The Thrombocytopenic Purpuras: Recognition and Management

Drugs

Volumn 51, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 942-953

  Gillis, Shmuel ^a  

^a TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PURPURA;

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; ASCORBIC ACID; COLCHICINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN; DANAZOL; DAPSONE; DIPYRIDAMOLE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; RHESUS D ANTIBODY; STEROID; VINCA ALKALOID; VINCRISTINE;

AUTOIMMUNITY; CLINICAL FEATURE; DRUG THERAPY; ETIOLOGY; HUMAN; IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; RELAPSE; REVIEW; SPLENECTOMY; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION; THROMBOCYTE COUNT; THROMBOCYTE TRANSFUSION; THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; HUMANS; PLATELET TRANSFUSION; PROGNOSIS; PURPURA, THROMBOCYTOPENIC, IDIOPATHIC; PURPURA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC; SPLENECTOMY; STEROIDS;

EID: 0029946064     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199651060-00003     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Pizzuto J, Ambriz R. Therapeutic experience on 934 adults with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: multicentric trial of the cooperative Latin America group on hemostasis and thrombosis. Blood 1984; 64: 1179-83
2. Ben-Yehuda D, Gillis S, Eldor A, et al. Clinical and therapeutic experience in 712 Israeli patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Acta Haematol 1994; 91: 1-6
3. Blanchette V, Imbach P, Andrew M, et al. Randomised trial of intravenous immunoglobulin G. intravenous anti-D, and oral prednisone in childhood acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Lancet 1994; 344: 703-7
4. George J, El-Harake M, Raskob G. Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 1207-11
5. Eden O, Lilleyman J. Guidelines for management of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Arch Dis Child 1992; 67: 1056-8
6. Menell JS, Bussel JB. Antenatal management of the thrombocytopenias. Clin Perinatol 1994; 21: 591-614
7. Ozsoylu S, Karabent A, Irken G, et al. Antiplatelet antibodies in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol 1991; 36: 82-5
8. Taub JW, Warrier I, Holtkamp C, et al. Characterization of autoantibodies against the platelet glycoprotein antigens IIb/IIIa in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol 1995; 48: 104-7
9. Lilleyman J. Intracranial haemorrhage in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Arch Dis Child 1994; 71: 251-3
10. Blanchette V, Luke B, Andrew M, et al. A prospective, randomized trial of high-dose intravenous immune globulin G therapy, oral prednisone therapy, and no therapy in childhood acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura. J Pediatr 1993; 123: 989-95
11. Albayrak D, Islek I, Kalayci AG, et al. Acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura: a comparative study of very high oral doses of methylprednisolone and intravenously administered immune globulin. J Pediatr 1994; 125: 1004-7
12. Dubansky AS, Oski FA. Controversies in the management of acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a survey of specialists. Pediatrics 1986; 77: 49-52
13. Lilleyman JS. Treatment of childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura [letter]. Lancet 1994; 344: 1155
14. Bussel JB, Graziano JN, Kimberly RP, et al. Intravenous anti-D treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura: analysis of efficacy, toxicity, and mechanism of effect. Blood 1991; 77: 1884-93
15. Borgna-Pignatti C, Battisti L, Zecca M, et al. Treatment of chronic childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura with intramuscular anti-D immunoglobulins. Br J Haematol 1994; 88: 618-20
16. Holdsworth RJ, Irving AD, Cuschieri A. Postsplenectomy sepsis and its mortality rate: actual versus perceived risks. Br J Surg 1991; 78: 1031-8
17. Tamary H, Kaplinsky C, Levy L et al. Chronic childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: long-term follow up. Acta Paediatr 1994; 83: 931-4
18. Stasi R, Stipa E, Masi M, et al. Long-term observation of 208 adults with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Med 1995; 98: 436-42
19. Doan CA, Bouroncle BA, Wiseman BK. Idiopathic and secondary thrombocytopenic purpura: a clinical study and evaluation of 381 cases over a period of 28 years. Ann Intern Med 1960; 53: 861-76
20. Karpatkin S. Immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura in HIV-seropositive homosexuals, narcotic addicts and hemophiliacs. Semin Hematol 1988; 25: 219-29
21. Bizzaro N. EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia: a clinical and epidemiological study of 112 cases, with 10-year follow-up. Am J Hematol 1995; 50: 103-9
