Hyperinsulinemia, hyperproinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the metabolic syndrome

Experientia

Volumn 52, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 426-432

  Schrezenmeir, J ^a,b  

^a JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b Kiel and Lungen Clinic Grosshansdorf   (Germany)

Author keywords

Fat intake; Free fatty acids; Galanin; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Metabolic syndrome; Proinsulin; Triglycerides

Indexed keywords

GALANIN; INSULIN; LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE; PROINSULIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

AMINO ACID TRANSPORT; ENERGY; FAT INTAKE; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; HUMAN; HYPERINSULINEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; ION TRANSPORT; LIPID METABOLISM; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; FATTY ACIDS, NONESTERIFIED; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMANS; HYPERINSULINISM; INSULIN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PROINSULIN; SYNDROME; TRIGLYCERIDES;

EID: 0029952169     PISSN: 00144754     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF01919311     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Boden, G., Chen, X., Ruiz, J., White, J. V., and Rossetti, L., Mechanisms of fatty acid-induced inhibition of glucose uptake. J. clin. Invest. 93 (1994) 2438-2446.
2. De Fronzo, R. A., Cooke, C. R., Andres, R., Faloona, G. R., and Davis, P. J., The effect of insulin on renal handling of sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate in man. J. clin. Invest. 55 (1975) 845-855.
3. De Fronzo, R. A., and Ferrannini, E., Insulin resistance. A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diab. Care 14 (1991) 173-194.
4. Fenselau, S., Diba, A., Keppler, I., Weber, P., Marz, W., Beyer, J., and Schrezenmeir, J., Apolipoprotein phenotypes in NIDDM, high and normal triglyceride responders. Diabetologia 37 (Suppl. 1) (1994) A 86.
5. Ferrannini, E., Barett, E. J., Bevilacquas, and De Fronzo, R. A., Effect of fatty acids on glucose production and utilisation in man. J. clin. Invest. 72 (1983) 1737-1747.
6. Fraze, E., Donner, C. C., and Swislocki, A. L. M., Ambient plasma free fatty acid concentrations in NIDDM: evidence for insulin resistance. J. clin. Endocrin. Metab. 61 (1985) 807-811.
7. Jain, S. K., Nagi, D. K., Slavin, B. M., Lumb, P. J., and Yudkin, J. S., Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic subjects suppresses plasminogen activator inhibitor (pai-1) and proinsulin like molecules independently of glycaemic control. Diab. Med. 10 (1993) 27-32.
8. Levy, J. C., Clark, P. M., Hales, C. N., and Turner, C., Normal proinsulin responses to glucose in mild type II diabetic subjects with subnormal insulin response. Diabetes 42 (1993) 162-169.
9. Nagi, D. K., Hendra, T. J., Ryle, A. J., Cooper, T. M., Temple, R. C., Clark, P. M. S., Schneider, A. E., Hales, C. N., and Yudkin, J. S., The relationship of concentrations of insulin, intact proinsulin and 32-33 split proinsulin with cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects. Diabetologia 33 (1990) 532-537.
10. Orth, B., Schrezenmeir, J., Fenselau, S., Hauck, Ch., Hammerschmidt, K. H., and Beyer, J., Oral lipid tolerance test (oLT) detects the constellation of the metabolic syndrome before oral glucose tolerance (oGT) is impaired. Diabetologia 37(Suppl. 1) (1994) A 146.
11. Reaven, G., Chen, X. D., Hollenbeck, C. B., Sheu, W. H., and Ostrega, D., Polensky, K. S., Plasma insulin, C-Peptide and proinsulin concentration in obese and non obese individuals with varying degrees of glucose tolerance. J. clin. Endocrin. Metab. 76 (1993) 44-48.
12. Schrezenmeir, J., Weber, P., Probst, R., Biesalski, H. K., Luley, C., Prellwitz, W., Krause, U., and Beyer, J., Postprandial pattern of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein in normal-weight humans after an oral lipid load: exaggerated triglycerides and altered insulin response in some subjects. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 36 (1992) 186-196.
13. Schrezenmeir, J., Keppler, I., Fenselau, S., Weber, P., Biesalski, H. K., Probst, R., Laue, C., Zuchhold, H. D., Prellwitz, W., and Beyer, J., The phenomenon of a high triglyceride response to an oral lipid load in healthy subjects and its link to the metabolic syndrome. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 683 (1993) 302-314.
14. Schrezenmeir, J., Keppler, I., Abel, J., Fenselau, S., Weber, P., and Beyer, J., Dissociation of insulin sensitivity towards glucose and fat metabolism at an early stage of the metabolic syndrome. Int. J. Obesity 17 (Suppl. 2) (1993) 97.
15. Schrezenmeir, J., Clark, P., Fenselau, S., Abel, J., Beyer, J., and Hales, C. N., Incomplete proinsulin processing in subjects with postprandial high triglyceride response (premetabolic syndrome). Exp. clin. Endocr. 102 (Suppl. 2) (1994) 175.
16. Schrezenmeir, J., Fenselau, S., Strausberger, B., and Schandl, L., Association of increased adrenal reactivity with abdominal adipose tissue, high postprandial triglyceride response and increased dietary induced thermogenesis. Exp. clin. Endocr. 103 (Suppl. 1) (1995) 82.
17. Schrezenmeir, J., Koffler, Th., Busch, D., Bohl, J., and Strack, T., Increased expression of galanin in nucleus arcuatus hypothalami may play a pathogenetic role in NIDDM. Int. J. Obes. 17 (Suppl. 2) (1993) 66.
18. Singer, P., Godicke, W., Voigt, S., Hajdu, I., and Weiss, M., Postprandial hyperinsulinemia in patients with mild essential hypertension. Hypertension 7 (1985) 182-186.
19. Stout, R. W., Development of vascular lesions in insulin treated animals fed a normal diet. Brit. med. J. 3 (1970) 685-687.
20. Stout, R. W., Bierman, E. L., and Rioss, R., Effect of insulin on the proliferation of cultured primate arterial smooth muscle cell. Circ. Res. 36 (1975) 319-327.
21. Stout, R. W., Diabetes and atherosclerosis, the role of insulin. Diabetologia 16 (1979) 141-150.
22. Stout, R. W., Insulin and atheroma: 20-year perspective. Diab. Care 13 (1990) 631-654.
23. Taggart, H., and Stout, R. W., Control of DNA synthesis in cultured vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 37 (1980) 549-557.
24. Temple, R. C., Carrington, C. A., Luzio, S. D., Owens, D. R., Schneider, A. E., Sobey, W. J., and Hales, C. N., Insulin deficiency in NIDDM. Lancet 1 (1989) 293-295.
25. Tshunehara, C. H., Leonetti, D. J., and Fujimoto, W. Y., Diet of second-generation Japanese-American men with and without now insulin dependent diabetes. Am. J. clin. Nutr. 52 (1990) 731-738.
26. Zhou, Y. P., and Grill, V. E., Long term exposure of rat pancreatic islets to fatty acids inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion and biosynthesis through a glucose fatty acid cycle. J. clin. Invest. 93 (1994) 870-876.