메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 1-17

Electrical stimulation of neural tissue to evoke behavioral responses

Author keywords

Cerebral cortex; Current density; Current distance estimate; Electrical stimulation; Motor behavior; Neuronal packing density; Tissue damage

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; BRAIN CORTEX; ELECTROSTIMULATION; LOCOMOTION; NERVE CELL EXCITABILITY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0029939403     PISSN: 01650270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0165-0270(95)00131-X     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (386)

References (149)
  • 1
    • 0016216790 scopus 로고
    • Cervical branching of lumbar vestibulospinal axons
    • Lond.
    • Abzug, C., Maeda, M., Peterson, B.W. and Wilson, V.J. (1974) Cervical branching of lumbar vestibulospinal axons. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 243: 499-522.
    • (1974) J. Physiol. , vol.243 , pp. 499-522
    • Abzug, C.1    Maeda, M.2    Peterson, B.W.3    Wilson, V.J.4
  • 2
    • 48049097355 scopus 로고
    • The recovery process of excitable tissue
    • Lond.
    • Adrian, E.D. (1921) The recovery process of excitable tissue. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 55: 193-225.
    • (1921) J. Physiol. , vol.55 , pp. 193-225
    • Adrian, E.D.1
  • 3
    • 0020702060 scopus 로고
    • Morphologic changes after prolonged electrical stimulation of the cat's cortex at defined charge densities
    • Agnew, W.F., Yuen, T.G.H. and McCreery, D.B. (1983) Morphologic changes after prolonged electrical stimulation of the cat's cortex at defined charge densities. Exp. Neurol., 79: 397-411.
    • (1983) Exp. Neurol. , vol.79 , pp. 397-411
    • Agnew, W.F.1    Yuen, T.G.H.2    McCreery, D.B.3
  • 4
    • 0022590563 scopus 로고
    • Hislopathologic evaluation of prolonged intracortical electrical stimulation
    • Agnew, W.F., Yuen, T.G.H., McCreery, D.B. and Bullara, L.A. (1986) Hislopathologic evaluation of prolonged intracortical electrical stimulation. Exp. Neurol., 92: 162-185.
    • (1986) Exp. Neurol. , vol.92 , pp. 162-185
    • Agnew, W.F.1    Yuen, T.G.H.2    McCreery, D.B.3    Bullara, L.A.4
  • 5
    • 0015901859 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological analysis of the vestibulospinal reflex pathway of rabbit. I. Classification of tract cells
    • Akaike, T., Fanardjian, V.V., Ito, M., Kumada, M. and Nakajima, H. (1973) Electrophysiological analysis of the vestibulospinal reflex pathway of rabbit. I. Classification of tract cells (Appendix), Exp. Brain Res., 17: 477-496.
    • (1973) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.17 , pp. 477-496
    • Akaike, T.1    Fanardjian, V.V.2    Ito, M.3    Kumada, M.4    Nakajima, H.5
  • 6
    • 0025280675 scopus 로고
    • Preparation for movement: Neural representations of intended direction in three motor areas of the monkey
    • Alexander, G.E. and Crutcher, M.D. (1990) Preparation for movement: neural representations of intended direction in three motor areas of the monkey. J. Neurophysiol., 64: 133-150.
    • (1990) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.64 , pp. 133-150
    • Alexander, G.E.1    Crutcher, M.D.2
  • 7
    • 0016433382 scopus 로고
    • Mapping by microstimulation of overlapping projections from area 4 to motor units of the baboon's hand
    • Andersen, P., Hagan, P.J., Phillips, C.G. and Powell, T.P.S. (1975) Mapping by microstimulation of overlapping projections from area 4 to motor units of the baboon's hand. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B., 188: 31-60.
    • (1975) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. , vol.188 , pp. 31-60
    • Andersen, P.1    Hagan, P.J.2    Phillips, C.G.3    Powell, T.P.S.4
  • 8
    • 0002873920 scopus 로고
    • Microstimulation techniques
    • M.M. Patterson and R.P. Kesner (Eds.), Academic Press, New York
    • Asanuma, H. (1981) Microstimulation techniques. In: M.M. Patterson and R.P. Kesner (Eds.), Electrical Stimulation Research Techniques, Academic Press, New York, pp. 61-70.
    • (1981) Electrical Stimulation Research Techniques , pp. 61-70
    • Asanuma, H.1
  • 9
    • 0016758295 scopus 로고
    • Noxious effects of excessive currents used for intracortical microstimulation
    • Asanuma, H. and Arnold, A.P. (1975) Noxious effects of excessive currents used for intracortical microstimulation. Brain Res., 96: 103-107.
