Prevalence and serovar distribution of Salmonella in fresh and frozen meat from captive Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus)

International Journal of Food Microbiology

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 111-118

  Madsen, Mogens ^a,b  

^a Veterinary Research Laboratory Zimbabwe   (Zimbabwe)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Crocodile; Crocodylus niloticus; Meat; Prevalence; Salmonella; Serovar

Indexed keywords

AEROMONAS; ALLIGATOR; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; COLIFORM BACTERIUM; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FREEZING; MEAT; PREVALENCE; PUBLIC HEALTH; REARING; SALMONELLA; SALMONELLA ENTERICA; SALMONELLOSIS; SKIN SURFACE; ZIMBABWE;

AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA; ALLIGATOR; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CROCODYLIDAE (ALL CROCODILES); CROCODYLUS NILOTICUS; SALMONELLA; SALMONELLA ENTERICA;

EID: 0029942750     PISSN: 01681605     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0168-1605(95)00020-8     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Anon (1993) Annual Report of the Executive Director, Crocodile Farmers Association of Zimbabwe.
2. Anon (1979) Alligator as human food. Aquanotes. Office of Sea Grant Development. Louisiana State University. Vol. 8, Issue 4, p. 4.
3. Chambers, P. (1991) Code of practice and model abattoir for crocodile slaughter in Zimbabwe. Dept. Vet. Services (Meat Hygiene), Bulawayo.
4. Chiodini, R.J. and Sundberg, J.P. (1981) Salmonellosis in reptiles: A review. Am. J. Epidemiol. 113, 494-499.
5. Habermalz, D. and Pietzsch, O. (1973) Der Nachweis von Arizona-Bakterien, zugleich ein Beitrag zum Problem der Salmonella-Infektionen bei Reptilien und Amphibien in Zoologischen Gärten. Zbl. Bakt. Hyg., I. Abt Orig. A 225, 323-342.
6. Harvey, R.W.S. and Price, T.H. (1983) Salmonella isolation from reptilian faeces: A discussion of appropriate cultural techniques. J. Hyg. (Camb.) 91, 25-32.
7. Joanen, T. and McNease, L. (1987) The management of alligators in Louisiana, U.S.A. In: G.J.W. Webb, S.C. Manolis and P.J. Whitehead (editors), Wildlife Management: Crocodiles and Alligators. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Sydney, pp. 33-42.
8. Kauffmann, F. (1975) Classification of Bacteria. A Realistic Scheme with Special Reference to the Classification of Salmonella- and Escherichia-species, Munksgaard, Copenhagen.
9. Koopman, J.P. and Janssen, F.G.J. (1973) The occurrence of salmonellas and lactose-negative Arizonas in reptiles in the Netherlands, and a comparison of three enrichment methods used in their isolation. J. Hyg. (Camb.) 71, 363-371.
10. Lee, J.V. and Donovan, T.J. (1985) Vibrio, Aeromonas and Plesiomonas. In: C.H. Collins and J.M. Grange (editors), Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms of Medical and Veterinary Importance. Technical Series 21, 13-34.
11. Le Minor, L. (1984) Salmonella. In: N.R. Krieg and J.G. Holt (editors), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Vol. 1. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 427-458.
12. Madsen, M. (1993) The microbial flora of frozen crocodile tail meat. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 18, 71-76.
13. Madsen, M. (1994) Enumeration of salmonellae in crocodile pond water by direct plate counts and by the MPN technique. Wat. Res. 28, 2035-2037.
14. Madsen, M. and Chambers, P. (1991) Bacterial contamination of public health significance in farmed crocodile meat production. Ann. Congr. Zimbabwe Vet. Assoc., Bulawayo.
15. Madsen, M., Milne, J.A.C. and Chambers, P. (1992) Critical control points in the slaughter and dressing of farmed crocodiles. J. Food Sci. Technol. 29, 265-267.
16. Manolis, S.C., Webb, G.J.W., Finch, D., Melville, L. and Hollis, G. (1991) Salmonella in captive crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni and C. porosus). Aust. Vet. J. 68, 102-105.
17. Minette, H.P. (1984) Epidemiologic aspects of salmonellosis in reptiles, amphibians, mollusks, and crustaceans - a review. Int. J. Zoon. 95, 95-104.
18. Oblinger, J.L., Kennedy, J.E., McDonald, E.D. and West, R.L. (1981) Microbiological analysis of alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) meat. J. Food Protect. 44, 98-99.
19. Obwolo, M.J. and Zwart, P. (1993) Prevalence of Salmonella in the intestinal tracts of farm-reared crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zimbabwe. J. Zoo. Wildl. Med. 24, 175-176.
20. Palmer, D.E. (1989) Public health aspects of crocodile meat production. Proc. Intensive Trop. Anim. Prod. Seminar, Queensville, Australia, pp. 98-99.
21. Reese, A.M. (1917) Reptiles as food. Sci. Monthly 35, 545-550.
22. Selbitz, H.-J. (1989) Die Epizootiologie der Salmonellosen bei Wild- und Zootieren. Z. Gesamte Hyg. 35, 655-657.
23. Shotts, E.B., Gaines, J.L., Martin, L. and Prestwood, A.K. (1972) Aeromonas - induced deaths among fish and reptiles in an eutrophic inland lake. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 161, 603-607.
24. Weiss, S.H., Blaser, M.J., Paleologo, F.P., Black, R.E., McWhorter, A.C., Asbury, M.A., Carter, G.P., Feldman, R.A. and Brenner, D.J. (1986) Occurrence and distribution of serotypes of the Arizona subgroup of Salmonella strains in the United States from 1967 to 1976.
25. Zwart, P., Poelma, F.G. and Strik, W.J. (1970) The distribution of various types of salmonellae and arizonas in reptiles. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. A 213, 201-212.