메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 205-215

Liegt der sepsis und dem septischen schock ein globaler sauerstoffmangel zugrunde? Eine übersicht in zwei teilen: Teil 2: Sepsis und laktat

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; OXYGEN TISSUE LEVEL; SEPSIS; SEPTIC SHOCK; TISSUE OXYGENATION;

EID: 0029953725     PISSN: 09392661     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-995903     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (7)

References (175)
  • 1
    • 0026710191 scopus 로고
    • ACCP-SCCM consensus conference. Definition for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis
    • Bone RC, Balk RAL, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, Schein RMH, Sibbald WJ: ACCP-SCCM consensus conference. Definition for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Chest 1992;101:1644-1655.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.101 , pp. 1644-1655
    • Bone, R.C.1    Balk, R.A.L.2    Cerra, F.B.3    Dellinger, R.P.4    Fein, A.M.5    Knaus, W.A.6    Schein, R.M.H.7    Sibbald, W.J.8
  • 3
    • 0026770651 scopus 로고
    • Role of oxygen debt in the development of organ failure sepsis, and death in high-risk surgical patients
    • Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, Kram HB: Role of oxygen debt in the development of organ failure sepsis, and death in high-risk surgical patients. Chest 1992;102:208-215.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.102 , pp. 208-215
    • Shoemaker, W.C.1    Appel, P.L.2    Kram, H.B.3
  • 5
    • 0017798499 scopus 로고
    • Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in patients with shock due to septicaemia, trauma and haemorrhage
    • Benedict CR, Grahame-Smith DG: Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in patients with shock due to septicaemia, trauma and haemorrhage. Q. J. Med., new series XLVII 1978;185:1-20
    • (1978) Q. J. Med., New Series XLVII , vol.185 , pp. 1-20
    • Benedict, C.R.1    Grahame-Smith, D.G.2
  • 6
    • 0014883371 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal vasoconstriction after hemorrhage: Roles of vasopressin and angiotensin
    • McNeill JR, Stark RD, Greenway CV: Intestinal vasoconstriction after hemorrhage: roles of vasopressin and angiotensin. Am. J. Physiol. 1970;219:1342-1347.
    • (1970) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.219 , pp. 1342-1347
    • McNeill, J.R.1    Stark, R.D.2    Greenway, C.V.3
  • 7
    • 0017389595 scopus 로고
    • Vasopressin and angiotensin: Reciprocal mechanism controlling mesenteric conductance
    • McNeill JR, Wilcox WC, Pang, CCY: Vasopressin and angiotensin: reciprocal mechanism controlling mesenteric conductance. Am. J. Physiol. 1977;232:H260-H266.
    • (1977) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.232
    • McNeill, J.R.1    Wilcox, W.C.2    Pang, C.C.Y.3
  • 8
    • 0023119752 scopus 로고
    • Protection of small intestine from nonocclusive mesenteric ischemic injury due to cardiogenic shock
    • Bailey RW, Bulkley GB, Hamilton SR, Morris JB, Haglund UH: Protection of small intestine from nonocclusive mesenteric ischemic injury due to cardiogenic shock. Am. J. Surg. 1987;153:108-116.
    • (1987) Am. J. Surg. , vol.153 , pp. 108-116
    • Bailey, R.W.1    Bulkley, G.B.2    Hamilton, S.R.3    Morris, J.B.4    Haglund, U.H.5
  • 9
    • 0009765516 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia: Studies in a porcine model induced by pericardial tamponade
    • Bailey RW, Bulkley GB, Levy KI, Anderson JH, Zuidema GD: Pathogenesis of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia: studies in a porcine model induced by pericardial tamponade. Surg. Forum 1982;XXXIII:194-196.
    • (1982) Surg. Forum , vol.33 , pp. 194-196
    • Bailey, R.W.1    Bulkley, G.B.2    Levy, K.I.3    Anderson, J.H.4    Zuidema, G.D.5
  • 10
    • 0022576084 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of hepatic ischemia in cardiogenic shock
    • Bulkley GB, Oshima A, Bailey RW: Pathophysiology of hepatic ischemia in cardiogenic shock. Am. J. Surg. 1986;151:87-97.
    • (1986) Am. J. Surg. , vol.151 , pp. 87-97
    • Bulkley, G.B.1    Oshima, A.2    Bailey, R.W.3
  • 12
    • 0024406386 scopus 로고
    • Effect of lipopolysaccharide on intestinal intramucosal hydrogen ion concentration in pigs: Evidence of gut ischemia in a normodynamic model of septic shock
    • Fink MP, Cohn SM, Lee PC, Rothschild HR, Deniz YF, Wang H, Fiddian-Green RG: Effect of lipopolysaccharide on intestinal intramucosal hydrogen ion concentration in pigs: Evidence of gut ischemia in a normodynamic model of septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 1989;17:641-646.
    • (1989) Crit. Care Med. , vol.17 , pp. 641-646
    • Fink, M.P.1    Cohn, S.M.2    Lee, P.C.3    Rothschild, H.R.4    Deniz, Y.F.5    Wang, H.6    Fiddian-Green, R.G.7
  • 13
    • 0025937944 scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of vascular reactivity in the sepsis syndrome
    • Sibbald WJ, Fox G, Martin C: Abnormalities of vascular reactivity in the sepsis syndrome. Chest 1991;100:155S-159S.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100
    • Sibbald, W.J.1    Fox, G.2    Martin, C.3
  • 14
    • 0015091028 scopus 로고
    • Cardiorespiratory patterns in complicated septic shock: Physiologic alterations and their therapeutic implications
    • Shoemaker WC: Cardiorespiratory patterns in complicated septic shock: Physiologic alterations and their therapeutic implications. Ann. Surg. 1971;174:119-125.
    • (1971) Ann. Surg. , vol.174 , pp. 119-125
    • Shoemaker, W.C.1
  • 15
    • 0021352771 scopus 로고
    • Sequential cardiorespiratory patterns associated with outcome in septic shock
    • Abraham E, Bland RD, Cobo JC, Shoemaker WC: Sequential cardiorespiratory patterns associated with outcome in septic shock. Chest 1984;85:75-80.
    • (1984) Chest , vol.85 , pp. 75-80
    • Abraham, E.1    Bland, R.D.2    Cobo, J.C.3    Shoemaker, W.C.4
  • 16
    • 0018248187 scopus 로고
    • Effects of time and vasoconstrictor tone on O2 extraction during hypoxic hypoxia
    • Cain SM: Effects of time and vasoconstrictor tone on O2 extraction during hypoxic hypoxia. J. Appl. Physiol. 1978;45: 219-224.
    • (1978) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.45 , pp. 219-224
    • Cain, S.M.1
  • 17
    • 0027369020 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of increased nitric oxide production in patients with the sepsis syndrome
    • Evans T, Carpenter A, Kindermann H, Cohen J: Evidence of increased nitric oxide production in patients with the sepsis syndrome. Circ. Shock 1993;41:77-81.
    • (1993) Circ. Shock , vol.41 , pp. 77-81
    • Evans, T.1    Carpenter, A.2    Kindermann, H.3    Cohen, J.4
  • 18
    • 0027511853 scopus 로고
    • The discovery of nitric oxide in the vessel wall. A unifying concept in the pathogenesis of sepsis
    • Palmer RM: The discovery of nitric oxide in the vessel wall. A unifying concept in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Arch. Surg. 1993; 128:396-401.
    • (1993) Arch. Surg. , vol.128 , pp. 396-401
    • Palmer, R.M.1
  • 20
    • 0025973551 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 1 induces prolonged L-argininc dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate and nitrite production in rat vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Beasley D, Schwartz JH, Brenner BM: Interleukin 1 induces prolonged L-argininc dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate and nitrite production in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1991;87:602-608.
