메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue SUPPL. 2, 1996, Pages 19-28

The psychobiology of the acute schizophrenic episode

Author keywords

Apomorphine; Dopamine; Gamma aminobutyric acid; Glutamate; Positive and negative symptoms; Schizophrenia; Serotonin

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; APOMORPHINE; DOPAMINE; GLUTAMIC ACID; NEUROTRANSMITTER; NORADRENALIN; SEROTONIN;

EID: 0029949319     PISSN: 02681315     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004850-199605002-00004     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (7)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 0027405968 scopus 로고
    • Distorted distribution of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase neurons in temporal lobe of schizophrenics implies anomalous cortical development
    • Akbarian S, Viñuela A, Kim J, Potkin S, Bunney WE Jr, Jones E (1993) Distorted distribution of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase neurons in temporal lobe of schizophrenics implies anomalous cortical development. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:178-187.
    • (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 178-187
    • Akbarian, S.1    Viñuela, A.2    Kim, J.3    Potkin, S.4    Bunney Jr., W.E.5    Jones, E.6
  • 2
    • 0028948389 scopus 로고
    • Gene expression for glutamic acid decarboxylase is reduced without loss of neurons in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics
    • Akbarian S, Kim J, Potkin S, et al. (1995) Gene expression for glutamic acid decarboxylase is reduced without loss of neurons in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:258-266.
    • (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 258-266
    • Akbarian, S.1    Kim, J.2    Potkin, S.3
  • 3
    • 0025195973 scopus 로고
    • The hippocampus and parahippocampus in schizophrenic, suicide and control brains
    • Altshuler L, Casanova M, Goldberg TE, et al. (1990) The hippocampus and parahippocampus in schizophrenic, suicide and control brains. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:1029-1034.
    • (1990) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 1029-1034
    • Altshuler, L.1    Casanova, M.2    Goldberg, T.E.3
  • 4
    • 0028020904 scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging assessment of cognitive disorders
    • Andreasen N (1994) Neuroimaging assessment of cognitive disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 55 (suppl 11):3-4.
    • (1994) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.55 , Issue.11 SUPPL. , pp. 3-4
    • Andreasen, N.1
  • 6
    • 0026467216 scopus 로고
    • Hypofrontality in neuroleptic-naive patients and inpatients with chronic schizophrenia
    • Andreasen N, Rezai K, Alliger R, et al. (1992) Hypofrontality in neuroleptic-naive patients and inpatients with chronic schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:943-958.
    • (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 943-958
    • Andreasen, N.1    Rezai, K.2    Alliger, R.3
  • 7
    • 0028034202 scopus 로고
    • Thalamic abnormalities in schizophrenia visualized through magnetic resonance image averaging
    • Andreasen N, Arndt S, Swayze V, et al. (1991) Thalamic abnormalities in schizophrenia visualized through magnetic resonance image averaging. Science 266:294-298.
    • (1991) Science , vol.266 , pp. 294-298
    • Andreasen, N.1    Arndt, S.2    Swayze, V.3
  • 8
    • 0025915446 scopus 로고
    • Some cytoarchitectural abnormalities of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia
    • Arnold SE, Hyman BJ, Van Hoesen GW, et al. (1991) Some cytoarchitectural abnormalities of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:625-632.
    • (1991) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 625-632
    • Arnold, S.E.1    Hyman, B.J.2    Van Hoesen, G.W.3
  • 9
    • 0025786847 scopus 로고
    • Deficits in small interneurons in prefrontal and cingulate cortices of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients
    • Benes FM, McSparren J, Bird ED, Sangiovanni JP, Vincent SL (1991) Deficits in small interneurons in prefrontal and cingulate cortices of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:996-1001.
    • (1991) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 996-1001
    • Benes, F.M.1    McSparren, J.2    Bird, E.D.3    Sangiovanni, J.P.4    Vincent, S.L.5
  • 10
    • 0027509381 scopus 로고
    • Is the mechanism of prefrontal hypofunction in depression the same as in schizophrenia?
