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6244259381
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23 June
-
The British section of Amnesty International was so concerned about the nature of this justice that in 1980 the organization sent a telegram to President Limann appealing for a judicial review of such cases. West Africa, 23 June 1980.
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(1980)
West Africa
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-
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38
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85033032900
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The Transitional provisions
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11 April
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This is how Dr Kweku Foison of the University of Ghana described the Transitional Provisions. 'The Transitional provisions', Legon Observer, 11 April 1980, p. 130.
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(1980)
Legon Observer
, pp. 130
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-
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39
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85033016626
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11 April, 16 May, 29 May, 19 September, 21 November 1980, and 25 December 1981
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11 April, 16 May, 29 May, 19 September, 21 November 1980, and 25 December 1981.
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-
-
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40
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85033033549
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The Transitional provisions
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11 April
-
Kweku Foison, 'The Transitional provisions', Legon Observer, 11 April 1980, p. 131.
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(1980)
Legon Observer
, pp. 131
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-
Foison, K.1
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41
-
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85032998493
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The 'Constitution and question of values-I
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19 September
-
Kwamena Ahowi, 'The 'Constitution and question of values-I', Legon Observer, 19 September 1980, p. 223. Ahwoi went on to hold a number of important positions in the PNDC government; he is currently Minister of Local Government and Rural Development.
-
(1980)
Legon Observer
, pp. 223
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-
Ahowi, K.1
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45
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85033001593
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note
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The NIC investigated cases of corruption while the CVC was primarily concerned with tax evasion, over-invoicing, fraudulent bank loans, offences relating to customs and excise and illegal currency transactions.
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-
-
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46
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0343026785
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10 February, 2 March, 31 March, 2 April, and 28 June
-
For example, Daily Graphic, 10 February, 2 March, 31 March, 2 April, and 28 June 1982. The PNDC moved rapidly to control the state-controlled media by replacing editorial boards of the Daily Graphic and the Ghanaian Times as well as the news and television directors of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation. Attafuah, 'Criminal justice policy', p. 166.
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(1982)
Daily Graphic
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-
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47
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85033020650
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-
For example, Daily Graphic, 10 February, 2 March, 31 March, 2 April, and 28 June 1982. The PNDC moved rapidly to control the state-controlled media by replacing editorial boards of the Daily Graphic and the Ghanaian Times as well as the news and television directors of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation. Attafuah, 'Criminal justice policy', p. 166.
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Criminal Justice Policy
, pp. 166
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Attafuah1
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48
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0343026785
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31 July
-
This took place during the night of 29 July and early in the morning of the next day. It was reported in the Daily Graphic on 31 July 1982. The three murdered were Mr Justice K. A. Agyepong, Mrs Justice C. Koranteng-Addow and Mr Justice F. P. Sarkodee. Also murdered at this time was a retired army officer, Major Sam Acquah, who was at the time the director of personnel at the para-statal company, Ghana Industrial Holding Company (GIHOC). For the best coverage of this tragedy see West Africa, 12July, 19 July, 30 August 1982.
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(1982)
Daily Graphic
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-
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49
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0010493362
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12July, 19 July, 30 August
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This took place during the night of 29 July and early in the morning of the next day. It was reported in the Daily Graphic on 31 July 1982. The three murdered were Mr Justice K. A. Agyepong, Mrs Justice C. Koranteng-Addow and Mr Justice F. P. Sarkodee. Also murdered at this time was a retired army officer, Major Sam Acquah, who was at the time the director of personnel at the para-statal company, Ghana Industrial Holding Company (GIHOC). For the best coverage of this tragedy see West Africa, 12July, 19 July, 30 August 1982.
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(1982)
West Africa
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50
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0004210724
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Instead unruly mobs ransacked two meeting halls that the ARPB used, and the PNDC 'failed to issue any public condemnation of these latest acts of vandalism'. Kevin Shillington, Ghana and the Rawlings Factor, p. 90.
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Ghana and the Rawlings Factor
, pp. 90
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Shillington, K.1
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52
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0010493362
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7-13 November
-
Claims that Tsikata was directly involved continue to give rise to legal challenges. On 29 October 1994 the High Court in London ruled that a 1992 report in the London Newspaper, The Independent, that the SIB had found that Tsikata had 'masterminded' the kidnap and subsequent murder of the three judges in 1982 was privileged and therefore could not be libelous. West Africa, 7-13 November 1994.