    • (1991) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.87 , pp. 602-608
    • Beasley, D.1    Schwartz, J.H.2    Brenner, B.M.3
  • 21
    • 0023264362 scopus 로고
    • The effects of vasodilation with prostacyclin on oxygen delivery and uptake in critically ill patients
    • Bihart D, Smithies M, Gimson A, Tinker J: The effects of vasodilation with prostacyclin on oxygen delivery and uptake in critically ill patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 1987;317:397-403.
    • (1987) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.317 , pp. 397-403
    • Bihart, D.1    Smithies, M.2    Gimson, A.3    Tinker, J.4
  • 23
    • 0017334046 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen delivery and uptake in dogs during anemic and hypoxic hypoxia
    • Cain SM: Oxygen delivery and uptake in dogs during anemic and hypoxic hypoxia J. Appl. Physiol. 1977;42:228-234.
    • (1977) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.42 , pp. 228-234
    • Cain, S.M.1
  • 24
    • 0021341554 scopus 로고
    • 2 and consumption during fluid resuscitation of hypovolemic and septic shock
    • 2 and consumption during fluid resuscitation of hypovolemic and septic shock. Chest 1984;85:336-340.
    • (1984) Chest , vol.85 , pp. 336-340
    • Kaufman, B.S.1    Rackow, E.C.2    Falk, J.L.3
  • 25
    • 0023205139 scopus 로고
    • Splanchnic and total body oxygen consumption differences in septic and injured patients
    • Dahn MS, Lange P, Lobdell K, Hans B, Jacobs LA, Mitchell RA: Splanchnic and total body oxygen consumption differences in septic and injured patients. Surgery 1987;101:69-80.
    • (1987) Surgery , vol.101 , pp. 69-80
    • Dahn, M.S.1    Lange, P.2    Lobdell, K.3    Hans, B.4    Jacobs, L.A.5    Mitchell, R.A.6
  • 26
    • 0028279379 scopus 로고
    • No differences in hemodynamics, ventricular function, and oxygen delivery in septic and nonseptic patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome
    • Ronco JJ, Belzberg A, Phang PT, Walley KR, Dodek PM, Russell JA: No differences in hemodynamics, ventricular function, and oxygen delivery in septic and nonseptic patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Crit. Care Med. 1994;22:777-782.
    • (1994) Crit. Care Med. , vol.22 , pp. 777-782
    • Ronco, J.J.1    Belzberg, A.2    Phang, P.T.3    Walley, K.R.4    Dodek, P.M.5    Russell, J.A.6
  • 27
    • 0018522296 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the biologic importance of various hemodynamic and oxygen transport variables: Which variables should be monitored in postoperative shock?
    • Shoemaker WC, Czer LSC: Evaluation of the biologic importance of various hemodynamic and oxygen transport variables: Which variables should be monitored in postoperative shock? Crit. Care Med. 1979;7:424-431.
    • (1979) Crit. Care Med. , vol.7 , pp. 424-431
    • Shoemaker, W.C.1    Czer, L.S.C.2
  • 28
    • 0024273739 scopus 로고
    • Prospective trial of supranormal values of survivors as therapeutic goals in high-risk surgical patients
    • Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, Kram HB, Waxman K, Lee T-S: Prospective trial of supranormal values of survivors as therapeutic goals in high-risk surgical patients. Chest 1988;94:1176-1186.
    • (1988) Chest , vol.94 , pp. 1176-1186
    • Shoemaker, W.C.1    Appel, P.L.2    Kram, H.B.3    Waxman, K.4    Lee, T.-S.5
  • 29
    • 0027427633 scopus 로고
    • A randomized clinical trial of the effect of deliberate perioperative increase of oxygen delivery on mortality in high-risk surgical patients
    • Boyd O, Grounds M, Bennett ED: A randomized clinical trial of the effect of deliberate perioperative increase of oxygen delivery on mortality in high-risk surgical patients. JAMA 1993;270:2699-2707.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 2699-2707
    • Boyd, O.1    Grounds, M.2    Bennett, E.D.3
  • 31
    • 0024463922 scopus 로고
    • The hypermetabolism of multiple organ failure syndrome
    • Barton R, Cerra FB: The hypermetabolism of multiple organ failure syndrome. Chest 1989;96:1153-1160
    • (1989) Chest , vol.96 , pp. 1153-1160
    • Barton, R.1    Cerra, F.B.2
  • 34
    • 0023820319 scopus 로고
    • 2 delivery from experimental data: Sensitivity to error
    • 2 delivery from experimental data: sensitivity to error. J. Appl. Physiol. 1988;64:2074-2082.
    • (1988) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.64 , pp. 2074-2082
    • Samsel, R.W.1    Schumacker, F.T.2
  • 37
    • 0027155402 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen extraction is altered by endotoxin during tamponade-induced stagnant hypoxia in the dog
    • Zhang H, Vincent JL: Oxygen extraction is altered by endotoxin during tamponade-induced stagnant hypoxia in the dog. Circ. Shock 1993;40:168-176.
    • (1993) Circ. Shock , vol.40 , pp. 168-176
    • Zhang, H.1    Vincent, J.L.2
  • 38
    • 0022151245 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for adenosine triphosphate degradation in critically ill patients
    • Grum CM, Simon RH, Dantzker DR, Fox IH: Evidence for adenosine triphosphate degradation in critically ill patients. Chest 1985;88:763-767.
    • (1985) Chest , vol.88 , pp. 763-767
    • Grum, C.M.1    Simon, R.H.2    Dantzker, D.R.3    Fox, I.H.4
  • 41
    • 0028157456 scopus 로고
    • Detrimental hemodynamic effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition in septic shock
    • Robertson FM, Offner PJ, Ciceri DP, Becker WK, Pruitt BA: Detrimental hemodynamic effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition in septic shock. Arch. Surg 1994;129:149-156.
    • (1994) Arch. Surg , vol.129 , pp. 149-156
    • Robertson, F.M.1    Offner, P.J.2    Ciceri, D.P.3    Becker, W.K.4    Pruitt, B.A.5
  • 42
    • 0025236607 scopus 로고
    • Mesenteric oxygen metabolism, ileal mucosal hydrogen ion concentration and tissue edema after crystalloid or colloid resuscitation in porcine endotoxic shock: Comparison of Ringer's lactate and 6% hetastarch
    • Baum TD, Wang H, Rothschild H,R., Gang DL, Fink MP: Mesenteric oxygen metabolism, ileal mucosal hydrogen ion concentration and tissue edema after crystalloid or colloid resuscitation in porcine endotoxic shock: Comparison of Ringer's lactate and 6% hetastarch. Circ. Shock 1990;30:385-397.
    • (1990) Circ. Shock , vol.30 , pp. 385-397
    • Baum, T.D.1    Wang, H.2    Rothschild, H.R.3    Gang, D.L.4    Fink, M.P.5
  • 43
    • 0025735897 scopus 로고
    • Blood lactate levels arc superior to oxygen-derived variables in predicting outcome in human septic shock
    • Bakker J, Coffernils M, Leon M, Gris P, Vincent JL: Blood lactate levels arc superior to oxygen-derived variables in predicting outcome in human septic shock. Chest 1991;99:956-962.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.99 , pp. 956-962
    • Bakker, J.1    Coffernils, M.2    Leon, M.3    Gris, P.4    Vincent, J.L.5
  • 45
    • 0019057531 scopus 로고
    • The dependence of oxygen uptake on oxygen delivery in the adult respiratory distress syndrome
    • Danek SJ, Lynch JP, Weg JG, Dantzker DR. The dependence of oxygen uptake on oxygen delivery in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1980;122:387-395.