    • Berman K, Doran A, Pickar D, Weinbgerger D (1993) Is the mechanism of prefrontal hypofunction in depression the same as in schizophrenia? Br J Psychiatry 162:183-192.
    • (1993) Br J Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 183-192
    • Berman, K.1    Doran, A.2    Pickar, D.3    Weinbgerger, D.4
  • 11
    • 0021680093 scopus 로고
    • Catecholamines and their receptors in blood: Evidence for alterations in schizophrenia
    • Bondy B, Ackenheil M, Birzle W, Elbers R, Fröhler M (1984) Catecholamines and their receptors in blood: evidence for alterations in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 19:1377-1393.
    • (1984) Biol Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 1377-1393
    • Bondy, B.1    Ackenheil, M.2    Birzle, W.3    Elbers, R.4    Fröhler, M.5
  • 12
    • 0028785179 scopus 로고
    • New insights into the biology of schizophrenia through the mechanism of action of clozapine
    • Brunello N, Masotto C, Steardo L, Markstein R, Racagni G (1995) New insights into the biology of schizophrenia through the mechanism of action of clozapine. Neuropsychopharmacology 13:177-213.
    • (1995) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.13 , pp. 177-213
    • Brunello, N.1    Masotto, C.2    Steardo, L.3    Markstein, R.4    Racagni, G.5
  • 13
    • 0026447205 scopus 로고
    • Frontostriatal disorder of cerebral metabolism in never-medicated schizophrenics
    • Buchsbaum M, Maier R, Potkin S, et al. (1992) Frontostriatal disorder of cerebral metabolism in never-medicated schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:935-942.
    • (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 935-942
    • Buchsbaum, M.1    Maier, R.2    Potkin, S.3
  • 14
    • 0030053697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PET and MRI of the thalamus in never-medicated patients with schizophrenia
    • Buchsbaum M, Someya T, Teng C, et al. (1996) PET and MRI of the thalamus in never-medicated patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 153:191-199.
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 191-199
    • Buchsbaum, M.1    Someya, T.2    Teng, C.3
  • 15
    • 0028261615 scopus 로고
    • Structural brain abnormalities as indicators of vulnerability to schizophrenia
    • Cannon T, Marco E (1994) Structural brain abnormalities as indicators of vulnerability to schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 20:89-102.
    • (1994) Schizophr Bull , vol.20 , pp. 89-102
    • Cannon, T.1    Marco, E.2
  • 16
    • 0024247522 scopus 로고
    • The current status of dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia
    • Carlsson A (1988) The current status of dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 1:179-186.
    • (1988) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.1 , pp. 179-186
    • Carlsson, A.1
  • 17
    • 0023878788 scopus 로고
    • Plasma homovanillic acid levels and subtyping of schizophrenia
    • Chang W, Chen T, Lee C, Hung J, Hu W, Yeh E (1988) Plasma homovanillic acid levels and subtyping of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 23:239-244.
    • (1988) Psychiatry Res , vol.23 , pp. 239-244
    • Chang, W.1    Chen, T.2    Lee, C.3    Hung, J.4    Hu, W.5    Yeh, E.6
  • 18
    • 0025123752 scopus 로고
    • Regional brain metabolism during auditory hallucinations in chronic schizophrenia
    • Cleghorn J, Garnett E, Nahmias C, Brown G, et al. (1990) Regional brain metabolism during auditory hallucinations in chronic schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 157:562-570.
    • (1990) Br J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 562-570
    • Cleghorn, J.1    Garnett, E.2    Nahmias, C.3    Brown, G.4
  • 19
    • 0025986801 scopus 로고
    • Effects of neuroleptic treatment on symptoms of schizophrenia and plasma homovanillic acid concentrations
    • Davidson M, Kahn R, Knott P, et al. (1991) Effects of neuroleptic treatment on symptoms of schizophrenia and plasma homovanillic acid concentrations. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:910-913.