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(1994)
West Africa
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-
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53
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85033020650
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Statement by Mr G. K. Agyekum in an interview with Mr B. F. Bankie, former Registrar of the Superior Court of Judicature, 20 May 1987. Cited in Attafuah, 'Criminal justice policy', p. 202.
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Criminal Justice Policy
, pp. 202
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-
Attafuah1
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55
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85033027683
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1 September 1982
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1 September 1982.
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-
-
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56
-
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85033033778
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note
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For example, provision 17 stipulated that 'non-compliance with the rules governing the mode of trial shall not render a trial invalid unless a substantial miscarriage of justice has been occasioned'.
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-
-
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57
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85033008560
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note
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However, the Public Tribunals Board, which was to administer the system, out of its five to fifteen members one had to be a lawyer of not less than 5 years standing. P.N.D.C.L. 24, 2 (1).
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-
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58
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0343026785
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28 September
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Daily Graphic, 28 September 1982. For example, one of the first cases to come before the first of these tribunals involved three ex-PNP (The People's National Parry - the governing party that the PNDC had removed) men who were accused of taking a 'loan' of one million cedis. In the government controlled press such people were singled out as 'enemies of the revolution'. Daily Graphic, 16 September 1982.
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(1982)
Daily Graphic
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-
-
59
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0343026785
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16 September
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Daily Graphic, 28 September 1982. For example, one of the first cases to come before the first of these tribunals involved three ex-PNP (The People's National Parry - the governing party that the PNDC had removed) men who were accused of taking a 'loan' of one million cedis. In the government controlled press such people were singled out as 'enemies of the revolution'. Daily Graphic, 16 September 1982.
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(1982)
Daily Graphic
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-
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60
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0343026785
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4 September
-
The Special Investigations Board (SIB) that the PNDC had set up under the Chairmanship of Justice Samuel Azu-Crabbe to investigate the murders was then sitting, and had already publicly revealed the extent to which well connected soldiers had been involved in the plot to kill the judges and the retired army major. Daily Graphic, 4 September 1982.
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(1982)
Daily Graphic
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-
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61
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0343026785
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1 October
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Daily Graphic, 1 October 1982.
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(1982)
Daily Graphic
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-
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62
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0343026785
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1 October
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Daily Graphic, 1 October 1982.
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(1982)
Daily Graphic
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-
-
63
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0343026785
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1 October
-
Daily Graphic, 1 October 1982.
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(1982)
Daily Graphic
-
-
-
64
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85033020598
-
-
Interview with Mr Tetteh, a senior member of the Ghana Bar, Accra, 11 July 1994. Courts were also under attack. According to Amnesty International, 'by the end of 1982 at least five courts had been closed by the action of individual PDCs and WDCs. These were district magistrates courts at Agona Swedru and Sogakofe, and district courts grade II at Asamankese, Salaga and Offinso'. Amnesty International, The Public Tribunals in Ghana, p. 3.
-
The Public Tribunals in Ghana
, pp. 3
-
-
-
65
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0343026785
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1 October
-
Daily Graphic, 1 October 1982.
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(1982)
Daily Graphic
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-
-
66
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6244231484
-
-
30 September
-
Ghanaian Times, 30 September 1982. It was hardly surprising, given the hostility to lawyers in the country at the time, that it would have been difficult if not unsafe for them to travel to Kumasi.
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(1982)
Ghanaian Times
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-
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67
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6244231484
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5 October
-
Ghanaian Times, 5 October 1982.
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(1982)
Ghanaian Times
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-
-
68
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6244231484
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-
31 December
-
Mr George K. Agyekum, Chairman of the Board of the Public Tribunals, Ghanaian Times, 31 December 1982.
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(1982)
Ghanaian Times
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-
-
69
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85033024946
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-
note
-
The intention from the start was to create many tribunals, but until February 1983 there was only one tribunal which sat in Accra in the old State House building.
-
-
-
-
70
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0343026785
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4 November
-
Daily Graphic, 4 November 1982.
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(1982)
Daily Graphic
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-
-
71
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0343026785
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9 November
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Daily Graphic, 9 November 1982.
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(1982)
Daily Graphic
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-
-
72
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0343026785
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20 October
-
Daily Graphic, 20 October 1982.
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(1982)
Daily Graphic
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-
-
73
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84951393421
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7 February and 17 February
-
People's Daily Graphic, 7 February and 17 February. In 1983 the Daily Graphic became the People's Daily Graphic. It retained this name until 3 January 1994 when the paper reverted to its original name.