    • (1980) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.122 , pp. 387-395
    • Danek, S.J.1    Lynch, J.P.2    Weg, J.G.3    Dantzker, D.R.4
  • 46
    • 0025891597 scopus 로고
    • Persistance of supply dependency of oxygen uptake at high levels of delivery in adult respiratory distress syndrome
    • Clarke C, Edwards JD, Nightingale P, Mortimer AJ, Morris J: Persistance of supply dependency of oxygen uptake at high levels of delivery in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Crit. Care Med. 1991;19:497-502.
    • (1991) Crit. Care Med. , vol.19 , pp. 497-502
    • Clarke, C.1    Edwards, J.D.2    Nightingale, P.3    Mortimer, A.J.4    Morris, J.5
  • 50
    • 0026652861 scopus 로고
    • Elevation of cardiac output and oxygen delivery improves outcome in septic shock
    • Tuchschmidt J, Fried J, Astiz M, Rackow E: Elevation of cardiac output and oxygen delivery improves outcome in septic shock. Chest 1992;102:216-220.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.102 , pp. 216-220
    • Tuchschmidt, J.1    Fried, J.2    Astiz, M.3    Rackow, E.4
  • 51
    • 0027166896 scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine or dopamine for the treatment of hyperdynamic septic shock
    • Martin C, Papazian L, Pernn G, Saux P, Gouin F: Norepinephrine or dopamine for the treatment of hyperdynamic septic shock. Chest 1993;103:1826-1831.
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , pp. 1826-1831
    • Martin, C.1    Papazian, L.2    Pernn, G.3    Saux, P.4    Gouin, F.5
  • 53
  • 56
    • 0029129464 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen uptake and metabolic changes during infusion of dobutamine in comparison to fenoterol and phenylephrine in volunteers
    • Erb JM, Ensinger H, Gaissmaier S, Weichel T, Schricker T, Georgieff M: Oxygen uptake and metabolic changes during infusion of dobutamine in comparison to fenoterol and phenylephrine in volunteers. Clin. Int. Care 1995;6:159-165.
    • (1995) Clin. Int. Care , vol.6 , pp. 159-165
    • Erb, J.M.1    Ensinger, H.2    Gaissmaier, S.3    Weichel, T.4    Schricker, T.5    Georgieff, M.6
  • 57
    • 0019475622 scopus 로고
    • Mathematical coupling of data - A common source of error
    • Archie JP: Mathematical coupling of data - a common source of error. Ann. Surg. 1981;193:296-303.
    • (1981) Ann. Surg. , vol.193 , pp. 296-303
    • Archie, J.P.1
  • 58
    • 0023225905 scopus 로고
    • Regression of calculated variables in the presence of shared common measurement error
    • Stratton HH, Feustel PJ, Newell JC: Regression of calculated variables in the presence of shared common measurement error. J. Appl. Physiol. 1987;62:2083-2093.
    • (1987) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.62 , pp. 2083-2093
    • Stratton, H.H.1    Feustel, P.J.2    Newell, J.C.3
  • 59
    • 0028012829 scopus 로고
    • The oxygen delivery/consumption controversy. Approaches to management of the critically ill
    • Russell JA, Phang PT: The oxygen delivery/consumption controversy. Approaches to management of the critically ill. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994;149:533-537.
    • (1994) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.149 , pp. 533-537
    • Russell, J.A.1    Phang, P.T.2
  • 60
    • 0024423390 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of gas exchange in intensive care: Laboratory and clinical validation of a new device
    • Takala J, Keinanen O, Vaisanen P, Kari A: Measurements of gas exchange in intensive care: Laboratory and clinical validation of a new device. Crit. Care Med. 1989;17:1041-1047.
    • (1989) Crit. Care Med. , vol.17 , pp. 1041-1047
    • Takala, J.1    Keinanen, O.2    Vaisanen, P.3    Kari, A.4
  • 61
    • 0026808853 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen consumption after cardiac surgery - A comparison between calculation by Fick's principle and measurement by indirect calorimetry
    • Bizouarn P, Soulard D, Blanloeil Y, Guillet A, Goarin Y: Oxygen consumption after cardiac surgery - a comparison between calculation by Fick's principle and measurement by indirect calorimetry. Intensive Care Med. 1992;18:206-209
    • (1992) Intensive Care Med. , vol.18 , pp. 206-209
    • Bizouarn, P.1    Soulard, D.2    Blanloeil, Y.3    Guillet, A.4    Goarin, Y.5
  • 63
    • 0025856726 scopus 로고
    • Independent oxygen uptake and delivery in septic and postoperative patients
    • Vermeij CG, Feenstra BWA, Adrichem WJ, Bruining HA: Independent oxygen uptake and delivery in septic and postoperative patients. Chest 1991;99:1438-1443.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.99 , pp. 1438-1443
    • Vermeij, C.G.1    Feenstra, B.W.A.2    Adrichem, W.J.3    Bruining, H.A.4
  • 64
    • 0028125689 scopus 로고
    • Significance of pathologic oxygen supply dependency in critically ill patients: Comparison between measured and calculated methods
    • Hanique G, Dugernier T, Laterre PF, Dougnac A, Roeseler J, Reynaert MS: Significance of pathologic oxygen supply dependency in critically ill patients: comparison between measured and calculated methods. Intensive Care Med. 1994;20:12-18.
    • (1994) Intensive Care Med. , vol.20 , pp. 12-18
    • Hanique, G.1    Dugernier, T.2    Laterre, P.F.3    Dougnac, A.4    Roeseler, J.5    Reynaert, M.S.6
  • 65
    • 0028032473 scopus 로고
    • Lack of oxygen supply dependency in patients with severe sepsis. A study of oxygen delivery increased by military antishock trousers and dobutamine
    • Mira J-P, Fahre J-E, Baigorri F, Coste J, Annat G, Artigas A, Nitenberg G, Dhainaut JFA: Lack of oxygen supply dependency in patients with severe sepsis. A study of oxygen delivery increased by military antishock trousers and dobutamine. Chest 1994;106:1524-1531.
    • (1994) Chest , vol.106 , pp. 1524-1531
    • Mira, J.-P.1    Fahre, J.-E.2    Baigorri, F.3    Coste, J.4    Annat, G.5    Artigas, A.6    Nitenberg, G.7    Dhainaut, J.F.A.8
  • 66
    • 0026629153 scopus 로고
    • Modification of oxygen extraction ratio by change in oxygen transport in septic shock
    • Wysocki M, Besbes M, Roupie E, Brun-Buisson C: Modification of oxygen extraction ratio by change in oxygen transport in septic shock. Chest 1992;102:221-226.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.102 , pp. 221-226
    • Wysocki, M.1    Besbes, M.2    Roupie, E.3    Brun-Buisson, C.4
  • 67
    • 0025317269 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen delivery and consumption and ventricular preload are greater in survivors than in nonsurvivors of the adult respiratory distress syndrome
    • Russell JA, Ronco JJ, Lockhat D, Belzberg A, Keis M, Dodek PM: Oxygen delivery and consumption and ventricular preload are greater in survivors than in nonsurvivors of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1990;141:659-665.
    • (1990) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.141 , pp. 659-665
    • Russell, J.A.1    Ronco, J.J.2    Lockhat, D.3    Belzberg, A.4    Keis, M.5    Dodek, P.M.6
  • 68
    • 0025732719 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen consumption is independent of changes in oxygen delivery in severe respiratory distress syndrome
    • Ronco JJ, Phang PT, Walley KR, Wiggs B, Fenwick JC, Russell JA: Oxygen consumption is independent of changes in oxygen delivery in severe respiratory distress syndrome. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1991;143:1267-1273.