    • (1991) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 910-913
    • Davidson, M.1    Kahn, R.2    Knott, P.3
  • 21
    • 0021997979 scopus 로고
    • Plasma homovanillic acid concentration and the severity of schizophrenic illness
    • Davis K, Davidson M, Mohs R, et al. (1985) Plasma homovanillic acid concentration and the severity of schizophrenic illness. Science 227:1601-1602.
    • (1985) Science , vol.227 , pp. 1601-1602
    • Davis, K.1    Davidson, M.2    Mohs, R.3
  • 22
    • 0026070134 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine in schizophrenia: A review and reconceptualization
    • Davis KL, Kahn R, Ko G, Davidson M (1991) Dopamine in schizophrenia: a review and reconceptualization. Am J Psychiatry 148:1474-1486.
    • (1991) Am J Psychiatry , vol.148 , pp. 1474-1486
    • Davis, K.L.1    Kahn, R.2    Ko, G.3    Davidson, M.4
  • 23
    • 0027772728 scopus 로고
    • Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction in the major psychoses: Symptom or disease specificity?
    • Dolan R, Bench C, Liddle P, et al. (1993) Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction in the major psychoses: symptom or disease specificity? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 56:1290-1294.
    • (1993) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 1290-1294
    • Dolan, R.1    Bench, C.2    Liddle, P.3
  • 24
    • 0029045681 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analyses of studies of ventricular enlargement and cortical prominence in mood disorders
    • Elkis H, Friedman L, Wise A, Meltzer H (1995) Meta-analyses of studies of ventricular enlargement and cortical prominence in mood disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:735-746.
    • (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 735-746
    • Elkis, H.1    Friedman, L.2    Wise, A.3    Meltzer, H.4
  • 25
    • 0022877254 scopus 로고
    • Cell loss in the hippocampus of schizophrenics
    • Falkai P, Bogerts B (1986) Cell loss in the hippocampus of schizophrenics. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 263: 154-161.
    • (1986) Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci , vol.263 , pp. 154-161
    • Falkai, P.1    Bogerts, B.2
  • 27
    • 0020390010 scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia: Caused by a fault in programmed synaptic elimination during adolescence?
    • Feinberg I (1983) Schizophrenia: caused by a fault in programmed synaptic elimination during adolescence? J Psychiatr Res 17:319-338.
    • (1983) J Psychiatr Res , vol.17 , pp. 319-338
    • Feinberg, I.1
  • 28
    • 0021246357 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal effects of apomorphine in schizophrenics
    • Ferrier I, Johnstone E, Crow T (1984) Hormonal effects of apomorphine in schizophrenics. Br J Psychiatry 144:349-357.
    • (1984) Br J Psychiatry , vol.144 , pp. 349-357
    • Ferrier, I.1    Johnstone, E.2    Crow, T.3
  • 29
    • 0019964347 scopus 로고
    • Are dopamine receptors present on human lymphocytes?
    • Fleminger S, Jenner P, Marsden C (1982) Are dopamine receptors present on human lymphocytes? J Pharm Pharmacol 34: 658-663.
    • (1982) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.34 , pp. 658-663
    • Fleminger, S.1    Jenner, P.2    Marsden, C.3
  • 30
    • 0029552886 scopus 로고
    • Regional brain activity in chronic schizophrenic patients during the performance of a verbal fluency task
    • Frith C, Friston K, Herold S, et al. (1995) Regional brain activity in chronic schizophrenic patients during the performance of a verbal fluency task. Br J Psychiatry 167:343-349.
    • (1995) Br J Psychiatry , vol.167 , pp. 343-349
    • Frith, C.1    Friston, K.2    Herold, S.3
  • 31
    • 0026059697 scopus 로고
    • Phasic versus tonic dopamine release and the modulation of dopamine system responsitivity: A hypothesis for the etiology of schizophrenia
    • Grace AA (1991) Phasic versus tonic dopamine release and the modulation of dopamine system responsitivity: a hypothesis for the etiology of schizophrenia. Neuroscience 41:1-24.
