The irrelevance of infant observations for psychoanalysis

Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 369-473

  Wolff, Peter H ^a,b  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHILD PSYCHIATRY; CLINICAL RESEARCH; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; HUMAN; INFANT; NOMENCLATURE; OBSERVATION; PSYCHOANALYSIS; REVIEW;

EID: 0029951638     PISSN: 00030651     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/000306519604400202     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. BARRATT, B.B. (1985). Psychoanalysis as critique of ideology. Psychoanal. Inq., 5:437-470.
2. BERNSTEIN, N. (1967). The Coordination and Regulation of Movements. London: Pergamon.
3. BOWLBY, J. (1958). The nature of the child's tie to his mother. Int. J. Psychoanal., 39:350-373.
4. _ (1969). Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
5. _ (1981). Psychoanalysis as a natural science. Int. Rev. Psychoanal., 8:243-256.
6. BRAZELTON, T.B. (1982). Joint regulations of parent neonate behavior. In Social Interchange in Infancy, ed. E. Tronick. Baltimore: University Park Press, pp. 7-22.
7. CHANGEUX, J.P. (1980). Genetic determinism and epigenesis of the neuronal network: is there a biological compromise between Chomsky and Piaget? In Language and Learning, ed. M. Piattelli-Palmarini. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 184-202.
8. _ & MIKOSHUBA, K. (1978). "Genetic" and "epigenetic" factors regulating synapse formation in vertebrate cerebellum and neuromuscular junction. Progress in Brain Research, 48:43-66.
9. CHURCHLAND, P.S. (1986). Neurophilosophy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
10. CLARKE, A.M. & CLARKE, A.D.B. (1976). Early Experience: Myth and Evidence. London: Open Books.
11. CONDON, W.S. & SANDER, L.W. (1974). Synchrony demonstrated between movements of the neonate and adult speech. Child Development, 45:456-462.
12. CRAMER, B., ROBERT-TISSOT, C., STERN, D., SERPA-RUSEONI, S., DE MURALT, M., BESSON, G. PALACIO-ESPARA, F., BACHMAN, J.P., KNAUER, D., BERNEY, C. & D'ARCIS, U. (1990). Outcome evolution in brief mother-infant psychotherapy: a preliminary report. Infant Mental Health J., 11:278-300.
13. DAVIES, P. (1988). The Cosmic Blueprint: New Discoveries in Nature's Creative Ability to Order the Universe. New York: Simon & Schuster.
14. DEMOS, E.V. (1985). The elusive infant. Psychoanal. Inq., 5:553-568.
15. DINNERSTEIN, D. (1987). The Mermaid and the Minotaur: The Rocking of the Cradle and the Ruling of the World. London: Women's Press.
16. EAGLE, M.N. (1984). Recent Developments in Psychoanalysis. New York: McGraw-Hill.
17. EDELMAN, G.M. (1987). Neural Darwinism. New York: Basic Books.
18. EDELSON, M. (1984). Hypothesis and Evidence in Psychoanalysis. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press.
19. EMDE, R.N. (1980a). Changing models of infancy and the nature of early development: Remodeling the foundations. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 29:179-219.
20. _ (1980b). Toward a psychoanalytic theory of affect. In The Course of Life: Psychoanalytic Contributions Toward Understanding Personality Development. Vol. 1: Infancy and Early Childhood, ed. S.I. Greenspan & G.H. Pollock. Washington, D.C.: NIMH.
21. _ (1988). Development terminable and interminable. Int. J. Psychoanal., 69:23-42.
22. _ (1991). Positive emotions for psychoanalytic theory: surprises from infancy research and new directions. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 39:5-14.
23. _ (1992). Individual meaning and increasing complexity: contributions of Sigmund Freud and René Spitz to developmental psychology. Devel. Psychol., 28:347-359.
24. _ & HARMON, R.J. (1984). Entering a new era in the search for developmental continuities. In Continuities and Discontinuities in Development, ed. R.N. Emde & R.J. Harmon. New York: Plenum, pp. 3-14.
25. EYRE, D.E. (1992). Mother-Infant Bonding: A Scientific Fiction. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.
26. FENTRESS, J.C. (1986). Development of coordinated movement: dynamic, relational and multileveled perspectives. In Motor Development in Children, ed. M.G. Wade & H.T.A. Whiting. Dordrecht: Nijhoff, pp. 77-106.
27. FREUD, S. (1899). Screen memories. S.E., 3.
28. _ (1905). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. S.E., 7.
29. _ (1940). An outline of psychoanalysis. S.E., 23.