    • (1991) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.143 , pp. 1267-1273
    • Ronco, J.J.1    Phang, P.T.2    Walley, K.R.3    Wiggs, B.4    Fenwick, J.C.5    Russell, J.A.6
  • 70
    • 0027390508 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen consumption is independent of increases in oxygen delivery by dobutamine in septic patients who have normal or increased plasma lactate
    • Ronco JJ, Fenwick JC, Wiggs BR, Phang PT, Russell JA, Tweeddale MG: Oxygen consumption is independent of increases in oxygen delivery by dobutamine in septic patients who have normal or increased plasma lactate. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993;147:25-31.
    • (1993) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.147 , pp. 25-31
    • Ronco, J.J.1    Fenwick, J.C.2    Wiggs, B.R.3    Phang, P.T.4    Russell, J.A.5    Tweeddale, M.G.6
  • 71
    • 0026001602 scopus 로고
    • Delivery dependent oxygen consumption in patients with septic shock: Daily variations, relationship with outcome and the sick-euthyroid syndrome
    • Palazzo MG, Suter PM: Delivery dependent oxygen consumption in patients with septic shock: daily variations, relationship with outcome and the sick-euthyroid syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 1991;17:325-332.
    • (1991) Intensive Care Med. , vol.17 , pp. 325-332
    • Palazzo, M.G.1    Suter, P.M.2
  • 72
    • 0027487283 scopus 로고
    • Effects of norcpinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine infusions on oxygen consumption in volunteers
    • Ensinger H, Wetchel T, Lindner KH, Grunert A, Ahnefeld FW: Effects of norcpinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine infusions on oxygen consumption in volunteers. Crit. Care Med. 1993;21:1502-1508.
    • (1993) Crit. Care Med. , vol.21 , pp. 1502-1508
    • Ensinger, H.1    Wetchel, T.2    Lindner, K.H.3    Grunert, A.4    Ahnefeld, F.W.5
  • 75
    • 0021796768 scopus 로고
    • The effect of adrenaline upon cardiovascular and metabolic functions in man
    • Fellows IW, Bennett T, Macdonald IA: The effect of adrenaline upon cardiovascular and metabolic functions in man. Clin. Sci. 1985;69:215-222.
    • (1985) Clin. Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 215-222
    • Fellows, I.W.1    Bennett, T.2    Macdonald, I.A.3
  • 76
    • 0023793247 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of infusions of low doses of isoproterenol in man
    • Mansell PI, Fellows IW, Btrmingham AT, Macdonald IA: Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of infusions of low doses of isoproterenol in man. Clin. Sci. 1988;75:285-291.
    • (1988) Clin. Sci. , vol.75 , pp. 285-291
    • Mansell, P.I.1    Fellows, I.W.2    Btrmingham, A.T.3    Macdonald, I.A.4
  • 77
    • 0025124604 scopus 로고
    • Practical application of oxygen transport principles
    • Edwards JD: Practical application of oxygen transport principles. Crit. Care Med 1990;18:45-48.
    • (1990) Crit. Care Med , vol.18 , pp. 45-48
    • Edwards, J.D.1
  • 78
    • 0027465184 scopus 로고
    • Response of critically ill patients to treatment aimed at achieving suprariormal oxygen delivery and consumption
    • Haves MA, Yau EHS, Timmins AC, Hinds CJ, Watson D: Response of critically ill patients to treatment aimed at achieving suprariormal oxygen delivery and consumption Chest 1993;103:886-95.
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , pp. 886-895
    • Haves, M.A.1    Yau, E.H.S.2    Timmins, A.C.3    Hinds, C.J.4    Watson, D.5
  • 79
    • 0027247627 scopus 로고
    • Effect of maximizing oxygen delivery on morbidity and mortality rates in critically ill patients: A prospective, randomized, controlled study
    • Yu M, Levy MM, Smith P, Takiguchi SA, Miyasaki A, Myers SA: Effect of maximizing oxygen delivery on morbidity and mortality rates in critically ill patients: A prospective, randomized, controlled study. Crit. Care Med. 1993;21:830-838.
    • (1993) Crit. Care Med. , vol.21 , pp. 830-838
    • Yu, M.1    Levy, M.M.2    Smith, P.3    Takiguchi, S.A.4    Miyasaki, A.5    Myers, S.A.6
  • 80
    • 3643100837 scopus 로고
    • Underlying disease modifies the response of regional blood flow to dobutamine
    • Takala J, Ruokonen E: Underlying disease modifies the response of regional blood flow to dobutamine. Crit. Care Med. 1992;20, suppl.:114.
    • (1992) Crit. Care Med. , vol.20 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 114
    • Takala, J.1    Ruokonen, E.2
  • 81
    • 0028902288 scopus 로고
    • Dobutamine-induced dissociation between changes in splanchnic blood flow and gastric intramucosal pH after cardiac surgery
    • Parviainen I, Ruokonen E, Takala J: Dobutamine-induced dissociation between changes in splanchnic blood flow and gastric intramucosal pH after cardiac surgery. Br. J. Anacsth. 1995;74:277-282.
    • (1995) Br. J. Anacsth. , vol.74 , pp. 277-282
    • Parviainen, I.1    Ruokonen, E.2    Takala, J.3
  • 82
    • 0026476004 scopus 로고
    • Systemic and regional oxygen uptake and lactate flux in endotoxic dogs resuscitated with dextran and dopexamine or dextran alone
    • Cain SM, Curtis SE: Systemic and regional oxygen uptake and lactate flux in endotoxic dogs resuscitated with dextran and dopexamine or dextran alone. Circ. Shock 1992;38:173-181.
    • (1992) Circ. Shock , vol.38 , pp. 173-181
    • Cain, S.M.1    Curtis, S.E.2
  • 83
    • 0026351188 scopus 로고
    • Systemic and regional oxygen uptake and delivery and lactate flux in endotoxic dogs infused with dopexamine
    • Cain SM, Curtis SE: Systemic and regional oxygen uptake and delivery and lactate flux in endotoxic dogs infused with dopexamine. Crit. Care Med. 1991;19:1552-1560.
    • (1991) Crit. Care Med. , vol.19 , pp. 1552-1560
    • Cain, S.M.1    Curtis, S.E.2
  • 84
    • 0026330842 scopus 로고
    • The effects of dobutamine, dopexamine and fluid on hepatic histological responses to porcine faecal peritonitis
    • Webb AR, Moss RF, Tighe D, Al-Saady N, Bennett ED: The effects of dobutamine, dopexamine and fluid on hepatic histological responses to porcine faecal peritonitis. Intensive Care Med. 1991; 17:487-493.
    • (1991) Intensive Care Med. , vol.17 , pp. 487-493
    • Webb, A.R.1    Moss, R.F.2    Tighe, D.3    Al-Saady, N.4    Bennett, E.D.5
  • 85
    • 0027537069 scopus 로고
    • Dopexamine hydrochloride maintains portal blood flow and attenuates hepatic ultrastructural changes in a porcine peritonitis model of multiple system organ failure
    • Tighe D, Moss R, Haywood G, Webb A, al Saady N, Heath F, Bennet D: Dopexamine hydrochloride maintains portal blood flow and attenuates hepatic ultrastructural changes in a porcine peritonitis model of multiple system organ failure. Circ. Shock 1993;39: 199-206.