-
People's Daily Graphic
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-
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74
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85033027331
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note
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P.N.D.C.L. 24 gave the Tribunals the authority to impose the death penalty.
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-
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77
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85033016818
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-
About twenty-six people were tried by the Public Tribunal for their involvement in this coup. Nearly all were convicted, but there were no death sentences. The harshest punishments were life imprisonment. Amnesty International, Ghana: Political imprisonment and the death penalty, pp. 29-30.
-
Ghana: Political Imprisonment and the Death Penalty
, pp. 29-30
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-
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79
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-
-
21 July, 16 August, and 1 September
-
The trial of the five men accused of these murders began on 21 July. One was tried in absentia since he had escaped from jail a few days before the trial began. The trial was completed on 16 August and by 1 September all those in custody had been executed. People's Daily Graphic, 21 July, 16 August, and 1 September 1983.
-
(1983)
People's Daily Graphic
-
-
-
80
-
-
6244267248
-
-
24 June
-
Ghanaian Times, 24 June 1983.
-
(1983)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
81
-
-
6244267248
-
-
27 June
-
Ghanaian Times, 27 June 1983.
-
(1983)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
82
-
-
6244305943
-
-
Accra
-
The estimated expenditure was 19,346,000 cedis out of a total estimated budget of over sixteen billion cedis. The government planned on spending more than ten million cedis on fuel and power than on the administration of justice, and four and a half times as much on youth and sports. The P.N.D.C. budget statement and economic policy for 1984 (Accra 1984), pp.-27-28.
-
(1984)
The P.N.D.C. Budget Statement and Economic Policy for 1984
-
-
-
83
-
-
85033019800
-
-
note
-
Information supplied by Mr E. A. Owusu-Ansah, Deputy Judicial Secretary, Accra, Supreme Court, 12 August 1994.
-
-
-
-
84
-
-
85033010520
-
-
note
-
The District Tribunals, however, were not established until 1988. Information from an interview with Mr N. C. Agbevor, Financial Administrator of the Public Tribunals, Accra, 5 August 1994.
-
-
-
-
86
-
-
6244227862
-
-
9 April, 3 June, and 4 June
-
(SIB) recommended that ten persons be tried for the crime among whom was Kojo Tsikata, the PNDC's head of state security. Nevertheless, the Attorney General refused to proceed against him. Instead, there was a bitter campaign in the state controlled press and on the television to discredit the SIB and suggest that its Chairman, Justice Azu-Crabbe, was playing politics, and that the CIA was influencing its decisions. People's Daily Graphic, 9 April, 3 June, and 4 June 1983.
-
(1983)
People's Daily Graphic
-
-
-
87
-
-
6244293105
-
-
26 June and 7 July
-
The case involved a shooting of a bank clerk at a filling station in the Dansoman area of Accra. The station manager and others were charged, but it seemed as if well-placed friends of the accused were manoeuvring to get them off. Ghanaian Times, 26 June and 7 July 1984.
-
(1984)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
88
-
-
85033031010
-
-
note
-
The role of 'insider influence' in preventing this from happening cannot be ruled out.
-
-
-
-
89
-
-
85033022463
-
-
Interview with Mr Y. N. Agbesi, a senior member of the Ghana bar (he had begun to practise in 1966), Accra, 4 August 1994. By 1986, Mr George Agyekum estimated that over a hundred lawyers had appeared before the Tribunals. Speech delivered at the Maastricht University, 20 December 1986, cited in Attafuah, 'Criminal justice and policy', p. 246.
-
Criminal Justice and Policy
, pp. 246
-
-
-
90
-
-
85033031000
-
-
note
-
This was the reason given by Mr Y. N. Nelson for his decision to represent clients (many of whom could not pay him) before the Accra Public Tribunal, 4 August 1994.
-
-
-
-
91
-
-
6244293105
-
-
10 January, 18 January, 28 March, and 16 April
-
For example see the Ghanaian Times, 10 January, 18 January, 28 March, and 16 April 1984.
-
(1984)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
92
-
-
6244293105
-
-
7 June
-
Ghanaian Times, 7 June 1984. Also he was accused of taking a 72,000 loan from Tribunal fines and using seized vehicles for his private use.
