The population biology of the interaction between HIV-1 and HIV-2: Coexistence or competitive exclusion?

AIDS

Volumn 10, Issue 14, 1996, Pages 1663-1673

  Anderson, Roy M ^a   May, Robert M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Coexistence; Cross immunity; Evolution of virulence; HIV 1; HIV 2; Population dynamics

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 2; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; POPULATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; VIRUS VIRULENCE;

EID: 0029951183     PISSN: 02699370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199612000-00011     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Burnett M, White DO: Natural History of Infectious Diseases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1972.
2. Anderson RM, May RM: Population biology of infectious diseases: part I. Nature 1979, 280:361-367.
3. Anderson RM, May RM: Coevolution of hosts and parasites. Parasitology 1982, 85:411-426.
4. Anderson RM: Vertebrate populations, pathogens and the immune system. In Population and Biology. Edited by Keyfitz N. Liége: Ordina Editions; 1981:249-268.
5. Levin SA, Pimentel D: Selection of intermediate rates of increase in parasite-host systems. Am Naturalist 1981, 117:308-315.
6. Ewald PW: Host-parasite relations, vectors, and the evolution of disease severity. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 1983, 14:465-485.
7. Anderson RM, May RM: Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1991.
8. Lipsitch M, Nowak MA, Ebert D, May RM: The population dynamics of vertically and horizontally transmitted parasites. Proc R Soc Lond B 1995, 260:321-327.
9. Nowak MA, May RM: Superinfection and the evolution of virulence. Proc R Soc Lond B 1994, 255:81-89.
10. Frank SA: A kin selection model for the evolution of virulence. Proc R Soc Lond B 1992, 250:195-197.
11. Gupta S, Maiden MCJ, Feavers IM, Nee S, May RM, Anderson RM: The maintenance of strain structure in population of recombining infectious agents. Nature Med 1996, 2:437-442.
12. May RM, Nowak MA: Coinfection and the evolution of virulence. Proc R Soc Lond B 1995, 261:209-215.
13. Fenner F, Ratcliffe FN: Myxomatosis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1965.
14. Herre EA: Population structure and the evolution of virulence in nematode parasites of fig wasps. Science 1993, 259:1442-1445.
15. Ebert D, Magin KL: The evolution of virulence when familiarity breeds death. Biologist 1995, 4:154-156.
16. Bull JJ, Molineux IJ, Rice WR: Selection of benevolence in a hostparasite system. Evolution 1991, 45:875-882.
17. Ewald PW: The Evolution of Infectious Disease. New York: Oxford University Press; 1993.
18. Lipsitch M, Nowak MA: The evolution of virulence in sexually transmitted HIV/AIDS. J Theor Biol 1995, 174:427-440.
19. Marlink R, Kanki P, Thior I, et al.: Reduced rate of disease development after HIV-2 infection as compared to HIV-1. Science 1994, 265:1587-1590.
20. Whittle H, Morris J, Todd J, et al.: HIV-2-infected patients survive longer than HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS 1994, 8:1617-1620.
21. Travers K, Mboup S, Marlink R, et al.: Natural protection against HIV-1 infection provided by HIV-2. Science 1995, 268:1612-1615.
22. N'Gbichi J-M, De Cock KM, Batter V, et al.: HIV statistics of female sex partners of men reactive to HIV-1, HIV-2 or both viruses in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. AIDS 1995, 9:951-954.
23. Ghys PD, Diallo MO, Ettiègne-Traoré V, et al.: Dual seroreactivity to HIV-1 and HIV-2 in female sex workers in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. AIDS 1995, 9:955-958.
24. Anderson RM, May RM, Medley GF, Johnson A: A preliminary study of the transmission dynamics of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS. IMA J Math Appl Med Biol 1986, 3:229-263.
25. Garnett GP, Anderson RM: Balancing sexual partnerships in an age and activity stratified model of HIV transmission in heterosexual populations. IMA J Math Appl Med Biol 1994, 11:161-192.
26. Hendriks JCM, Medley GF, van Griensven GJP, Coutinho RA, Heisterkamp SM, van Druten HAM: The treatment-free incubation period of AIDS. AIDS 1993, 7:231-239.
27. Anderson RM: The Croonian Lecture. Populations, infectious disease and immunity: a very nonlinear world. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 1994, 346:457-505.
28. Anderson RM, May RM, Boily M-C, Garnett GP, Rowley JT: The spread of HIV-1 in Africa: sexual contact patterns and the predicted demographic impact of AIDS. Nature 1991, 352:581-589.
29. Anderson RM, May RM: The invasion, persistence and spread of infectious diseases within animal and plant communities. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 1986, 314:533-570.
30. Kanki PJ, De Cock KM: Epidemiology and natural history of HIV-2. AIDS 1994, 8 (suppl 1):S85-S93.
31. US Bureau of the Census: HIV/AIDS Surveillance Data Base. Washington, DC: Population Division, US Bureau of the Census; 1994.
32. Anderson RM, Trewhella W: Population dynamics of the badger (Meles meles) and the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis). Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 1985, 310:327-381.
33. De Cock KM, Adjorolo G, Ekpino E, et al.: Epidemiology and transmission of HIV2: why there is no HIV-2 pandemic. JAMA 1993, 270:2083-2086.