    • (1993) Circ. Shock , vol.39 , pp. 199-206
    • Tighe, D.1    Moss, R.2    Haywood, G.3    Webb, A.4    Al Saady, N.5    Heath, F.6    Bennet, D.7
  • 86
    • 0014794257 scopus 로고
    • Experimental and clinical studies on lactate and pyruvate as indicators of the severity of acute circulatory failure (shock)
    • Weil MH, Afifi AA: Experimental and clinical studies on lactate and pyruvate as indicators of the severity of acute circulatory failure (shock). Circulation 1970;15:989-1001.
    • (1970) Circulation , vol.15 , pp. 989-1001
    • Weil, M.H.1    Afifi, A.A.2
  • 87
    • 0021299111 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis and management of lactic acidosis
    • Kreisberg RA: Pathogenesis and management of lactic acidosis. Annu. Rev. Med 1984;35:181-193.
    • (1984) Annu. Rev. Med , vol.35 , pp. 181-193
    • Kreisberg, R.A.1
  • 88
    • 0020503224 scopus 로고
    • Definition of clinically relevant lactic acidosis in patients with internal diseases
    • Luft D, Deichsel G, Schmulling RM, Stein W, Eggstein M: Definition of clinically relevant lactic acidosis in patients with internal diseases. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1983;80:484-489.
    • (1983) Am. J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.80 , pp. 484-489
    • Luft, D.1    Deichsel, G.2    Schmulling, R.M.3    Stein, W.4    Eggstein, M.5
  • 91
    • 0025231570 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen metabolism in liver: Structural and functional organization and physiologic relevance
    • Häussinger D: Nitrogen metabolism in liver: structural and functional organization and physiologic relevance. Biochem. J. 1990;267:281-290.
    • (1990) Biochem. J. , vol.267 , pp. 281-290
    • Häussinger, D.1
  • 92
    • 0025833395 scopus 로고
    • Roles of the liver and kidney in acid-base regulation and its disorders
    • Cohen RD: Roles of the liver and kidney in acid-base regulation and its disorders Br. J. Anaesth. 1991;67:154-164.
    • (1991) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.67 , pp. 154-164
    • Cohen, R.D.1
  • 93
    • 0022646738 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic determinants of mortality in human septic shock
    • Groeneveld ABJ, Bronsveld W, Thijs LG: Hemodynamic determinants of mortality in human septic shock. Surgery 1986;99:140-153.
    • (1986) Surgery , vol.99 , pp. 140-153
    • Groeneveld, A.B.J.1    Bronsveld, W.2    Thijs, L.G.3
  • 94
    • 0023188261 scopus 로고
    • Relation of arterial blood lactate to oxygen delivery in hemodynamic variables in human septic shock
    • Groeneveld ABJ, Kester ADM, Nauta JJP, Thijs LG: Relation of arterial blood lactate to oxygen delivery in hemodynamic variables in human septic shock. Circ. Shock 1987;22:35-53.
    • (1987) Circ. Shock , vol.22 , pp. 35-53
    • Groeneveld, A.B.J.1    Kester, A.D.M.2    Nauta, J.J.P.3    Thijs, L.G.4
  • 96
    • 0021111735 scopus 로고
    • Protons and anacrobiosis
    • Hochachka PW, Mommsen TP: Protons and anacrobiosis. Science 1983;219:1391-1397.
    • (1983) Science , vol.219 , pp. 1391-1397
    • Hochachka, P.W.1    Mommsen, T.P.2
  • 97
    • 0022624318 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis
    • Madias, NE: Lactic acidosis. Kidney Int. 1986;29:752-774.
    • (1986) Kidney Int. , vol.29 , pp. 752-774
    • Madias, N.E.1
  • 98
    • 0001036985 scopus 로고
    • Relationships of pyruvate and lactate during anaerobic metabolism. I. Effects of infusion of pyruvate or glucose and of hyperventilation
    • Huckabee WE: Relationships of pyruvate and lactate during anaerobic metabolism. I. Effects of infusion of pyruvate or glucose and of hyperventilation. J. Clin. Invest. 1958;37:244-254.
    • (1958) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.37 , pp. 244-254
    • Huckabee, W.E.1
  • 99
    • 0017331380 scopus 로고
    • pH effects on lactate and excess lactate in relation to oxygen deficit in hypoxic dogs
    • Cain SM: pH effects on lactate and excess lactate in relation to oxygen deficit in hypoxic dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. 1977;42:44-49.
    • (1977) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.42 , pp. 44-49
    • Cain, S.M.1
  • 100
    • 0014542862 scopus 로고
    • 2 and beta-adrenergic blockade
    • 2 and beta-adrenergic blockade. Am. J. Physiol. 1969;217:110-116.
    • (1969) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.217 , pp. 110-116
    • Cain, S.M.1
  • 101
    • 0022860269 scopus 로고
    • Lactate production under fully aerobic conditions: The lactate shuttle during rest and exercise
    • Brooks GA: Lactate production under fully aerobic conditions: the lactate shuttle during rest and exercise. Fed. Proc. 1986;45:2924-2929.
    • (1986) Fed. Proc. , vol.45 , pp. 2924-2929
    • Brooks, G.A.1
  • 103
    • 0022443686 scopus 로고
    • Effect of sepsis on activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in skeletal muscle and liver
    • Vary TC, Siegel JH, Nakatani T, Sato T, Aoyama H: Effect of sepsis on activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in skeletal muscle and liver. Am.J.Physiol. 1986;250:E634-E640.
    • (1986) Am.J.Physiol. , vol.250
    • Vary, T.C.1    Siegel, J.H.2    Nakatani, T.3    Sato, T.4    Aoyama, H.5
  • 104
    • 0023848164 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic effects of partial reversal of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity by dichloroacetate in sepsis
    • Vary TC, Siegel JH, Tall BD, Morris JG: Metabolic effects of partial reversal of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity by dichloroacetate in sepsis. Circ. Shock 1988;24:3-18.
    • (1988) Circ. Shock , vol.24 , pp. 3-18
    • Vary, T.C.1    Siegel, J.H.2    Tall, B.D.3    Morris, J.G.4
  • 105
    • 0025798603 scopus 로고
    • Increased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity in response to sepsis
    • Vary TC: Increased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity in response to sepsis Am. J. Physiol. 1991;260:E669-E674.
    • (1991) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.260
    • Vary, T.C.1
  • 106
    • 0018650174 scopus 로고
    • Correlations between metabolic and cardiopulmonary measurements in patients after trauma, general surgery and sepsis
    • Cerra FB, Siegel JH, Border JR, Peters DM, McMenamy RR: Correlations between metabolic and cardiopulmonary measurements in patients after trauma, general surgery and sepsis. J. Trauma 1979;19:621-629.
    • (1979) J. Trauma , vol.19 , pp. 621-629
    • Cerra, F.B.1    Siegel, J.H.2    Border, J.R.3    Peters, D.M.4    McMenamy, R.R.5
  • 107
    • 0023875712 scopus 로고
    • Cellular oxygen metabolism during sepsis and shock: The relationship of oxygen consumption to oxygen delivery
    • Rackow RC, Astiz ME, Weil MH: Cellular oxygen metabolism during sepsis and shock: The relationship of oxygen consumption to oxygen delivery. JAMA 1988;259:1989-1993.
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.259 , pp. 1989-1993
    • Rackow, R.C.1    Astiz, M.E.2    Weil, M.H.3
  • 109
    • 0018823892 scopus 로고
    • Epinephrine plasma metabolic clearance rates and physiologic thresholds for metabolic and hemodynamic actions in man
    • Clutter WE, Bier DM, Shah SD, Cryer PE: Epinephrine plasma metabolic clearance rates and physiologic thresholds for metabolic and hemodynamic actions in man. J. Clin. Invest. 1980;66:94-101.