-
(1984)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
93
-
-
6244293105
-
-
20 July
-
Ghanaian Times, 20 July 1984. He acknowledged that he had appropriated fines as personal loans, but argued that at the time this had been an unwritten, accepted practice for members of the Tribunal. S. Gyandoh, 'Tinkering with the criminal justice system', p. 1135.
-
(1984)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
94
-
-
85033017195
-
-
Ghanaian Times, 20 July 1984. He acknowledged that he had appropriated fines as personal loans, but argued that at the time this had been an unwritten, accepted practice for members of the Tribunal. S. Gyandoh, 'Tinkering with the criminal justice system', p. 1135.
-
Tinkering with the Criminal Justice System
, pp. 1135
-
-
Gyandoh, S.1
-
95
-
-
6244293105
-
-
8 August
-
Ghanaian Times, 8 August 1984.
-
(1984)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
96
-
-
6244278542
-
-
11 January
-
Ghanaian Times, 11 January 1985.
-
(1985)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
97
-
-
6244278542
-
-
14 August
-
The Editor of the Ghanaian Times, Mr Christian Aggrey, was particularly critical of how the Board of Public Tribunals had conducted this appeal. Ghanaian Times, 14 August 1985.
-
(1985)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
100
-
-
6244293105
-
-
13 August
-
Ghanaian Times, 13 August 1984.
-
(1984)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
102
-
-
6244293105
-
-
14 September
-
The Ghanaian Times, 14 September 1984. At this time Rawlings was also determined not to show partiality in the murder case involving his friend, Flt-Lt. Kojo Lee. He was also convicted and sentenced to be executed. He appealed to the National Appeals Tribunal which dismissed his appeal, and Rawlings refused his petition for clemency. K. Shillington, Ghana and the Rawlings Factor, p. 142. He was executed shortly afterwards. The Ghanaian Times, 1 October 1984.
-
(1984)
The Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
103
-
-
0004210724
-
-
The Ghanaian Times, 14 September 1984. At this time Rawlings was also determined not to show partiality in the murder case involving his friend, Flt-Lt. Kojo Lee. He was also convicted and sentenced to be executed. He appealed to the National Appeals Tribunal which dismissed his appeal, and Rawlings refused his petition for clemency. K. Shillington, Ghana and the Rawlings Factor, p. 142. He was executed shortly afterwards. The Ghanaian Times, 1 October 1984.
-
Ghana and the Rawlings Factor
, pp. 142
-
-
Shillington, K.1
-
104
-
-
6244293105
-
-
1 October
-
The Ghanaian Times, 14 September 1984. At this time Rawlings was also determined not to show partiality in the murder case involving his friend, Flt-Lt. Kojo Lee. He was also convicted and sentenced to be executed. He appealed to the National Appeals Tribunal which dismissed his appeal, and Rawlings refused his petition for clemency. K. Shillington, Ghana and the Rawlings Factor, p. 142. He was executed shortly afterwards. The Ghanaian Times, 1 October 1984.
-
(1984)
The Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
106
-
-
85033009426
-
Administration of Justice
-
27 February
-
Nii K. Bentsi-Enchill, 'Administration of Justice', West Africa, 27 February 1984.
-
(1984)
West Africa
-
-
Bentsi-Enchill, N.K.1
-
107
-
-
85032999196
-
Bar keeps boycott
-
11 November
-
Ben Ephson, 'Bar keeps boycott', West Africa, 11 November 1985. The vote was 90 to 36.
-
(1985)
West Africa
-
-
Ephson, B.1
-
109
-
-
0010493362
-
-
11 November
-
West Africa, 11 November 1985.
-
(1985)
West Africa
-
-
-
110
-
-
6244252605
-
Chief Justice deplores adjournment of cases
-
7 October
-
'Chief Justice deplores adjournment of cases', Ghanaian Times, 7 October 1988.
-
(1988)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
111
-
-
85033009106
-
The Task of the public tribunals
-
18 May
-
Muhammad A. Mongu, 'The Task of the public tribunals', Ghanaian Times, 18 May 1989. In 1988 out of 1,563 cases 1,390 were disposed. In all fairness it should be pointed out that in general criminal cases can be dealt with more rapidly.
-
(1989)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
Mongu, M.A.1
-
113
-
-
6244278542
-
-
28 May
-
Ghanaian Times, 28 May 1985. Four were sentenced for 'duping' the Ghana Commercial Bank of 56 million cedis, and five for taking 26-7 million cedis from the Social Security Bank.