22. Fujisawa K, Tani P, Piro L, et al. The effect of therapy on platelet-associated autoantibody in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 1993; 81: 2872-7
23. RuyiHe B, Reid DM, Jones CE, et al. Spectrum of Ig classes, specificities, and titers of serum antiglycoproteins in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 1994; 83: 1024-32
24. Berchtold P, Wenger M. Autoantibodies against platelet glycoproteins in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: their clinical significance and response to treatment. Blood 1993; 81: 1246-50
25. Belluci S, Charpak Y, Chastang C, et al. Low doses vs, conventional doses of corticoids in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP): results of a randomized clinical trial in 160 children, 223 adults. Blood 1988; 71: 1165-9
26. Chirletti P, Cardi M, Barillari P, et al. Surgical treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura. World J Surg 1992; 16: 1001-5
27. Gigot JF, Healy ML, Ferrant A, et al. Laparoscopic spleneciomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Br J Surg 1994; 81: 1171-2
28. Caulier MT, Darloy F, Rose C, et al. Splenic irradiation for chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in patients with contra-indications to splenectomy. Br J Haematol 1995; 91:208-11
29. Reid MM. Splenectomy, sepsis, immunisation and guidelines. Lancet 1994; 344: 970-1
30. McMullin M, Johnston G. Long term management of patients after splenectomy. BMJ 1993; 307: 1372-3
31. Makris M, Greaves M, Winfield DA, et al. Lifelong penicillin unproved in trials. BMJ 1994; 308: 131-2
32. Schattner E, Bussel J. Mortality in immune thrombocytopenic purpura: report of seven cases and consideration of prognostic indicators. Am J Hematol 1994; 46: 120-6
33. Cortelazzo S, Finazzi G, Buelli M, et al. High risk of severe bleeding in aged patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 1991; 77: 31-3
34. Linares M, Cervero A, Colomina P, et al. Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in the elderly. Acta Haematol 1995; 93: 80-2
35. Quiquandon I, Fenaux P, Caulier MT, et al. Re-evaluation of the role of azathioprine in the treatment of adult chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a report of 53 cases. Br J Haematol 1990; 74: 223-8
36. Srichaikul T, Boonpucknavig S, Archararit N, et al. Chronic immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura. Results of cyclophosphamide therapy before splenectomy. Arch Intern Med 1980; 140: 636-8
37. Ahn YS, Harrington WJ, Simon SR, et al. Danazol for the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 1983; 308: 1396-9
38. McVerry BA, Auger M, Bellingham AJ. The use of Danazol in the management of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Br J Haematol 1985; 61: 145-8
39. Facon T, Caulier MT, Wattel E, et al. A randomised trial comparing vinblastine in slow infusion and by bolus i.v. injection in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a report on 42 patients. Br J Haematol 1994; 86: 678-80
40. Godeau B, Lesage S, Divine M, et al. Treatment of adult chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura with repeated high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Blood 1993; 82: 1415-21
41. Schiavotto C, Ruggeri M, Rodeghiero F. Failure of repeated courses of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin to induce stable remission in patients with chronic idiopathic thromhocytopenic purpura. Ann Hematol 1995; 70: 89-90
42. Jubelirer SJ. Pilot study of ascorbic acid for the treatment of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol 1993; 43: 44-6
43. Andersen JC. Response of resistant idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura to pulsed high-dose dexamethasone therapy. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1560-4
44. Godeau B, Zini J-M, Schaeffer A, et al. High-dose methylprednisone is an alternative treatment for adults with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura refractory to intravenous immunoglobulins and oral corticosteroids. Am J Hematol 1995; 48: 282-4
45. Caulier MT, Rose C, Roussel MT, et al. Pulsed high-dose dexamethasone in refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a report on 10 cases. Br J Haematol 1995; 91: 477-9
46. Figueroa M, Gehlsen J, Hammond D, et al. Combination chemotherapy in refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1226-9
47. Reiner A, Gernsheimer T, Slichter SJ. Pulse cyclophosphamide therapy for refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 1995; 85: 351-8
48. Reid DM, Shulman NR. Pulse cyclophosphamide to treat idiopathic thromhocytopenic purpura. Blood 1995; 86: 415