30. GALENSON, E. & ROIPHE, H. (1973). The emergence of genital awareness during the second year of life. In Sex Differences in Behavior, ed. R.C. Friedman, R.M. Richart, & R.L. Van de Wiele. New York: Wiley.
31. GEDO, J.E. (1985). On the dawn of experience: the past recaptured. Psychoanal. Inq., 5:601-620.
32. GOTTLIEB, G. (1970). The roles of experience in the development of behavior and the nervous system. In Development and Neural and Behavioral Specificity, ed. G. Gottlieb. New York: Academic Press.
33. _ (1983). The psychobiological approach to developmental issues. In Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. II. 4th ed., ed. P. Mussen, New York: Wiley, pp. 1-26.
34. _ (1991). Experimental canalization of behavioral development: theory. Devel. Psychol., 27:4-13.
35. GOULD, S.J. (1977). Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
36. GREENSPAN, S.I. (1989). The Development of the Ego. Madison, CT: Int. Univ.
37. GRIFFIN, D.E. (1993). Animal Minds. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press.
38. GRUNBAUM, A. (1984). The Foundations of Psychoanalysis: A Philosophical Critique. Berkeley, CA: Univ. Calif. Press.
39. _ (1990). "Meaning" connections and causal connections in the human sciences. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 38:559-577.
40. HADEMARD, J. (1945). The Psychology of Invention in the Mathematical Field. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.
41. HARTMANN, H. (1950). Psychoanalysis and developmental psychology. Psychoanal. Study Child, 5:7-17.
42. HOLT, R.R. (1985). The current status of psychoanalytic theory. Psychoanal. Psychol., 2:289-315.
43. HOLZMAN, P. (1985). Psychoanalysis: is the therapy destroying the science? J Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 33:725-770.
44. _ & ARONSON, G. (1990). Psychoanalysis and its neighboring sciences: paradigms and opportunities. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 38:63-88.
45. IZARD, C.E. & MALATESTA, C.Z. (1987). Perspectives on emotional development. I: Differential emotions theory of early emotional development. In Handbook of Infant Development, ed. J. Osofsky. New York: Wiley, pp. 494-542.
46. KAGAN, J. (1984). The Nature of the Child. New York: Basic Books.
47. KUGLER, P.N., KELSO, J.A.S. & TURVEY, M.T. (1982). On the control and coordination of naturally occurring svstems. In The Development of Movement Control and Coordination, ed. J.A.S. Kelso & J.E. Clark. New York: Wiley, pp. 5-78.
48. _ & TURVEY, M.T. (1987). Information, Natural Law and the Self-Assembly of Rhythmic Movements. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
49. LEHRMAN, D.S. (1953). A critique of Konrad Lorenz's theory of instructive behavior. Q. Rev. Biology, 28:337-363.
50. _ (1970). Semantic and conceptual issues in the nature-nurture problem. In Development and Evolution of Behavior, ed. F.R. Aronson, E. Tobach, D.S. Lehrman & J.S. Rosenblatt. San Francisco: Freeman.
51. LEICHTMAN, M. (1990). Developmental psychology and psychoanalysis: the context for a revolution in psychoanalysis. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 37:915-950.
52. LEWIS, M. & ROSENBLUM, L. (1978). Introduction: issues in affect development. In The Development of Affect: Vol. 1. The Genesis of Behavior, ed. M. Lewis & L. Rosenblum. New York: Plenum, pp. 1-10.
53. LICHTENBERG, J.D. (1983). Psychoanalysis and Infant Research. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
54. _ (1987). Infant studies and clinical work with adults. Psychoanal. Inq., 7:311-330.
55. MEEHL, P.E. (1993). If Freud could define psychoanalysis, why can't APBD do it? Psychoanal. & Contemp. Thought, 16:299-326.
56. MELZOFF, A. & MOORE, M. (1977). Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates. Science, 198:75-78.
57. MICHEL, G.F. (1991). Human psychology and the minds of other animals. In Cognitive Ethology, ed. C.A. Ristau. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 253-272.
58. NICOLI, G. & PRIGOGINE, I. (1989). Exploring Complexity. New York: Freeman.
59. OPPENHEIM, R.W. (1981a). Neuronal cell death and some related regressive phenomena during neurogenesis. In Studies in Developmental Neurobiology, ed. W. M. Cohan. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, pp. 74-133.
60. _ (1981b). Ontogenetic adaptations and retrogressive processes in development of the nervous system and behavior. In Maturation and Development: Biological and Psychological Perspectives, ed. K.J. Connolly & H.F.R. Prechtl. London: Heinemann.