    • (1980) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.66 , pp. 94-101
    • Clutter, W.E.1    Bier, D.M.2    Shah, S.D.3    Cryer, P.E.4
  • 110
    • 0020825548 scopus 로고
    • Role of gluconeogenesis in epinephrine-stimulated hepatic glucose production in humans
    • Sacca L, Vigorito C, Cicala M, Corso G, Sherwin RS: Role of gluconeogenesis in epinephrine-stimulated hepatic glucose production in humans. Am. J. Physiol 1983;245:E294-E302.
    • (1983) Am. J. Physiol , vol.245
    • Sacca, L.1    Vigorito, C.2    Cicala, M.3    Corso, G.4    Sherwin, R.S.5
  • 111
    • 0026445458 scopus 로고
    • Adrenaline: Relationship between infusion rate, plasma concentration, metabolic and haemodynamic effects in volunteers
    • Ensinger H, Lindner KH, Dirks B, Kilian J, Grünert A, Ahnefeld FW: Adrenaline: Relationship between infusion rate, plasma concentration, metabolic and haemodynamic effects in volunteers. Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. 1992;9:435-446.
    • (1992) Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. , vol.9 , pp. 435-446
    • Ensinger, H.1    Lindner, K.H.2    Dirks, B.3    Kilian, J.4    Grünert, A.5    Ahnefeld, F.W.6
  • 112
    • 0021800976 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of alanine, urea, and glucose interrelationships in normal subjects and in patients with sepsis with stable isotopic tracers
    • Shaw JHF, Klein S, Wolfe RR: Assessment of alanine, urea, and glucose interrelationships in normal subjects and in patients with sepsis with stable isotopic tracers. Surgery 1985;97:557-567.
    • (1985) Surgery , vol.97 , pp. 557-567
    • Shaw, J.H.F.1    Klein, S.2    Wolfe, R.R.3
  • 114
    • 0024463717 scopus 로고
    • Epinephnne-induced increase in glucose turnover is diminished during sepsis
    • Hurgrove DM, Lang CH, Bagby GJ, Spitzer JJ: Epinephnne-induced increase in glucose turnover is diminished during sepsis. Metabolism 1989;38:1070-1076.
    • (1989) Metabolism , vol.38 , pp. 1070-1076
    • Hurgrove, D.M.1    Lang, C.H.2    Bagby, G.J.3    Spitzer, J.J.4
  • 115
    • 0016249254 scopus 로고
    • Studies of glucose intolerance in septic injured patients
    • Gump FE, Long C, Killian P, Kinney JM: Studies of glucose intolerance in septic injured patients. J. Trauma 1974;14:378-388.
    • (1974) J. Trauma , vol.14 , pp. 378-388
    • Gump, F.E.1    Long, C.2    Killian, P.3    Kinney, J.M.4
  • 117
    • 0027397275 scopus 로고
    • Adrenergic blockade attenuates endotoxin-induced hepatic glucose uptake
    • Ottlakan A, Spolarics Z, Lang CH, Spitzer JJ: Adrenergic blockade attenuates endotoxin-induced hepatic glucose uptake. Circ. Shock 1993;39:74-79.
    • (1993) Circ. Shock , vol.39 , pp. 74-79
    • Ottlakan, A.1    Spolarics, Z.2    Lang, C.H.3    Spitzer, J.J.4
  • 118
    • 0026792867 scopus 로고
    • Sepsis-induced insulin resistance in rats is mediated by a beta-adrenergic mechanism
    • Lang CH: Sepsis-induced insulin resistance in rats is mediated by a beta-adrenergic mechanism. Am. J. Physiol. 1992:263:E703-E711.
    • (1992) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.263
    • Lang, C.H.1
  • 119
    • 0017189334 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemic response of blood to live Escherichia coli organisms and endotoxin
    • Hinshaw LB, Beller BK, Archer LT, Benjamin B: Hypoglycemic response of blood to live Escherichia coli organisms and endotoxin. J. Surg. Res. 1976;21:141-150.
    • (1976) J. Surg. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 141-150
    • Hinshaw, L.B.1    Beller, B.K.2    Archer, L.T.3    Benjamin, B.4
  • 120
  • 121
    • 0026638740 scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory cytokines stimulate glucose uptake and glycolysis but reduce glucose oxidation in human dermal fibroblasts in vitro
    • Taylor DJ, Faragher MB, Evanson JM: Inflammatory cytokines stimulate glucose uptake and glycolysis but reduce glucose oxidation in human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Circ. Shock 1992;37: 105-110.
    • (1992) Circ. Shock , vol.37 , pp. 105-110
    • Taylor, D.J.1    Faragher, M.B.2    Evanson, J.M.3
  • 123
    • 0025765874 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic evaluation of the metabolism of pyruvate and related substrates in normal adult volunteers and severly burned children effect of dichloroacetate and glucose infusion
    • Wolfe RR, Jahoor F, Herndon DH, Mryoshi H: Isotopic evaluation of the metabolism of pyruvate and related substrates in normal adult volunteers and severly burned children effect of dichloroacetate and glucose infusion. Surgery 1991;110:54-67.
    • (1991) Surgery , vol.110 , pp. 54-67
    • Wolfe, R.R.1    Jahoor, F.2    Herndon, D.H.3    Mryoshi, H.4
  • 126
    • 0026531497 scopus 로고
    • Regional and systemic oxygen delivery/uptake relations and lactate flux in hyperdynamic-endotoxin-treated dogs
    • Curtis SE, Cain SM: Regional and systemic oxygen delivery/uptake relations and lactate flux in hyperdynamic-endotoxin-treated dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992;145:348-354.
    • (1992) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.145 , pp. 348-354
    • Curtis, S.E.1    Cain, S.M.2
  • 127
    • 0021345130 scopus 로고
    • Septic shock. A metabolic perspective
    • Mizzock B: Septic shock. A metabolic perspective. Arch. Intern. Med. 1984;144:579-585.
    • (1984) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.144 , pp. 579-585
    • Mizzock, B.1
  • 128
    • 0023232442 scopus 로고
    • Hypermetabolism, organ failure, and metabolic support
    • Cerra FB: Hypermetabolism, organ failure, and metabolic support. Surgery 1987;101:1-14.
    • (1987) Surgery , vol.101 , pp. 1-14
    • Cerra, F.B.1
  • 130
    • 0027254895 scopus 로고
    • Effect of sepsis on brain energy metabolism in normoxic and hypoxic rats
    • Hotchkiss RS, Rust RS, Song SK, Ackerman JJ: Effect of sepsis on brain energy metabolism in normoxic and hypoxic rats. Circ. Shock 1993;40:303-310.
    • (1993) Circ. Shock , vol.40 , pp. 303-310
    • Hotchkiss, R.S.1    Rust, R.S.2    Song, S.K.3    Ackerman, J.J.4
  • 132
    • 0023801746 scopus 로고
    • Muscle adenosine 5′-triphosprtate and creatine phosphate concentrations in relation to nutritional status and sepsis in man
    • Tresadern JC, Threlfall CJ, Wilford K, Irving MH: Muscle adenosine 5′-triphosprtate and creatine phosphate concentrations in relation to nutritional status and sepsis in man. Clin. Sci. 1988;75:233-242.
    • (1988) Clin. Sci. , vol.75 , pp. 233-242
    • Tresadern, J.C.1    Threlfall, C.J.2    Wilford, K.3    Irving, M.H.4
  • 133
  • 134
    • 0018349233 scopus 로고
    • Effect of sepsis on tissue adeninc nucleotides in conscious rats
    • Chaudry IH, Wichterman KA, Baue AE: Effect of sepsis on tissue adeninc nucleotides in conscious rats. Surgery 1979;85:205-211.