-
(1985)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
114
-
-
6244278542
-
-
2 March
-
Ghanaian Times, 2 March 1985.
-
(1985)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
115
-
-
84900657207
-
-
18 March
-
Ghanaian Times, 18 March. They were to prosecute those who did not pay local rates, absented themselves from compulsory work, overcharged for transportation and, reflective of the serious problems with bush fires that the recent drought had contributed to, they were also to prosecute those who contravened the provisions of the Bush Fire Law of 1983.
-
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
116
-
-
6244278542
-
-
10 June
-
Ghanaian Times, 10 June 1985.
-
(1985)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
118
-
-
85033021205
-
-
note
-
This excluded the National Appeals Tribunal. From here onwards the number of tribunals hovered around 13 to 15. Information from Mr N. C. Agbevor, Board of Public Tribunals, Accra, 5 August 1994.
-
-
-
-
119
-
-
85033027373
-
-
note
-
There was a great deal of television coverage of these trials.
-
-
-
-
120
-
-
85033027346
-
-
note
-
'Galamsey' is small scale gold mining, at that time illegal.
-
-
-
-
121
-
-
85033001434
-
-
27 August
-
For example, in August 1988 six people were tried for trying to export 2,000 parrots. One of them was an American. Ghanaian Times, 27 August 1988. In January 1988 six people were sentenced to die for fraudulent cattle deals that cost Ghana over $4 million. They were Niger and Mali nationals. Ghanaian Times, 21 January 1988.
-
(1988)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
122
-
-
85033001434
-
-
21 January
-
For example, in August 1988 six people were tried for trying to export 2,000 parrots. One of them was an American. Ghanaian Times, 27 August 1988. In January 1988 six people were sentenced to die for fraudulent cattle deals that cost Ghana over $4 million. They were Niger and Mali nationals. Ghanaian Times, 21 January 1988.
-
(1988)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
123
-
-
5844330986
-
-
2 February and 3 May
-
The two most celebrated cases of this nature were the David Agudu and the Thomas Dylan murder cases. The former was accused, convicted and executed for the murder of an American woman tourist while the former shared a similar fate for murdering a British national. People's Daily Graphic, 2 February and 3 May 1990.
-
(1990)
People's Daily Graphic
-
-
-
124
-
-
84974324316
-
Rastafari in the promised land: The spread of a Jamaican socio-religious movement among the youth of West Africa
-
December
-
The cultivation and use of cannabis seems to be a recent development in Ghana, occurring, Neil Savishinsky has argued, in the last ten to fifteen years. By 1990 this had increased to the point where the government declared 1990 the 'Year of the war on Wee'. Neil Savishinsky, 'Rastafari in the promised land: The spread of a Jamaican socio-religious movement among the youth of West Africa', African Studies Review, 37, 3 (December 1994), p. 29.
-
(1994)
African Studies Review
, vol.37
, Issue.3
, pp. 29
-
-
Savishinsky, N.1
-
125
-
-
5844330986
-
-
28 May
-
The Narcotics Drugs (Control Enforcement and Sanctions) Law. It came into effect on 24 May 1990. People's Daily Graphic, 28 May 1990.
-
(1990)
People's Daily Graphic
-
-
-
126
-
-
85033006001
-
-
Interview with Mr Agbevor, Accra, 5 August 1994
-
Interview with Mr Agbevor, Accra, 5 August 1994.
-
-
-
-
128
-
-
6244284922
-
-
18 May
-
Ghanaian Times, 18 May 1989. How much of this money was actually collected and accounted for is very difficult to determine.
-
(1989)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
129
-
-
6244293105
-
-
13 June
-
Ghanaian Times, 13 June 1984. This case involved smuggling eleven and a half bags of cocoa. Often prison sentences could be considerably lengthened if stiff fines were not paid. For example in 1984 the Accra Public Tribunal sentenced seven men to a total of twenty four years for stealing 240 bags of sugar with an additional twenty years if they did not 'refund' 264,000 cedis. Ghanaian Times, 14 June 1984.
-
(1984)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
130
-
-
6244293105
-
-
14 June
-
Ghanaian Times, 13 June 1984. This case involved smuggling eleven and a half bags of cocoa. Often prison sentences could be considerably lengthened if stiff fines were not paid. For example in 1984 the Accra Public Tribunal sentenced seven men to a total of twenty four years for stealing 240 bags of sugar with an additional twenty years if they did not 'refund' 264,000 cedis. Ghanaian Times, 14 June 1984.