61. _ (1992). Pathways in the emergence of developmental neuroethology: antecedents to current views on neuro-behavioral ontogeny. J. Neurobiol., 23:1370-1403.
62. PAULSON, G. & GOTTLIEB, G. (1968). Developmental reflexes: the reappearance of foetal and neonatal reflexes in aged patients. Brain, 91:37-52.
63. PETERFREUND, E. (1976). Some critical comments on psychoanalytic conceptualizations of infancy. Int. J. Psychoanal., 59:427-441.
64. PIAGET, J. (1952). The Origins of Intelligence. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
65. _ (1971). Biology and Knowledge. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press.
66. PINE, F. (1990). Drive, Ego, Object, Self. New York: Basic Books.
67. RAPAPORT, D. (1953). On the psychoanalytic theory of affect. Int. J. Psychoanal., 34:177-198.
68. _ (1959). The Structure of Psychoanalytic Theory. Psychological Issues Monograph 6. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
69. _ (1960). Psychoanalysis as a developmental psychology. In Perspectives in Psychological Theory, ed. B. Kaplan & S. Wapner. New York: Int. Univ. Press, pp. 209-255.
70. RICOEUR, P. (1970). Freud and Philosophy. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
71. ROBINS, L. & RUTTER, M. (1990). Introduction. In Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, ed. L. Robins & M. Rutter. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. xiii-xix.
72. RUBINSTEIN, B. (1976). On the possibility of a strictly clinical psychoanalytic theory. In Psychology Versus Metapsychology, ed. M.M. Gill & P. Holzman. New York: Int. Univ. Press, pp. 229-264.
73. SCHAFER, R. (1981). Narration in the psychoanalytic dialogue. In On Narrative, ed. W.J.T. Mitchell. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, pp. 29-53.
74. SCHNEIRLA, T.C. (1966). Behavioral development and comparative psychology. Q. Rev. Biology, 41:283-302.
75. SCHOENER, G. & KELSO, J.A.S. (1989). Dynamic pattern generation in behavioral and neural systems. Science, 239:1513-1520.
76. SEARLE, J.R. (1990). Consciousness, explanatory inversion, and cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13:585-642.
77. SMITH, L. & THELEN, E., eds. (1993). A Dynamic Systems Approach to Development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
78. SPITZ, R. (1959). A Genetic Field Theory of Ego Formation. Madison, CT: Int. Univ. Press.
79. STERN, D.M. (1985). The Interpersonal World of the Infant. New York: Basic Books.
80. _ (1988). Affect in the context of the infant's lived experience. Int. J. Psychoanal., 69:233-238.
81. STERN-BRUSCHWEILER, N. & STERN, D.N. (1989). A model for conceptualizing the role of the mother's representational world in various mother-infant therapies. Infant Mental Health J., 10:142-155.
82. STEWART, I. (1989). Does God Play Dice? The Mathematics of Chaos. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
83. STICH, S. (1983). From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
84. TOMKINS, S.S. (1962). Affect, Imagery, Consciousness. Vol. I. New York: Springer.
85. TREVARTHEN, C. (1986). Development of intersubjective motor control in infants. In Motor Development in Children: Aspects of Coordination and Control, ed. M.G. Wade & H.T.A. Whiting. Dordrecht: Nijhoff.
86. TRONICK, E. (1981). Infant communicative intent. In Language Behavior in Infancy and Early Childhood, ed. R. Stark. Amsterdam: Elsevier-North Holland, pp. 5-16.
87. TYSON, P. & TYSON, R.L. (1990). Psychoanalytic Theories of Development: An Integration. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.
88. WADDINGTON, C.H. (1968). The basic ideas of biology. In Towards a Theoretical Biology: I. Prolegomena, ed. C.H. Waddington. Chicago: Aldine.
89. WERNER, H. & KAPLAN, E. (1964). Symbol Formation. New York: Wiley.
90. WOLFF, T. & READY, D.F. (1991). Cell death in normal and rough eye mutants of drosophila. Development, 113:825-839.
91. YATES, E.F. (1987). Self-Organizing Systems: The Emergence of Order. New York: Plenum.
92. ZEANAH, C.H., ANDERS, T.F., SEIFER, R. & STERN, D. (1990). Implications of research on infant development for psychoanalytic theory and practice. Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development, ed. S. Chess & M.E. Hertzig. New York: Bruner/Mazel, pp. 5-33.
93. ZELAZO, P.R. (1976). From reflexive to instrumental behavior. In Developmental Psychobiology: The Significance of Infancy, ed. L. Lipsitt. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 87-108.