    • (1979) Surgery , vol.85 , pp. 205-211
    • Chaudry, I.H.1    Wichterman, K.A.2    Baue, A.E.3
  • 136
    • 0027008668 scopus 로고
    • 2 uptake/delivery and lactate flux in endotoxic dogs
    • 2 uptake/delivery and lactate flux in endotoxic dogs. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol 1992; 316:401-408.
    • (1992) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol , vol.316 , pp. 401-408
    • Cain, S.M.1    Curtis, S.E.2
  • 137
    • 0025110850 scopus 로고
    • Increased concentrations of plasma lactate predict pathologic dependence of oxygen consumption on oxygen delivery in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome
    • Fenwick J,C., Dodek PM, Ronco JJ, Phang PT, Wiggs B, Russell JA: Increased concentrations of plasma lactate predict pathologic dependence of oxygen consumption on oxygen delivery in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. J. Crit. Care 1990;5:81-86.
    • (1990) J. Crit. Care , vol.5 , pp. 81-86
    • Fenwick J, C.1    Dodek, P.M.2    Ronco, J.J.3    Phang, P.T.4    Wiggs, B.5    Russell, J.A.6
  • 140
    • 0025115817 scopus 로고
    • Effects of epinephrine on hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in dopamine resistant shock
    • Bollaert PE, Bauer P, Audibert G, Lambert H, Larcan A: Effects of epinephrine on hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in dopamine resistant shock Chest 1990;98:949-953.
    • (1990) Chest , vol.98 , pp. 949-953
    • Bollaert, P.E.1    Bauer, P.2    Audibert, G.3    Lambert, H.4    Larcan, A.5
  • 141
    • 0003025755 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the mechanism for the calorigenic effect of adrenaline in man
    • Svedmyr N: Studies on the mechanism for the calorigenic effect of adrenaline in man Acta Physiol. Scand. 1966;68:84-95.
    • (1966) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.68 , pp. 84-95
    • Svedmyr, N.1
  • 142
  • 143
    • 0023005784 scopus 로고
    • The effect of fluid loading, blood transfusion, and catecholamine infusion on oxygen delivery and consumption in patients with sepsis
    • Gilbert EM, Haupt MT, Mandanas RY, Huaringa AJ, Carlson RW: The effect of fluid loading, blood transfusion, and catecholamine infusion on oxygen delivery and consumption in patients with sepsis. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1986;134:873-878.
    • (1986) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.134 , pp. 873-878
    • Gilbert, E.M.1    Haupt, M.T.2    Mandanas, R.Y.3    Huaringa, A.J.4    Carlson, R.W.5
  • 144
    • 0025185106 scopus 로고
    • Lactate levels as predictors of the relation between oxygen delivery and consumption in ARDS
    • Kruse JA, Haupt MT, Pun VK, Carlson RW; Lactate levels as predictors of the relation between oxygen delivery and consumption in ARDS. Chest 1990;98:959-962.
    • (1990) Chest , vol.98 , pp. 959-962
    • Kruse, J.A.1    Haupt, M.T.2    Pun, V.K.3    Carlson, R.W.4
  • 146
    • 0025728439 scopus 로고
    • Blood transfusion and oxygen consumption in surgical sepsis
    • Steffes CP, Bender JS, Levinson MA: Blood transfusion and oxygen consumption in surgical sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 1991;19:512-517.
    • (1991) Crit. Care Med. , vol.19 , pp. 512-517
    • Steffes, C.P.1    Bender, J.S.2    Levinson, M.A.3
  • 147
    • 0028144599 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen transport-dependent splanchnic metabolism in the sepsis syndrome
    • Steffes CP, Dahn MS, Lange P: Oxygen transport-dependent splanchnic metabolism in the sepsis syndrome. Arch. Surg. 1994;129:46-52.
    • (1994) Arch. Surg. , vol.129 , pp. 46-52
    • Steffes, C.P.1    Dahn, M.S.2    Lange, P.3
  • 149
    • 0026072138 scopus 로고
    • Lack of a relationship between induced changes in oxygen consumption and changes in lactate levels
    • Silverman HJ: Lack of a relationship between induced changes in oxygen consumption and changes in lactate levels. Chest 1991;100:1012-1015.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , pp. 1012-1015
    • Silverman, H.J.1
  • 150
    • 0028202772 scopus 로고
    • Effects of dobutamine on oxygen transport and consumption in the adult respiratory distress syndrome
    • Krackman SL, Lodato RF, Morice R, Gutierrez G, Dantzker DR: Effects of dobutamine on oxygen transport and consumption in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 1994;20:130-137.
    • (1994) Intensive Care Med. , vol.20 , pp. 130-137
    • Krackman, S.L.1    Lodato, R.F.2    Morice, R.3    Gutierrez, G.4    Dantzker, D.R.5
  • 151
    • 0026465542 scopus 로고
    • Arterial norepinephrine changes in patients with septic shock
    • Benedict CR, Rose JA: Arterial norepinephrine changes in patients with septic shock. Circ. Shock 1992;38:165-172.
    • (1992) Circ. Shock , vol.38 , pp. 165-172
    • Benedict, C.R.1    Rose, J.A.2
  • 152
    • 0025292764 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic measurement of glucose and lactate kinetics
    • Wolfe RR: Isotopic measurement of glucose and lactate kinetics. Ann. Med. 1990;22:163-170.
    • (1990) Ann. Med. , vol.22 , pp. 163-170
    • Wolfe, R.R.1
  • 153
    • 0028152170 scopus 로고
    • Lactate-pyruvate interconversion in blood: Implications for in vivo tracer studies
    • Romijn JA, Chinkes DL, Schwarz JM, Wolfe RR: Lactate-pyruvate interconversion in blood: implications for in vivo tracer studies. Am. J. PhysioL 1994;266:E334-E340.
    • (1994) Am. J. PhysioL , vol.266
    • Romijn, J.A.1    Chinkes, D.L.2    Schwarz, J.M.3    Wolfe, R.R.4
  • 154
    • 0016292807 scopus 로고
    • Catecholamines: Mediator of the hypermetabolic response to thermal injury
    • Wilmore DW, Long JM, Mason AD, Skreen RW, Pruitt BA: Catecholamines: mediator of the hypermetabolic response to thermal injury. Ann.Surg. 1974;180:653-668.
    • (1974) Ann.Surg. , vol.180 , pp. 653-668
    • Wilmore, D.W.1    Long, J.M.2    Mason, A.D.3    Skreen, R.W.4    Pruitt, B.A.5
  • 155
    • 0023235333 scopus 로고
    • Effect of severe burn injury on substrate cycling by glucose and fatty acids
    • Wolfe RR, Herndon DN, Jahoor F, Miyoshi H, Wolfe M: Effect of severe burn injury on substrate cycling by glucose and fatty acids. N. Engl. J. Med. 1987;317:403-408.
    • (1987) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.317 , pp. 403-408
    • Wolfe, R.R.1    Herndon, D.N.2    Jahoor, F.3    Miyoshi, H.4    Wolfe, M.5
  • 156
    • 0028029207 scopus 로고
    • Splanchnic tonometry: A review of physiology, methodology, and clinical application
    • Groenveld ABJ, Kolkman JJ: Splanchnic tonometry: a review of physiology, methodology, and clinical application. J. Crit. Care 1994;9:198-210.