49. Schultz KR, Strahlendorf C. Cyclosporin A therapy of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in children. Blood 1995; 85: 1406-8
50. Godeau B, Oksenhendler E, Bierling P. Dapsone for autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol 1993, 44: 70-2
51. Kumakura S, Ishikura H, Tsumura H, et al. A favorable effect of long-term α-interferon therapy in refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Br J Haematol 1993; 85: 805-7
52. Strother SV, Zuckerman KS, LoBuglio AF. Colchicine therapy for refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Arch Intern Med 1984; 144:2198-200
53. Belak M, Widder RA, Brunner R, et al. Immunoadsorption with protein A sepharose or silica. Lancet 1994; 343: 792-3
54. Ericson SG, Coleman KD, Wardwell K, et al. Monoclonal antibody 197 (anti-FcγRI) in a patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) results in down-modulation of FcγRI on circulating monocytes. Br J Haematol 1996; 92: 718-24
55. Carr JM, Kruskall MS, Kaye JA, et al. Efficacy of platelet transfusions in immune thrombocytopenia. Am J Med 1986; 80: 1051-4
56. Baumann MA, Menitove JE, Aster RH, et al. Urgent treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with single-dose gammaglobulin infusion followed by platelet transfusion. Ann Intern Med 1986; 104: 808-9
57. Bussel JB, Phum LC. Intravenous treatment with gammaglobulin in adults with immune thrombocytopenic purpura: review of the literature. Vox Sang 1987; 52: 206-11
58. Sullivan CA, Martin JN. Management of the obstetric patient with thrombocylopenia. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1995; 38: 521-34
59. Yamada H, Fujimoto S, Perinatal management of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy: risk factors for passive immune thrombocytopenia. Ann Hematol 1994; 68: 39-42
60. McCrae KR, Samuels P, Schreiber AD. Pregnancy-associated thrombocylopenia: pathogenesis and management. Blood 1992; 80: 2697-714
61. Sharon R, Tatarsky I. Low fetal morbidity in pregnancy associated with acute and chronic idiopathic thrombocy topenic purpura. Am J Hematol 1994; 46: 87-90
62. Cook RL, Miller RC, Katz VL, et al. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy: A reappraisal of management, Obstet Gynecol 1991; 78: 578-83
63. Burrows RF, Kelton JG, Fetal thrombocytopenia and its relationship to maternal thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1463-6
64. Christiaens GCML, Helmerhost FM. Validity of intrapartum diagnosis of fetal thrombocytopenia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157: 864-5
65. Karpatkin M, Forges RF, Karpatkin S. Platelet counts in infants of women with autoimmune thrombocytopenia: effect of steroid administration to the mother. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 936-9
66. Kaplan C, Daffos F, Forestier F, et al. Fetal platelet counts in thrombocytopenic pregnancy. Lancet 1990; 336: 979-82
67. Christiaens GCML, Nieuwenhuis HK, VonDemBorne AEGK, et al. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy: a randomized trial on the effect of antenatal low dose corticosteroids on neonatal platelet count. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990; 97: 893-8
68. Blanchette VS, Kirby MA, Turner C. Role of intravenous immunoglobulin G in autoimmune hematologic disorders. Semin Hematol 1992; 29 Suppl. 2: 72-82
69. Amorosi EL, Ultmann JE. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: report of 16 cases and review of the literature. Medicine 1966; 45: 139-59
70. Ridolfi RL, Bell WR. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: report of 25 cases and review of the literature. Medicine 1981; 60: 413-28
71. Rock GA, Shumak KH, Buskard NA. Comparison of plasma exchange with plasma infusion in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 393-7
72. Bell WR, Braine HG, Ness PM, et al. Improved survival in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - hemolytic uremic syndrome: clinical experience in 108 patients. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 398-403
73. Moake JL, Turner NA, Stathopoulos NA, et al. Involvement of large plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers and unusually large vWF forms derived from endothelial cells in shear stress-induced platelet aggregation. J Clin Invest 1986; 78: 1456-61
74. Lau DH, Wun T. Early manifestation of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Med 1993; 95: 544-5
75. Hayward CPM, Sutton DMC, Carter WH, et al. Treatment outcomes in patients with adult thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - hemolytic uremic syndrome. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 982-7