-
(1984)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
131
-
-
85033001434
-
-
25 October
-
Ghanaian Times, 25 October 1988.
-
(1988)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
132
-
-
85033001844
-
-
17-23 February
-
The Ghanaian Chronicle, 17-23 February 1992. The percentage increase declined from ten and eleven and ten percent to four and five percent.
-
(1992)
The Ghanaian Chronicle
-
-
-
133
-
-
85033017213
-
Inside Ghana's penitentiaries - A shocking story of hunger, despair and death
-
17-23 and 24-30 February
-
'Inside Ghana's penitentiaries - A shocking story of hunger, despair and death', The Ghanaian Chronicle, 17-23 and 24-30 February, 1992.
-
(1992)
The Ghanaian Chronicle
-
-
-
136
-
-
85033033335
-
-
note
-
Information from Mr Charles Agbevor, Accra, 5 August 1994.
-
-
-
-
137
-
-
0039710064
-
-
9-15 April
-
Eventually they were convicted for attempting to bribe a panel chairman and panel members of a National Public Tribunal. West Africa, 9-15 April 1990.
-
(1990)
West Africa
-
-
-
138
-
-
85033031124
-
-
note
-
Information from Mr C. Agbevor. Accra, 5 August 1994.
-
-
-
-
140
-
-
85033012668
-
More circuits courts being opened
-
25 February
-
'More circuits courts being opened', Ghanaian Times, 25 February 1987. There were also going to be 'a planned programme...to acquaint judges with High Court rules'. It is possible that some of the money to cover the cost of this expansion came from international aid agencies. In 1987 the World Bank made over one hundred million dollars available to Ghana for 'improving resource use in the public sector'. The World Bank Annual Report, 1987.
-
(1987)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
141
-
-
0008279228
-
-
'More circuits courts being opened', Ghanaian Times, 25 February 1987. There were also going to be 'a planned programme...to acquaint judges with High Court rules'. It is possible that some of the money to cover the cost of this expansion came from international aid agencies. In 1987 the World Bank made over one hundred million dollars available to Ghana for 'improving resource use in the public sector'. The World Bank Annual Report, 1987.
-
(1987)
The World Bank Annual Report
-
-
-
142
-
-
59549107773
-
Tribunal "confessions"
-
8 February
-
Nana Fredua Agyeman, 'Tribunal "confessions"', West Africa, 8 February 1988.
-
(1988)
West Africa
-
-
Agyeman, N.F.1
-
143
-
-
85033022343
-
-
note
-
Initially the case involved corruption in the timber industry.
-
-
-
-
144
-
-
85033006849
-
-
11-17 November
-
Dr Kwame Safo Adu, a former cabinet member in the Busia government and director of the Ghanaian pharmaceutical company, Industrial Chemical Laboratories, was accused of 'economic sabotage'. He was charged with misusing loans he had received to build a chemical plant. The Ghanaian Chronicle, 11-17 November 1991.
-
(1991)
The Ghanaian Chronicle
-
-
-
146
-
-
0010493362
-
-
30 March-5 April
-
West Africa, 30 March-5 April 1992.
-
(1992)
West Africa
-
-
-
147
-
-
85032999793
-
-
note
-
Agyekum had been Chairman of the Board of Public Tribunals from 1982-1986.
-
-
-
-
148
-
-
6244293071
-
-
18-24 February
-
West Africa, 18-24 February 1991. The case involved the two directors of Country Home Foods Product Limited who were charged with fraudulently selling land. They were to appear before Mr Agyekum's tribunal but appealed successfully to the PNDC Secretary, Mr Ato Dadzie, for bail and for a transfer of their case to another tribunal. 'For those who Care to Know', People's Daily Graphic, 13 April 1991. Agyekum accused the latter of intervening on the side of a Ghanaian who was rich, powerful, and a former schoolmate. West Africa, 25-31 March 1991.
-
(1991)
West Africa
-
-
-
149
-
-
85033009571
-
For those who Care to Know
-
13 April
-
West Africa, 18-24 February 1991. The case involved the two directors of Country Home Foods Product Limited who were charged with fraudulently selling land. They were to appear before Mr Agyekum's tribunal but appealed successfully to the PNDC Secretary, Mr Ato Dadzie, for bail and for a transfer of their case to another tribunal. 'For those who Care to Know', People's Daily Graphic, 13 April 1991. Agyekum accused the latter of intervening on the side of a Ghanaian who was rich, powerful, and a former schoolmate. West Africa, 25-31 March 1991.