    • (1975) Brain Res. , vol.96 , pp. 103-107
    • Asanuma, H.1    Arnold, A.P.2
  • 10
    • 0015273752 scopus 로고
    • Topographic organization of cortical efferent zones projecting to distal forelimb muscles in the monkey
    • Asanuma, H. and Rosen, I. (1972) Topographic organization of cortical efferent zones projecting to distal forelimb muscles in the monkey. Exp. Brain Res., 14: 243-256.
    • (1972) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.14 , pp. 243-256
    • Asanuma, H.1    Rosen, I.2
  • 11
    • 0015929690 scopus 로고
    • Spread of mono- and polysynaptic connections within cat's motor cortex
    • Asanuma, H. and Rosen, I. (1973) Spread of mono- and polysynaptic connections within cat's motor cortex. Exp. Brain Res., 16: 507-520.
    • (1973) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.16 , pp. 507-520
    • Asanuma, H.1    Rosen, I.2
  • 12
    • 0002278665 scopus 로고
    • Functional organization of a cortical efferent system examined with focal depth stimulation in cats
    • Asanuma, H. and Sakata, H. (1967) Functional organization of a cortical efferent system examined with focal depth stimulation in cats. J. Neurophysiol., 30: 35-54.
    • (1967) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.30 , pp. 35-54
    • Asanuma, H.1    Sakata, H.2
  • 13
    • 0015231974 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of contractions of distal forelimb muscles produced by intracortical stimulation in cats
    • Asanuma, H. and Ward, J.E. (1971) Patterns of contractions of distal forelimb muscles produced by intracortical stimulation in cats. Brain Res., 27: 97-109.
    • (1971) Brain Res. , vol.27 , pp. 97-109
    • Asanuma, H.1    Ward, J.E.2
  • 14
    • 0017088450 scopus 로고
    • Further study on the excitation of pyramidal tract cells by intracortical microstimulation
    • Asanuma, H., Arnold, A. and Zarzecki, P. (1976) Further study on the excitation of pyramidal tract cells by intracortical microstimulation. Exp. Brain Res., 26: 443-461.
    • (1976) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.26 , pp. 443-461
    • Asanuma, H.1    Arnold, A.2    Zarzecki, P.3
  • 15
    • 0017138782 scopus 로고
    • Ipsiversive rotation elicited by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalon: An analysis of intracranial electrical stimulation parameters and refractory periods
    • Atrens, D.M. and Cobbin, D.M. (1976) Ipsiversive rotation elicited by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalon: an analysis of intracranial electrical stimulation parameters and refractory periods. Exp. Neurol., 53: 314-327.
    • (1976) Exp. Neurol. , vol.53 , pp. 314-327
    • Atrens, D.M.1    Cobbin, D.M.2
  • 16
    • 0017087567 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of current spread from microelectrodes when stimulating within the nervous system
    • Bagshaw, E.V. and Evans, M.H. (1976) Measurement of current spread from microelectrodes when stimulating within the nervous system. Exp. Brain Res., 25: 391-400.
    • (1976) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.25 , pp. 391-400
    • Bagshaw, E.V.1    Evans, M.H.2
  • 17
    • 0017362087 scopus 로고
    • Deleterious effects of prolonged electrical excitation of striate cortex in macaques
    • Bartlett, J.R., Doty, R.W., Lee, B.B., Negrao, N. and Overman, W.H. (1977) Deleterious effects of prolonged electrical excitation of striate cortex in macaques. Brain Behav. Evol., 14: 46-66.
    • (1977) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 46-66
    • Bartlett, J.R.1    Doty, R.W.2    Lee, B.B.3    Negrao, N.4    Overman, W.H.5
  • 18
    • 0014532413 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative study of electrical stimulation of central myelinated fibres
    • BeMent, S.L. and Ranck, J.B. Jr. (1969a) A quantitative study of electrical stimulation of central myelinated fibres. Exp. Brain Res., 24: 147-170.
    • (1969) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.24 , pp. 147-170
    • BeMent, S.L.1    Ranck J.B., Jr.2
  • 19
    • 0014525853 scopus 로고
    • A model for electrical stimulation of central myelinated fibers with monopolar electrodes
    • BeMent, S.L. and Ranck, J.B. Jr. (1969b) A model for electrical stimulation of central myelinated fibers with monopolar electrodes. Exp. Brain Res., 24: 171-186.
    • (1969) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.24 , pp. 171-186