    • (1991) Neuroscience , vol.41 , pp. 1-24
    • Grace, A.A.1
  • 32
    • 0025194405 scopus 로고
    • 3H)-spiperone binding to peripheral blood lymphocytes from neuroleptic responsive and nonresponsive schizophrenic patients
    • 3H)-spiperone binding to peripheral blood lymphocytes from neuroleptic responsive and nonresponsive schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 27: 1327-1330.
    • (1990) Biol Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 1327-1330
    • Grodzicki, J.1    Pardo, M.2    Schved, G.3    Schlosberg, A.4    Fuchs, S.5    Kanety, H.6
  • 33
    • 0029098119 scopus 로고
    • Resting cerebral glucose metabolism in first episode and previously treated patients with schizophrenia relates to clinical features
    • Gur R, Mozley D, Resnick S, et al. (1995) Resting cerebral glucose metabolism in first episode and previously treated patients with schizophrenia relates to clinical features. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:657-667.
    • (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 657-667
    • Gur, R.1    Mozley, D.2    Resnick, S.3
  • 34
    • 0024439480 scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal pathologic findings in schizophrenia: A morphometric study
    • Jeste DV, Lohr JB (1989) Hippocampal pathologic findings in schizophrenia: a morphometric study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:1019-1024.
    • (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 1019-1024
    • Jeste, D.V.1    Lohr, J.B.2
  • 35
    • 2442744663 scopus 로고
    • Imaging in psychiatric disorders
    • Edited by Greenberg J. New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Krishnan K, Boyko O, Figiel G (1995) Imaging in psychiatric disorders. In Neuroimaging. Edited by Greenberg J. New York: McGraw-Hill; pp 227-250.
    • (1995) Neuroimaging , pp. 227-250
    • Krishnan, K.1    Boyko, O.2    Figiel, G.3
  • 36
    • 0020647102 scopus 로고
    • 3H)-spiperidon binding on lymphocytes: Changes in two different groups of schizophrenic patients and effect on neuroleptic treatment
    • 3H)-spiperidon binding on lymphocytes: changes in two different groups of schizophrenic patients and effect on neuroleptic treatment. Life Sci 32:249-255.
    • (1993) Life Sci , vol.32 , pp. 249-255
    • Lefur, G.1    Zarifian, E.2    Phan, T.3
  • 37
    • 0026601337 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia
    • Liddle PF, Friston K, Frith C, et al. (1992) Patterns of cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 160:179-186.
    • (1992) Br J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 179-186
    • Liddle, P.F.1    Friston, K.2    Frith, C.3
  • 38
    • 0027160593 scopus 로고
    • Neurochemistry and neuroendocrinology of schizophrenia: A selective review
    • Lieberman J, Koreen A (1993) Neurochemistry and neuroendocrinology of schizophrenia: a selective review. Schizophr Bull 19:371-429.
    • (1993) Schizophr Bull , vol.19 , pp. 371-429
    • Lieberman, J.1    Koreen, A.2
  • 39
    • 0026046111 scopus 로고
    • Plasma free homovanillic acid (HVA) as a predictor of clinical response in acute psychosis
    • Mazure C, Nelson J, Jatlow P, Bowers M (1991) Plasma free homovanillic acid (HVA) as a predictor of clinical response in acute psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 30:475-482.
    • (1991) Biol Psychiatry , vol.30 , pp. 475-482
    • Mazure, C.1    Nelson, J.2    Jatlow, P.3    Bowers, M.4
  • 41
    • 7344250211 scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical and neuroendocrine measures and prediction of outcome to neuroleptic therapy
    • Edited by Gaebel W, Awad A. New York: Springer
    • Müller-Spahn F, Hock C, Kurtz G (1994) Neurochemical and neuroendocrine measures and prediction of outcome to neuroleptic therapy. In Prediction of Neuroleptic Treatment Outcome in Schizophrenia. Edited by Gaebel W, Awad A. New York: Springer; pp 111-122.