    • (1994) J. Crit. Care , vol.9 , pp. 198-210
    • Groenveld, A.B.J.1    Kolkman, J.J.2
  • 157
    • 0025257134 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic blood flow and splanchnic oxygen consumption measurements in clinical sepsis
    • Dahn MS, Lange MP, Wilson RF, Jacobs LA, Mitchell RA: Hepatic blood flow and splanchnic oxygen consumption measurements in clinical sepsis. Surgery 1990;107:295-301.
    • (1990) Surgery , vol.107 , pp. 295-301
    • Dahn, M.S.1    Lange, M.P.2    Wilson, R.F.3    Jacobs, L.A.4    Mitchell, R.A.5
  • 158
  • 160
    • 0028325760 scopus 로고
    • Glucose and urea production and leucine, ketoisocaproate and alanine fluxes at supraphysiological plasma adrenaline concentrations in volunteers
    • Ensinger H, Träger K, Geisser W, Anhäupl T, Ahnefeld FW, Vogt J, Georgieff M: Glucose and urea production and leucine, ketoisocaproate and alanine fluxes at supraphysiological plasma adrenaline concentrations in volunteers. Intensive Care Med. 1994;20: 113-118.
    • (1994) Intensive Care Med. , vol.20 , pp. 113-118
    • Ensinger, H.1    Träger, K.2    Geisser, W.3    Anhäupl, T.4    Ahnefeld, F.W.5    Vogt, J.6    Georgieff, M.7
  • 161
  • 162
    • 0021813725 scopus 로고
    • Fluid loading increases oxygen consumption in septic patients with lactic acidosis
    • Haupt MT, Gilbert EM, Carlson RW; Fluid loading increases oxygen consumption in septic patients with lactic acidosis. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1985;131:912-916.
    • (1985) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.131 , pp. 912-916
    • Haupt, M.T.1    Gilbert, E.M.2    Carlson, R.W.3
  • 164
    • 0018132038 scopus 로고
    • Increased oxygen consumption accompanying increased oxygen delivery with hypertonic mannitol in adult respiratory distress syndrome
    • Rhodes GR, Newell JC, Shah D, Scovill W, Tauber J, Dutton RE, Powers SR: Increased oxygen consumption accompanying increased oxygen delivery with hypertonic mannitol in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Surgery 1978;84:490-497.
    • (1978) Surgery , vol.84 , pp. 490-497
    • Rhodes, G.R.1    Newell, J.C.2    Shah, D.3    Scovill, W.4    Tauber, J.5    Dutton, R.E.6    Powers, S.R.7
  • 166
    • 0024406292 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dopamine vs norepinephrine on hemodynamics in septic shock
    • Schreuder WO, Schneider AJ, Groenveld ABJ, Thijs LG: Effect of dopamine vs norepinephrine on hemodynamics in septic shock. Chest 1989;95:1282-1288.
    • (1989) Chest , vol.95 , pp. 1282-1288
    • Schreuder, W.O.1    Schneider, A.J.2    Groenveld, A.B.J.3    Thijs, L.G.4
  • 167
    • 0022559175 scopus 로고
    • Effects of prostaglandin E1 in adult respiratory syndrome
    • Shoemaker WC, Appel PL: Effects of prostaglandin E1 in adult respiratory syndrome. Surgery 1986;99:275-282.
    • (1986) Surgery , vol.99 , pp. 275-282
    • Shoemaker, W.C.1    Appel, P.L.2
  • 168
    • 0021985307 scopus 로고
    • The acute effects of prostaglandin E1 on the pulmonary circulation and oxygen delivery in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome
    • Tokioka H, Kobayashi O, Ohta Y, Wakabayashi T, Kosaka F: The acute effects of prostaglandin E1 on the pulmonary circulation and oxygen delivery in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 1985;11:61-64.
    • (1985) Intensive Care Med. , vol.11 , pp. 61-64
    • Tokioka, H.1    Kobayashi, O.2    Ohta, Y.3    Wakabayashi, T.4    Kosaka, F.5
  • 169
    • 0023137611 scopus 로고
    • Dependence of oxygen consumption on cardiac output in sepsis
    • Wolf YD, Cotev S, Perel E, Manny J: Dependence of oxygen consumption on cardiac output in sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 1987;15: 198-203.
    • (1987) Crit. Care Med. , vol.15 , pp. 198-203
    • Wolf, Y.D.1    Cotev, S.2    Perel, E.3    Manny, J.4
  • 170
    • 0022574077 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen delivery and uptake in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Lack of relationship when measured independently in patients with normal blood lactate concentrations
    • Annat G, Viale JP, Percival C, Froment M, Motin J: Oxygen delivery and uptake in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Lack of relationship when measured independently in patients with normal blood lactate concentrations. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1986;133:999-1001.
    • (1986) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.133 , pp. 999-1001
    • Annat, G.1    Viale, J.P.2    Percival, C.3    Froment, M.4    Motin, J.5
  • 171
    • 0027383808 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between oxygen uptake and oxygen delivery in septic patients: Effects of prostacyclin versus dobutamine
    • De Backer D, Berre J, Zhang H, Khan RJ, Vincent JL: Relationship between oxygen uptake and oxygen delivery in septic patients: Effects of prostacyclin versus dobutamine. Crit. Care Med. 1993;21:1658-1664.
    • (1993) Crit. Care Med. , vol.21 , pp. 1658-1664
    • De Backer, D.1    Berre, J.2    Zhang, H.3    Khan, R.J.4    Vincent, J.L.5
  • 172
    • 0018485207 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dopamine on intrapulmonary shunt fraction and oxygen transport in severe sepsis with circulatory and respiratory failure
    • Jardin F, Gurdjian F, Desfonds P, Margairaz A: Effect of dopamine on intrapulmonary shunt fraction and oxygen transport in severe sepsis with circulatory and respiratory failure. Crit. Care Med. 1979;7:273-277.
    • (1979) Crit. Care Med. , vol.7 , pp. 273-277
    • Jardin, F.1    Gurdjian, F.2    Desfonds, P.3    Margairaz, A.4
  • 173
    • 0025058064 scopus 로고
    • Prostacyclin for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in the adult respiratory distress syndrome: Effects on pulmonary capillary pressure and ventilation-perfusion distributions
    • Radermacher P, Santak B, Wust HJ, Tarnow J, Falke KJ: Prostacyclin for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in the adult respiratory distress syndrome: effects on pulmonary capillary pressure and ventilation-perfusion distributions. Anesthesiology 1990; 72:238-244.
    • (1990) Anesthesiology , vol.72 , pp. 238-244
    • Radermacher, P.1    Santak, B.2    Wust, H.J.3    Tarnow, J.4    Falke, K.J.5
  • 174
    • 0026697127 scopus 로고
    • Gastric tonometry in patients with sepsis. Effects of dobutamine infusions and red packed blood cell transfusions
    • Silverman HJ, Tuma P: Gastric tonometry in patients with sepsis. Effects of dobutamine infusions and red packed blood cell transfusions. Chest 1992;102:184-188.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.102 , pp. 184-188
    • Silverman, H.J.1    Tuma, P.2
  • 175
    • 0023946757 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of oxygen delivery and mixed venous oxygenation to lactic acidosis in patients with sepsis and acute myocardial infarction
    • Astiz ME, Rackow EC, Kaufman BS, Falk JL, Weil MH: Relationship of oxygen delivery and mixed venous oxygenation to lactic acidosis in patients with sepsis and acute myocardial infarction. Crit. Care Med. 1988;16:655-658.
    • (1988) Crit. Care Med. , vol.16 , pp. 655-658
    • Astiz, M.E.1    Rackow, E.C.2    Kaufman, B.S.3    Falk, J.L.4    Weil, M.H.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.