Burglary victimization, perceptions of crime risk, and routine activities: A multilevel analysis across Seattle neighborhoods and census tracts

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 147-180

  Rountree, Pamela Wilcox ^a   Land, Kenneth C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR; FEAR; HUMAN; RISK ASSESSMENT; THEFT; VICTIM;

EID: 0029946180     PISSN: 00224278     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022427896033002001     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Baumer, Terry L. 1979. "Research on Fear of Crime in the United States." Victimology 3:254-63.
2. _. 1985. "Testing a General Model of Fear of Crime: Data from a National Sample." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 22:239-55.
3. Brantingham, Paul J. and Patricia L. Brantingham, eds. 1981. Environmental Criminology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
4. Bryk, Anthony S. and Stephen W. Raudenbush. 1992. Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
5. Bursik, Robert J., Jr. and Harold G. Grasmick. 1993. Neighborhoods and Crime: The Dimensions of Effective Community Control. New York: Lexington Books.
6. Cantor, David and Kenneth C. Land. 1985. "Unemployment and Crime Rates in the Post-World War II United States: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis." American Sociological Review 50:317-32.
7. Clarke, Alan H. and Margaret J. Lewis. 1982. "Fear of Crime Among the Elderly." British Journal of Criminology 22:49-62.
8. Cohen, Lawrence E. and Marcus Felson. 1979. "Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activities Approach," American Sociological Review 44:588-608.
9. Cohen, Lawrence E., Marcus Felson, and Kenneth C. Land. 1980. "Property Crime Rates in the United States: A Macrodynamic Analysis, 1947-77; with Ex Ante Forecasts for the Mid-1980's." American Journal of Sociology 86:90-118.
10. Cohen, Lawrence E., James R. Kluegel, and Kenneth C. Land. 1981. "Social Inequality and Predatory Criminal Victimization: An Exposition and Test of a Formal Theory." American Sociological Review 46:505-24.
11. Cook, Philip J. 1986. "The demand and supply of criminal opportunities." Pp. 1-27 in Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Vol. 7, edited by Michael Tonry and Norval Morris. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
12. Felson, Marcus. 1994. Crime and Everyday Life. Thousand Oaks, CA: Thousand Oaks Press.
13. Ferraro, Kenneth F. 1995. Fear of Crime: Interpreting Victimization Risk. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
14. Ferraro, Kenneth F. and Randy L. LaGrange. 1987. "The Measurement of Fear of Crime." Sociological Inquiry 57:70-101.
15. Garofalo, James. 1979. "Victimization and the Fear of Crime." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 16:80-97.
16. _. 1981. "The Fear of Crime: Causes and Consequences." The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 72:839-57.
17. Garofalo, James and John Laub. 1979. "The Fear of Crime: Broadening Our Perspective." Victimology 3:242-53.
18. Goldstein, Harvey. 1987. Multilevel Models in Educational and Social Research. New York: Oxford University Press.
19. Hartnagel, Timothy. 1979. "The Perception and Fear of Crime: Implications for Neighborhood Cohesion, Social Activity, and Community Affect." Social Forces 58:176-93.
20. Hox, Joop J. and Itag G. Kreft. 1994. "Multilevel Analysis Methods." Sociological Methods and Research 22:283-99.
21. Kennedy, Leslie W. and David R. Forde. 1990. "Routine Activities and Crime: An Analysis of Victimization in Canada." Criminology 28:137-51.
22. LaGrange, Randy L., Kenneth Ferraro and Michael Supancic. 1992. "Perceived Risk and Fear of Crime." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 29:311-34.
23. Lewis, Dan A. and Michael G. Maxfield. 1980. "Fear in the Neighborhoods: An Investigation of the Impact of Crime." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 17:160-89.
24. Lewis, Dan A. and Greta Salem. 1986. Fear of Crime: Incivility and the Production of a Social Problem. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
25. Lindley, Dennis V. and A.F.M. Smith. 1972. "Bayes Estimates for the Linear Model (with Discussion)." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B. 34:1-41.
26. Liska, Allen E., Joseph J. Lawrence, and Andrew Sanchirico. 1982. "Fear of Crime as a Social Fact." Social Forces 60:760-70.
27. Uska, Allen E., Andrew Sanchirico, and Mark D. Reed. 1988. "Fear of Crime and Constrained Behavior Specifying and Estimating a Reciprocal Effects Model." Social Forces 66:827-37.
28. Liska, Allen E. and Barbara D. Warner. 1991. "Functions of Crime: A Paradoxical Process." American Journal of Sociology 96:1441-63.