    • (1994) Prediction of Neuroleptic Treatment Outcome in Schizophrenia , pp. 111-122
    • Müller-Spahn, F.1    Hock, C.2    Kurtz, G.3
  • 43
    • 0028850552 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia
    • Olney J, Farber N (1995) Glutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:998-1007.
    • (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 998-1007
    • Olney, J.1    Farber, N.2
  • 44
    • 0023521005 scopus 로고
    • Postmortem study of chronic schizophrenic brains
    • Pakkenberg B (1987) Postmortem study of chronic schizophrenic brains. Br J Psychiatry 151:744-752.
    • (1987) Br J Psychiatry , vol.151 , pp. 744-752
    • Pakkenberg, B.1
  • 45
    • 0025131197 scopus 로고
    • Pronounced reduction of total neuron number in mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and nucleus accumbens in schizophrenics
    • Pakkenberg B (1990) Pronounced reduction of total neuron number in mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and nucleus accumbens in schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47: 1023-1028.
    • (1990) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 1023-1028
    • Pakkenberg, B.1
  • 46
    • 0025017081 scopus 로고
    • Hypofrontality and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: Dynamic single-photon tomography and neuropsychological assessment of schizophrenic brain function
    • Paulman R, Devous M, Gregory R, et al. (1990) Hypofrontality and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: dynamic single-photon tomography and neuropsychological assessment of schizophrenic brain function. Biol Psychiatry 27:377-399.
    • (1990) Biol Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 377-399
    • Paulman, R.1    Devous, M.2    Gregory, R.3
  • 47
    • 0022620254 scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal measurement of plasma homovanillic acid levels in schizophrenic patients
    • Pickar D, Labarca R, Doran A, et al. (1986) Longitudinal measurement of plasma homovanillic acid levels in schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 4:669-679.
    • (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.4 , pp. 669-679
    • Pickar, D.1    Labarca, R.2    Doran, A.3
  • 48
  • 50
    • 0023792455 scopus 로고
    • Effect of trifluoperazine on CSF and plasma HVA levels in schizophrenic subjects
    • Sharma R, Javaid J, Janicak P, Comaty J, Davis J, Faull K (1988) Effect of trifluoperazine on CSF and plasma HVA levels in schizophrenic subjects. Am J Psychiatry 145:1480-1481.
    • (1988) Am J Psychiatry , vol.145 , pp. 1480-1481
    • Sharma, R.1    Javaid, J.2    Janicak, P.3    Comaty, J.4    Davis, J.5    Faull, K.6
  • 51
    • 0025327621 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical abnormalities in the brains of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia
    • Suddath R, Christison G, Torrey E, Casanova M, Weinberger D (1990) Anatomical abnormalities in the brains of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 322: 789-794.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , pp. 789-794
    • Suddath, R.1    Christison, G.2    Torrey, E.3    Casanova, M.4    Weinberger, D.5
  • 52
    • 0025860568 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of negative symptoms in schizophrenia with frontal lobe parameters on magnetic resonance imaging
    • Williamson P, Pelz D, Merskey H, Morrison S, Conlon P (1991) Correlation of negative symptoms in schizophrenia with frontal lobe parameters on magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Psychiatry 159:130-134.
    • (1991) Br J Psychiatry , vol.159 , pp. 130-134
    • Williamson, P.1    Pelz, D.2    Merskey, H.3    Morrison, S.4    Conlon, P.5
  • 54
    • 0029684862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodevelopmental abnormalities and schizophrenia
    • Wyatt R (1996) Neurodevelopmental abnormalities and schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53:11-15.
    • (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.53 , pp. 11-15
    • Wyatt, R.1
  • 55
    • 0023008530 scopus 로고
    • Relation of clinical symptoms to apomorphine stimulated growth hormone release in mood-incongruent psychotic patients
    • Zemlan F, Hirschowitz J, Garver D (1986) Relation of clinical symptoms to apomorphine stimulated growth hormone release in mood-incongruent psychotic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:1162-1167.
    • (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 1162-1167
    • Zemlan, F.1    Hirschowitz, J.2    Garver, D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.