Alterations in cortical thickness and neuronal density in the frontal cortex of Albert Einstein

Neuroscience Letters

Volumn 210, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 161-164

  Anderson, Britt ^a,b   Harvey, Thomas ^c  

^a University of Alabama at Birmingham   (United States)

^b BIRMINGHAM VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

Brain; Cerebral cortex; Einstein; Intelligence; Neurons

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; CELL COUNT; CONTROLLED STUDY; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INTELLIGENCE; MALE; NERVE CELL; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0029941946     PISSN: 03043940     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12693-8     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Anderson, B., G explained, Med. Hypotheses, 45 (1995) 602-604.
2. Andreasen, N.C., Flaum, M., Swayze, II, V., O'Leary, D.S., Alliger. R., Cohen, G., Ehrhardt, J. and Yuh, W.T.C., Intelligence and brain structure in normal individuals, Am. J. Psychol., 150 (1993) 130-134.
3. Ankney, C.D., Sex differences in relative brain size: the mismeasure of women, too? Intelligence, 16 (1992) 329-336.
4. Berker, E.A., Berker, A.H. and Smith, A., Translation of Broca's 1865 report, Arch. Neurol., 43 (1986) 1065-1072.
5. Diamond, M.C., Scheibel, A.B., Murphy, G.M. and Harvey, T., On the brain of a scientist: Albert Einstein, Exp. Neurol., 88 (1985) 198-204.
6. Donaldson, H.H., A study of the brains of three scholars: Granville Stanley Hall, Sir William Osler, Edward Sylvester Morse, J. Comp. Neurol., 46 (1928) 1-95.
7. Gould, S.J., The Mismeasure of Man, Norton, New York, 1981, 352 pp.
8. Gundersen, H.J.G., Bendtsen, T.E., Korbo, L., Marcussen, N., Møller, A., Nielsen, K., Nyengaard, JR, Pakkenberg, B., Sørensen, F.B., Vesterby, A. and West, M.J., Some new, simple and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis, APMIS, 96 (1988) 379-394.
9. Hansemann, D., Ueber das gehirn von Hermann v. Helmholtz, Zeit. Pyschol. Physiol., 8 (1899) 1-12.
10. Harvey, I., Persaud, R., Ron, M.A., Baker, G. and Murray, R.M., Volumetric MRI measurements in bipolars compared with schizophrenics and healthy controls, Psychol. Med., 24 (1994) 689-699.
11. Ho, K.-c., Roessmann, U., Straumfjord, J.V. and Monroe, G., Analysis of brain weight, I: adult brain weight in relation to sex, race, and age, Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med., 104 (1980) 635-639.
12. Mayhew, T.M., A review of recent advances in stereology for quantifying neural structure, J. Neurocytol., 21 (1992) 313-328.
13. Pakkenberg, B., Total nerve cell number in neocortex in chronic schizophrenics and controls estimated using optical dissectors, Biol. Psychol., 34 (1994) 768-772.
14. Pakkenberg, H. and Voight, J., Brain weight of the Danes, Acta Anat., 56 (1964) 297-307.
15. Raz, N., Torres, I.J., Spencer, W.D., Millman, D., Baertschi, J.C. and Sarpel, G., Neuroanatomical correlates of age-sensitive and age invariant cognitive abilities: an in vivo MRI investigation, Intelligence, 17 (1993) 407-422.
16. Riese, W., Brains of prominent people: history, facts and significance, MCVQ, 2 (1966) 106-110.
17. Ringo, J.L., Neuronal Interconnection as a function of brain size (review), Brain Behav. Evol., 38 (1991) 1-6.
18. Ringo, J.L., Doty, R.W., Demeter, S. and Simard, P.Y., Time is of the essence: a conjecture that hemispheric specialization arises from interhemispheric conduction delay, Cereb. Cortex, 4 (1994) 331-343.
19. Rodin, A.E. and Key, J.D., Osler's brain and related mental matters, South. Med. J., 83 (1990) 207-212.
20. Royet, J., Stereology: a method for analyzing images, Prog. Neurobiol., 37 (1991) 433-474.
21. Spitzka, E.A., A study of the brains of six eminent scientists and scholars belonging to the American Anthropometric Society, together with a description of the skull of Professor E.D. Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 21 (1907) 175-308.
22. Strauss, E., Wada, J. and Hunter, M., Callosal morphology and performance on intelligence tests, J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol., 16 (1994) 79-83.
23. Vernon, P.A., Biological Approaches to the Study of Human Intelligence, Ablex, Norwood, 1993, 416 pp.
24. Wickett, J.C., Vernon, P.A. and Lee, D.H., In vivo brain size, head perimeter, and intelligence in a sample of healthy adult females, Pers. Indiv. Diff., 16 (1994) 831-838.
25. Willerman, L., Schultz, R., Rutledge, J.N. and Bigler, E.D., In vivo brain size and intelligence, Intelligence, 15 (1991) 223-228.
26. Willerman, L., Schultz, R., Rutledge, J.N. and Bigler, E.D., Hemisphere size asymmetry predicts relative verbal and nonverbal intelligence differently in the sexes: an MRI study of structure-function relations, Intelligence, 16 (1992) 315-328.
27. Witelson, S.F., Glezer, I.I. and Kigar, D.L., Women have greater density of neurons in posterior temporal cortex, J. Neurosci., 15 (1995) 3418-3428.