-
(1991)
People's Daily Graphic
-
-
-
150
-
-
6244293071
-
-
25-31 March
-
West Africa, 18-24 February 1991. The case involved the two directors of Country Home Foods Product Limited who were charged with fraudulently selling land. They were to appear before Mr Agyekum's tribunal but appealed successfully to the PNDC Secretary, Mr Ato Dadzie, for bail and for a transfer of their case to another tribunal. 'For those who Care to Know', People's Daily Graphic, 13 April 1991. Agyekum accused the latter of intervening on the side of a Ghanaian who was rich, powerful, and a former schoolmate. West Africa, 25-31 March 1991.
-
(1991)
West Africa
-
-
-
151
-
-
85033020650
-
-
K. Attafuah, 'Criminal justice policy', p. 339; and Kwesi Jonah, 'Rawling's revolution: Two years after', Journal of African Marxists, 5 February 1984, p. 29.
-
Criminal Justice Policy
, pp. 339
-
-
Attafuah, K.1
-
152
-
-
85033011090
-
Rawling's revolution: Two years after
-
5 February 1984
-
K. Attafuah, 'Criminal justice policy', p. 339; and Kwesi Jonah, 'Rawling's revolution: Two years after', Journal of African Marxists, 5 February 1984, p. 29.
-
Journal of African Marxists
, pp. 29
-
-
Jonah, K.1
-
157
-
-
85032998033
-
-
20 November
-
Ghanaian Times, 20 November 1992.
-
(1992)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
159
-
-
0010493362
-
-
8-14 March
-
Shortly after the 1992 elections three bombs exploded in Accra and Tema. Four people were charged with conspiracy, abetment of crime and causing unlawful damage to public buildings. Three others were tried in absentia. In varying degrees they were all found guilty. West Africa, 8-14 March 1993.
-
(1993)
West Africa
-
-
-
160
-
-
0010493362
-
-
28 December-10 January
-
West Africa, 28 December-10 January 1993.
-
(1993)
West Africa
-
-
-
161
-
-
85032998033
-
-
23 December
-
Adding to the Tribunal's difficulties, the defendants' lawyers argued that PNDC law 78 that had set up the Public Tribunals had not specified contempt as a triable offence. Ghanaian Times, 23 December 1992.
-
(1992)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
162
-
-
0342592654
-
-
28 January
-
Ghanaian Times, 28 January 1994.
-
(1994)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
163
-
-
6244278544
-
-
13 July
-
True to form, the Supreme Court took so long to rule on which court should hear the contempt case that by the time it did rule that Public Tribunals were about to pass out of existence. By default the case ended up in the Accra High Court. Ghanaian Times, 13 July 1993.
-
(1993)
Ghanaian Times
-
-
-
164
-
-
0010493362
-
-
8-14 March
-
West Africa, 8-14 March 1993.
-
(1993)
West Africa
-
-
-
166
-
-
85033031333
-
-
note
-
The NDC was the PNDC transformed into a political party, and then the ruling party.
-
-
-
-
167
-
-
85033020977
-
Why Aikins was sent home
-
21-27 June
-
'Why Aikins was sent home'. The Ghanaian Democrat, 21-27 June 1993.
-
(1993)
The Ghanaian Democrat
-
-
-
169
-
-
0005090417
-
Decentralisation and local government under the PNDC
-
J. R. Ayee, 'Decentralisation and local government under the PNDC', in Ghana Under PNDG Rule, p. 130.
-
Ghana under PNDG Rule
, pp. 130
-
-
Ayee, J.R.1
-
170
-
-
85033022499
-
Burdensome taxes
-
4-10 September
-
Undoubtedly one of the most contentious issues was the question of local taxation. Kofi Kasah, 'Burdensome taxes', West Africa 4-10 September 1989.
-
(1989)
West Africa
-
-
Kasah, K.1
-
172
-
-
85033022815
-
Shortage of judges
-
28 October
-
'Shortage of judges', Daily Graphic, 28 October 1995.
-
(1995)
Daily Graphic
-
-
-
173
-
-
0011430136
-
-
28 October
-
Daily Graphic, 28 October 1995.
-
(1995)
Daily Graphic
-
-
-
174
-
-
0010493362
-
-
10-16 October
-
West Africa, 10-16 October 1994.
-
(1994)
West Africa
-
-
|