29. Mason, William W., George Y. Wong, and Barbara Entwisle. 1983. "Contextual Analysis through the Multilevel Linear Model." Sociological Methodology 1983-1984:72-103.
30. Maxfield, Michael G. 1984. "The Limits of Vulnerability in Explaining Fear of Crime: A Comparative Neighborhood Analysis." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 21:233-50.
31. Miethe, Terance D. and David McDowall. 1993. "Contextual Effects in Models of Criminal Victimization." Social Forces 71:741-59.
32. Miethe, Terance D. and Robert F. Meier. 1994. Crime and Its Social Context: Toward an Integrated Theory of Offenders, Victims, and Situations. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
33. Miethe, Terance D., Mark C. Stafford, and Scott Long. 1987. "Social Differentiation in Criminal Victimization: A Test of Routine Activities/Lifestyle Theory." American Sociological Review 52:184-94.
34. Muthen, Bengt. 1994. "Latent Variable Modeling of Longitudinal and Multilevel Data." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Los Angeles, California, August.
35. Neter, John, William Wasserman, and Michael H. Kutner. 1989. Applied Linear Regression Models. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin.
36. Ortega, Suzanne T. and Jessie L. Myles. 1987. "Race and Gender Effects on Fear of Crime: An Interactive Model with Age." Criminology 25:133-52.
37. Patterson, Lindsay. 1991. "Multilevel Logistic Regression." Pp. 5-18 in Data Analysis with ML3, edited by Robert Prosser, J. Rasbash, and H. Goldstein. London: Institute of Education, University of London.
38. Prosser, Robert, J. Rasbash, and H. Goldstein. 1991a. ML3: Software for Three-Level Analysis. London: Institute of Education, University of London.
39. _. 1991b. Data Analysis with ML3. London: Institute of Education: University of London.
40. Raudenbush, Stephen W. 1984. "Applications of a Hierarchical Linear Model in Educational Research." Dissertation Abstracts International 45:1713A.
41. Rountree, Pamela Wilcox and Kenneth C. Land. Forthcoming. "Perceived Risk Versus Fear of Crime: Empirical Evidence of Conceptually Distinct Reactions in Survey Data." Social Forces.
42. Rountree, Pamela Wilcox, Kenneth C. Land, and Terance D. Miethe. 1994. "Macro-Micro Integration in the Study of Victimization: A Hierarchical Logistic Model Analysis across Seattle Neighborhoods." Criminology 32:387-414.
43. Sampson, Robert J. and John D. Wooldredge. 1987. "Linking the Micro- and Macro-Level Dimensions of Lifestyle-Routine Activity and Opportunity Models of Predatory Victimization." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 3:371-93.
44. Seattle Police Department. 1989. "Total Part I Offenses by Federal Census Tract of Occurrence." In 1989 Annual Report. Seattle, WA: Author.
45. _. 1990. "Total Part I Offenses by Federal Census Tract of Occurrence." In 1990 Annual Report. Seattle, WA: Author.
46. Skogan, Wesley G. and Michael G. Maxfield. 1981. Coping with Crime: Individual and Neighborhood Reactions. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
47. Smith, Douglas A. and G. Roger Jarjoura. 1989. "Household Characteristics, Neighborhood Composition and Victimization Risk." Social Forces 68:621-40.
48. Stafford, Mark C. and Omer R. Galle. 1984. "Victimization Rates, Exposure to Risk, and Fear of Crime." Criminology 22:173-85.
49. Strenio, J.L.F., H. I. Weisberg, and A. S. Bryk. 1983. "Empirical Bayes Estimation of Individual Growth Curve Parameters and Their Relationship to Covariates." Biometrics 39:71-86.
50. Taylor, Ralph B., Stephen D. Gottfredson, and Sidney Brower. 1984. "Block Crime and Fear: Defensible Space, Local Social Ties, and Territorial Functioning." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 21:303-31.
51. Taylor, Ralph B. and Margaret Hale. 1986. "Testing Alternative Models of Fear of Crime." The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 77:151-89.
52. van der Wurff, Adri, Leendert van Staalduinen, and Peter Stringer. 1989. "Fear of Crime in Residential Environments: Testing a Social Psychological Model." The Journal of Social Psychology 129:141-60.
53. Warr, Mark. 1985. "Fear of Rape Among Urban Women." Social Problems 32:238-250.
54. _. 1990. "Dangerous Situations: Social Context and Fear of Victimization." Social Forces 68:891-907.
55. Warr, Mark and Mark Stafford. 1983. "Fear of Victimization: A Look at the Proximate Causes." Social Forces 61:1033-43.
56. Wilson, James Q. and George L. Kelling. 1982. "Broken Windows." The Atlantic Monthly March:29-38.
57. Winship, Christopher and Robert D. Mare. 1984. "Regression Models with Ordinal Variables." American Sociological Review 49:512-25.
58. Wong, George Y. and William M. Mason. 1985. "Multilevel Analysis." Journal of the American Statistical Association 80:513-24.