Role of sulfur in reducing PCDD and PCDF formation

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 30, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 1827-1834

  Raghunathan, K ^a   Gullett, Brian K ^b  

^a Acurex Environmental Corporation   (United States)

^b U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHLORINE; COAL; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXIN; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURAN; SULFUR DIOXIDE;

AIR MONITORING; AIR SAMPLING; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION; COMBUSTION; FLUE GAS; FLY ASH; WASTE DISPOSAL;

EID: 0029951333     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es950362k     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Stieglitz, L.; Vogg, H. On Formation Conditions of PCDD/PCDF in Fly Ash from Municipal Waste Incinerators. Chemosphere 1987, 16, 1917.
2. Griffin, R. D. A New Theory of Dioxin Formation in Municipal Solid Waste Combustion. Chemosphere 1986, 15, 1987.
3. Hagenmaier, H.; Kraft, M.; Brunner, H.; Haag, R. Catalytic Effects of Fly Ash from Waste Incineration Facilities on the Formation and Decomposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 1080.
4. Gullett, B. K.; Bruce, K. R.; Beach, L. O. Formation of Chlorinated Organics During Solid Waste Combustion. Waste Manage. Res. 1990, 3, 203.
5. Gullett, B. K.; Bruce, K. R.; Beach, L. O. The Effect of Metal Catalysts on the Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran Precursors. Chemosphere 1990, 20, 1945.
6. Ballschmiter, K.; Braunmiller, I.; Niemczyk, R.; Swerev, M. Reaction Pathways for the Formation of Polychlorodibenzodioxins (PCDD) and -furans (PCDF) in Combustion Processes. II. Chlorobenzenes and Chlorophenols and Precursors in the Formation of Polychlorodibenzodioxins and -dibenzofurans in Flame Chemistry. Chemosphere 1988, 17, 995.
7. Dickson, L. C.; Karasek, F. W. Mechanism of Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins Produced on Municipal Incinerator Fly Ash from Reactions of Chlorinated Phenols. J. Chromatogr. 1987, 389, 127.
8. Karasek, F. W.; Dickson, L. C. Model Studies of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin Formation During Municipal Refuse Incineration. Science 1987, 237, 754.
9. Gullett, B. K.; Bruce, K. R.; Beach, L. O.; Drago, A. M. Mechanistic Steps in the Production of PCDD and PCDF during Waste Combustion. Chemosphere 1992, 25, 1387.
10. Stieglitz, L.; Zwick, G.; Beck, J.; Roth, W.; Vogg, H. On the denovo Synthesis of PCDD/PCDF on Fly Ash of Municipal Waste Incinerators. Chemosphere 1989, 18, 1219.
11. Kimble, B. J.; Gross, M. L. Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Quantitation in Stack-Collected Coal Fly Ash. Science 1980, 207, 59.
12. Ohlsson, O. O.; Livengood, C. D.; Daugherty, K. E. Results of Emissions and Ash Testing in Full-Scale Co-Combustion Tests of Binder-Enhanced dRDF Pellets and High-Sulfur Coal. Presented at Air and Waste Management Association Forum 90, Pittsburgh, PA, June 24-29, 1990.
13. Mahle, N. H.; Whiting, L. F. The Formation of Chlorodibenzo-p-Dioxins by Air Oxidation and Chlorination of Bituminous Coal. Chemosphere 1980, 9, 693.
14. Lindbauer, R. L.; Wurst, F.; Prey, T. Combustion Dioxin Suppression in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration with Sulfur Additives. Chemosphere 1992, 25, 1409.
15. Gullett, B. K.; Bruce, K. R.; Beach, L. O. Effect of Sulfur Dioxide on the Formation Mechanism of Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxin and Dibenzofuran in Municipal Waste Combustors. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 1938.
16. Environment Canada. Environmental Characterization of Mass Burning Incinerator Technology at Quebec City; Summary Report, National Incinerator Testing and Evaluation Program: Ottawa, June 1988; EPS 3/UP/5.
17. Gullett, B. K.; Lemieux, P. M.; Dunn, J. E. Role of Combustion and Sorbent Parameters in Prevention of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxinand Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran Formation during Waste Combustion. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 107.
18. Satterfield, C. N. Heterogenous Catalysis in Industrial Practice, 2nd ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York, 1991.
19. Gullett, B. K.; Haghunathan, K. Observations on the Effect of Combustion Parameters on Dioxin/Furan Yield. Presented at Dioxin '95, 15th International Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds, Edmonton, Canada, Aug 21-25, 1995.
20. Frankenhaeuser, M.; Manninen, H.; Virkki, J.; Kojo, I.; Ruuskanen, J.; Vesterinen, R. The Effect of the Chlorine/Sulfur Ratio on Organic Emissions from the Combustion of Mixed Fuels. NESTE Final Report: Porvoo, Finland, 1992.
21. Gordon, S.; McBride, B. J. Computer Program for Calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions, Rocket Performance, Incident and Reflected Shocks, and Chapman-Jouguet Detonations; Scientific and Technical Information Office, NASA: Washington, DC, 1971.
22. Smith, J. M.; Van Ness, H. C. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, 3rd ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York, 1975.