The impact of smoking habits on lung cancer risk: 28 years' observation of 26,000 Norwegian men and women

Cancer Causes and Control

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 366-376

  Engeland, Anders ^a   Haldorsen, Tor ^a   Andersen, Aage ^a   Tretli, Steinar ^a  

^a CANCER REGISTRY OF NORWAY   (Norway)

Author keywords

Cohort study; Handrolled cigarettes; Lung cancer; Norway; Smoking habits

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER RISK; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; LUNG CANCER; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NORWAY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOKING HABIT;

ADENOCARCINOMA; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CARCINOMA, SMALL CELL; CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; LUNG NEOPLASMS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NORWAY; PLANTS, TOXIC; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; QUESTIONNAIRES; REGISTRIES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; SMOKING; TOBACCO;

EID: 0029954062     PISSN: 09575243     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF00052943     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Parkin DM, Pisani P, Ferlay J. Estimates of the worldwide incidence of eighteen major cancers in 1985. Int J Cancer 1993; 54: 594-606.
2. Engeland A, Haldorsen T, Tretli S, et al. Prediction of cancer incidence in the Nordic countries up to the years 2000 and 2010. A collaborative study of the five Nordic Cancer Registries. APMIS Suppl 1993; 38: 1-124.
3. Wynder EL, Graham EA. Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchiogenic carcinoma. A study of six hundred and eighty-four proved cases. JAMA 1950; 143: 329-36.
4. Doll R, Hill AB. Smoking and carcinoma of the lung. Preliminary report. Br Med J 1950; ii: 739-48.
5. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Tobacco Smoking. Lyon, France: IARC, 1986; IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risk Chem Humans, Vol. 38: 1-421.
6. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Tobacco Smoking. Lyon, France: IARC, 1986; IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risk Chem Humans, Vol. 38: 1-421.
7. Parkin DM, Pisani P, Lopez AD, Masuyer E. At least one in seven cases of cancer is caused by smoking. Global estimates for 1985. Int J Cancer 1994; 59: 494-504.
8. Tomatis L, Aitio A, Day NE, et al. Cancer: Causes, Occurrence and Control. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1990: IARC Sci. Publ. No. 100: 1-352.
9. Mørck HI, Linde J, Agner E, Hein HO, Gyntelberg F, Nielsen PE. Tobaksforbrug og rygevaner i Norden 1920-1980 [Tobacco consumption and smoking habits in the Nordic countries 1920-1980]. (in Danish) Nordisk Medicin 1982; 97: 134-46.
10. Hauknes A. Malinger av giftstoffer i rulletobakker [Measurement of toxic agents in handrolled cigarettes]. (In Norwegian) Oslo, Norway: National Council on Tobacco and Health, 1994: 1-9.
11. Alderson MR, Lee PN, Wang R. Risks of lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke in relation to type of cigarette smoked. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1985; 39: 286-93.
12. Benhamou S, Benhamou E, Tirmarche M, Flamant R. Lung cancer and use of cigarettes: a French case-control study. JNCI 1985; 74: 1169-75.
13. De Stéfani E, Fierro L, Correa P, et al. Type of tobacco and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study from Uruguay. Lung Cancer 1992; 8: 21-8.
14. De Stéfani E, Fierro L, Larrinaga MT, Balbi JC, Ronco A, Mendilaharsu M. Smoking of hand-rolled cigarettes as a risk factor for small cell lung cancer in men: a case-control study from Uruguay. Lung Cancer 1994; 11: 191-9.
15. Haenszel W, Hougen A. Proportion of respiratory symptoms in Norway. J Chronic Dis 1972; 25: 519-44.
16. Zeiner-Henriksen T. Six year mortality related to cardiorespiratory symptoms and environmental risk factors in a sample of the Norwegian population. J Chronic Dis 1976; 29: 15-33.
17. Zeiner-Henriksen T, Pedersen E. Røkevaner i den norske befolkning [Smoking habits in the Norwegian population]. (In Norwegian with English summary) Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1976; 96: 617-20.
18. Lund E, Zeiner-Henriksen T. Røking som risikofaktor for ulike kreftformer blant 26 000 norske menn og kvinner [Smoking as risk factor for cancer among 26,000 Norwegian males and females]. (in Norwegian) Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1981; 101: 1937-40.
19. Kvåle G, Bjelke E, Heuch I. Occupational exposure and lung cancer risk. Int J Cancer 1986; 37: 185-93.
20. Reid DD. Studies of disease among migrants and native populations in Great Britain, Norway and the United States. I. Background and design. In: Haenszel W, ed. Epidemiological Study of Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases. Washington DC: US Dept of Health Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, 1966; 287-90.
21. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, Seventh Revision. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 1957; as modified in The Incidence of Cancer in Norway, 1982-1986. Oslo, Norway: The Cancer Registry of Norway, 1989.
22. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, Seventh Revision. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 1957; as modified in The Incidence of Cancer in Norway, 1982-1986. Oslo, Norway: The Cancer Registry of Norway, 1989.
23. Halpern MT, Gillespie BW, Warner KE. Patterns of absolute risk of lung cancer mortality in former smokers. JNCI 1993; 85: 457-64.
24. Preston DL, Lubin JH, Pierce DA, McConney ME. EPICURE. User's Guide. Seattle, WA (USA): Hirosoft International Corporation, 1993.
25. Cox DR, Oakes D. Analysis of Survival Data. London, UK: Chapman and Hall Ltd, 1984: 201.
26. Breslow NE. Covariance analysis censored survival data. Biometrics 1974; 30: 89-99.
27. Patrick DL, Cheadle A, Thompson DC, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Kinne S. The validity of self-reported smoking: a review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health 1994; 84: 1086-93.
28. Klesges RC, Debon M, Ray JW. Are self-reports of smoking rate biased? Evidence from the second national health and nutrition examination survey. J Clin Epidemiol 1995; 48: 1225-33.
29. Rønneberg A, Lund KE, Hafstad A. Lifetime smoking habits among Norwegian men and women born between 1890 and 1974. Int J Epidemiol 1994; 23: 267-76.
30. Lubin JH, Blot WJ, Berrino F, et al. Patterns of lung cancer risk according to type of cigarette smoked. Int J Cancer 1984; 33: 569-76.
31. Brownson RC, Chang JC, Davis JR. Gender and histologic type variations in smoking-related risk of lung cancer. Epidemiology 1992; 3: 61-4.
32. Risch HA, Howe GR, Jain M, Burch JD, Holowaty EJ, Miller AB. Are female smokers at higher risk for lung cancer than male smokers? A case-control analysis by histologic type. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 138: 281-93.
33. Ryberg D, Hewer A, Phillips DH, Haugen A. Different susceptibility to smoking-induced DNA damage among male and female lung cancer patients. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 5801-3.
34. Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J, Thun M, Heath CJ. Mortality from tobacco in developed countries: indirect estimation from national vital statistics. Lancet 1992; 339: 1268-78.
35. Barbone F, Bovenzi M, Cavallieri F, Stanta G. Air pollution and lung cancer in Trieste, Italy. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 141: 1161-9.