76. Novitzky N, Jacobs P, Rosenstrauch W. The treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: plasma infusion or exchange? Br J Haematol 1994; 87: 317-20
77. Obrador GT, Zeigler ZR, Shadduck RK, et al. Effectiveness of cryosupernatant therapy in refractory and chronic relapsing thrombolic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol 1993; 42: 217-20
78. Byrnes JJ, Moake JL, Klug P, et al. Effectiveness of the cryosupernatant fraction of plasma in the treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Med 1990; 34: 169-74
79. Moake JL, Chintagumpala M, Turner N, et al. Solvent/ detergent-treated plasma suppresses shear-induced platelet aggregation and prevents episodes of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 1994; 84: 490-7
80. Levin M, Grunwald HW. Use of vincristine in refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Acta Haematol 1991; 85: 37-40
81. Bobbio-Pullavicini E, Porta C, Centurioni R, et al. Vincristine sulfate for the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Eur J Haematol 1994; 52: 222-6
82. Durand JM, Lefevre P, Kaplanski G, et al. Vincristine for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Lancet 1992; 340: 977-8
83. O'Connor NTJ, Bruce-Jones P, Hill LF. Vincristine therapy for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Med 1992; 39: 234-6
84. O'Connor NTJ, O'Shea MJ, Hill LF. Vincristine for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Lancet 1992; 340: 490
85. Patton JF, Manning KR, Case D. et al. Serum lactate dehydrogenase and platelet count predict survival in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol 1994; 47: 94-9
86. Pereira A, Mazzara R, Monteagudo J, et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome: a multivariate analysis of factors predicting response to plasma exchange. Ann Hematol 1995; 70: 319-23
87. Revell PR, Slater NGP. Antiplatelet therapy in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Lancet 1992; 340: 851-2
88. del Zoppo GJ. Antiplatelet therapy in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Semin Hematol 1987; 24: 130-9
89. Rosove MH, Winston GH, Goldfinger D. Ineffectiveness of aspirin and dipyridamole in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann Intern Med 1982; 96: 27-33
90. Gordon LI, Kwaan HC, Rossi EC. Deleterious effects of platelet transfusions and recovery thrombocytosis in patients with thrombotic microangiopathy. Semin Hematol 1987; 24: 194-201
91. Veltman GAM, Brand A, Leeksma OC, et al. The role of splenectomy in the treatment of relapsing thrombotic thrombocy-topenic purpura. Ann Hematol 1995; 70: 231-6
92. Onundarson PT, Rowe JM, Heal JM, et al. Response to plasma exchange and splenectomy in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152: 791-6
93. Finn NG, Wang JC, Hong KJ. High-dose intravenous γ-immunoglobulin infusion in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Arch Intern Med 1987; 147: 2165-7
94. Heyman MR, Sweet T. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with high-dose intravenous gamma globulin. South Med J 1990; 83: 1471-4
95. Durand JM, Lefevre P, Kaplinski G, et al. Ineffectiveness of high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin infusion in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol 1993; 42: 234
96. Durand JM, Lefevre P, Kaplanski G, et al. Deleterious effects of intravenous immunoglobulin in a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol 1993; 44: 214-5
97. Kierdorf H, Maurin N, Heinz B. Cyclosporine for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 987-8
98. Bachman WR, Brennan JK. Refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with cyclosporine. Am J Hematol 1996; 51: 93-4
99. Bird JM, Cummins D, Machin SJ. Cyclophosphamide for chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Lancet 1990; 336: 565-6
100. Drew MJ. Resolution of refractory, classic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after staphylococcal protein A immunoadsorption. Transfusion 1994; 34: 536-8
101. Bobbio-Pallavicini E, Porta C, Tacconi F, et al. Intravenous prostacyclin infusion in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: four case reports and review of the literature. Haematologica 1994; 79: 429-37
102. Rock G, Shumak K, Kelton J, et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: outcome in 24 patients with renal impairment treated with plasma exchange. Transfusion 1992; 32: 710-4
103. Ben-Yehuda D, Rose M, Michaeli Y, et al. Permanent neurological complications in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol 1988; 29: 74-8
104. Shumak KH, Rock GA, Nair RC, et al. Late relapses in patients successfully treated for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122: 569-72