34. Clavel F, Guétord D, Brun-Vezinet F, et al.: Isolation of a new human retrovirus from West African patients with AIDS. Science 1986, 233:343-346.
35. George JR, Ou C-Y, Parekh B, et al.: Prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 mixed infections in Côte d'lvoire. Lancet 1992, 340:337-359.
36. Peeters M, Gershy-Damet G-M, Fransen K, et al.: Virological and polymerase chain reaction studies of HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infection in Côte d'Ivoire. Lancet 1992, 340:339-340.
37. Wilkins A, Ricard D, Todd J, Whittle H, Dias F, Da Silva AP: The epidemiology of HIV infection in a rural area of Guinea-Bissau. AIDS 1995, 7:1119-1122.
38. Ricard D, Wilkins A, N'Gum PT, et al.: The effects of HIV-2 infection in a rural area of Guinea-Bissau. AIDS 1994, 8:977-982.
39. Poulsen A-G, Aaby P, Gottschau A, et al.: HIV-2 infection in Bissau, West Africa, 1987-1989: incidence, prevalences, and rates of transmission. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1993, 6:941-948.
40. Nauder A, Albino P, Andersson S, et al.: Clinical and immunological follow-up of previously hospitalized HIV-2 seropositive patients in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. Scand J Infect Dis 1992, 24:725-731.
41. Borin F, M'Boup S, Denis F, et al.: Serological evidence for virus related to simian T-lymphotropic retrovirus III in residents in West Africa. Lancet 1986, ii:1387-1389.
42. Mulder DW, Nunn AJ, Wagner H-U, Kamali A, Kengeya-Kayondo JF: HIV-incidence and HIV-1-associated mortality in a rural Ugandan population cohort. AIDS 1994, 8:87-92.
43. Anzala OA, Nagelkerke NJP Buayo JJ, et al.: Rapid progression to disease in African sex workers with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis 1995, 171:686-689.
44. Kanki P, M'Boup S, Marlink R, et al.: Prevalence and risk determinants of HIV-2 and HIV-1 in West African female prostitutes. Am J Epidemiol 1992, 136:895-907.
45. Simon F, Matheson S, Tamalet C, et al.: Cellular and plasma viral load in patients infected with HIV-2. AIDS 1993, 7:1411-1417.
46. Kanki PJ, Travers K, M'Boup S, et al.: Slower heterosexual spread of HIV-2 than HIV-1. Lancet 1994, 343:945-946.
47. Donnelly C, Leisenny W, Kanki P, Awerbuch T: Comparison of transmission rates of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in a cohort of prostitutes in Senegal. Bull Math Biol 1993, 55:731-743.
48. Anderson RM, May RM: Epidemiological parameters of HIV transmission. Nature 1988, 333:514-519.
49. Kunanusont G, Foy HM, Kreiss JK, et al.: HIV-1 subtypes and male-to-female transmission in Thailand. Lancet 1995, 345:1078-1083.
50. Laga M, Diallo MO, Buvé A: Inter-relationship of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV: where are we now? AIDS 1994, 8 (suppl 1):S119-S124.
51. European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV: Comparison of female to male and male to female transmission of HIV in 563 stable couples. BMJ 1992, 304:809-813.
52. Dabis F, Msellati P Dunn D, et al.: Estimating the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Report of a workshop on methodological issues, Ghent (Belgium), 17-20 February 1992. AIDS 1993, 7:1139-1148.
53. Ryder RW, Behets F: Reasons for the wide variation in reported rates of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. AIDS 1994, 8:1495-1497.
54. Morgan G, Wilkins HA, Pepin J, Jobe O, Brewster D, Whittle H: AIDS following mother-to-child transmission of HIV-2. AIDS 1990, 4:879-882.
55. Andreasson P-A, Dias F, Nauder A, Andersson A, Biberfield G: Prospective study of vertical transmission of HIV-2 in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. AIDS 1993, 7:989-993.
56. Myers G, Korber B, Smith RF, Berzofsky JA, Pavlakis GN: Human Retroviruses and AIDS, 1993. Los Alamos: Los Alamos National Laboratory; 1993.
57. Sharp PM, Robertson DL, Gao F, Hahn BH: Origins and diversity of immunodeficiency viruses. AIDS 1994, 8 (suppl 1):S27-S42.
58. Temin HM: Is HIV unique or merely different? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1989, 2:1-9.
59. Delwart EL, Shaper EG, Louwagie J, et al.: Genetic relationships determined by a DNA heteroduplex mobility assay: analysis of HIV-1 env genes. Science 1993, 262:1257-1261.
60. Kuiken C-L, Karber BTM: Epidemiological significance of intra-and inter-person variation of HIV-I. AIDS 1994, 8 (suppl 1):S73-S83.
61. Overbaugh J, Poss M, Jackson S, et al.: Diversity in subtype A and D HIV-1 transmitted through heterosexual contact. Eight Annual Meeting of the National Cooperative Vaccine Development Groups for AIDS. Washington, DC, February 1996 [abstract 68].
62. Sarrcco A, Musuco M, Nicolosi A, et al.: Man-to-woman sexual transmission of HIV: longitudinal study of 343 steady partners of infected men. J Acquir Immune Defic syndr 1993, 6:497-502.
63. O'Brien TR, Busch MP, Donegan E, et al.: Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from transfusion recipients to their sex partners. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1994, 7:705-710.
64. European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV: Risk factor for male to female transmission of HIV. BMJ 1989, 298:411-415.
65. Konings L, Anderson RM, Morley D, O'Riordan T, Meegan M: Rates of sexual partner change among two pastoralist southern Nilotic groups in east Africa [letter]. AIDS 1989, 3:245-247.