    • BeMent, S.L.1    Ranck J.B., Jr.2
  • 20
    • 0017347891 scopus 로고
    • Cortical histopathology following stimulation with metallic and carbon electrodes
    • Bernstein, J.J., Johnson, P.F., Hench, L.L., Hunter, G. and Dawson, W.W. (1977) Cortical histopathology following stimulation with metallic and carbon electrodes. Brain Behav. Evol., 14: 126-157.
    • (1977) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 126-157
    • Bernstein, J.J.1    Johnson, P.F.2    Hench, L.L.3    Hunter, G.4    Dawson, W.W.5
  • 23
    • 0017755945 scopus 로고
    • Tissue reactions to long-term electrical stimulation of the cerebellum in monkeys
    • Brown, W.J., Babb, T.L., Soper, H.V., Lieb, J.P., Ottino, C.A. and Crandall, P.H. (1977) Tissue reactions to long-term electrical stimulation of the cerebellum in monkeys. J. Neurosurg., 47: 366-379.
    • (1977) J. Neurosurg. , vol.47 , pp. 366-379
    • Brown, W.J.1    Babb, T.L.2    Soper, H.V.3    Lieb, J.P.4    Ottino, C.A.5    Crandall, P.H.6
  • 24
    • 0022388708 scopus 로고
    • Primate frontal eye fields. II. Physiological and anatomical correlates of electrically evoked eye movements
    • Bruce, C.J., Goldberg, M.E., Bushnell, M.C. and Stanton, G.B. (1985) Primate frontal eye fields. II. Physiological and anatomical correlates of electrically evoked eye movements. J. Neurophysiol., 54: 714-743.
    • (1985) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.54 , pp. 714-743
    • Bruce, C.J.1    Goldberg, M.E.2    Bushnell, M.C.3    Stanton, G.B.4
  • 25
    • 0002499760 scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of the nervous system: The principle of safe charge injection with noble metals
    • Brummer, S.B. and Turner, M.J. (1975) Electrical stimulation of the nervous system: the principle of safe charge injection with noble metals. Bioelectrochem. Bioenergetics, 2: 13-25.
    • (1975) Bioelectrochem. Bioenergetics , vol.2 , pp. 13-25
    • Brummer, S.B.1    Turner, M.J.2
  • 26
    • 0017367642 scopus 로고
    • Electrical considerations for safe electrical stimulation of the nervous system with platinum electrodes
    • Brummer, S.B. and Turner, M.J. (1977a) Electrical considerations for safe electrical stimulation of the nervous system with platinum electrodes. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 24: 59-63.
    • (1977) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.24 , pp. 59-63
    • Brummer, S.B.1    Turner, M.J.2
  • 27
    • 0017620907 scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of platinum electrodes. II. Estimation of maximum surface redox (theoretical nongassing) limits
    • Brummer, S.B. and Turner, M.J. (1977b) Electrical Stimulation of platinum electrodes. II. Estimation of maximum surface redox (theoretical nongassing) limits. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 24: 440-443.
    • (1977) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.24 , pp. 440-443
    • Brummer, S.B.1    Turner, M.J.2
  • 28
    • 0017340845 scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation with pt electrodes: Trace analysis from dissolved platinum and other dissolved electrochemical produces
    • Brummer, S.B., McHardy, J. and Turner, M.J. (1977) Electrical stimulation with Pt electrodes: trace analysis from dissolved platinum and other dissolved electrochemical produces. Brain Behav. Evol., 14: 10-22.
    • (1977) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 10-22
    • Brummer, S.B.1    McHardy, J.2    Turner, M.J.3
  • 30
    • 0021967647 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in the contraversive rotational behavior evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus
    • Castaneda, E., Robinson, T.E. and Becker, J.B. (1985) Involvement of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in the contraversive rotational behavior evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. Brain Res., 327: 143-151.
    • (1985) Brain Res. , vol.327 , pp. 143-151
    • Castaneda, E.1    Robinson, T.E.2    Becker, J.B.3
  • 31
    • 0015370934 scopus 로고
    • Eye movements induced by stimulation of the pontine reticular formation: Evidence for integration in oculomotor pathways
    • Cohen, B. and Komatsuzaki, A. (1972) Eye movements induced by stimulation of the pontine reticular formation: evidence for integration in oculomotor pathways. Exp. Neurol., 36: 101-117.
    • (1972) Exp. Neurol. , vol.36 , pp. 101-117
    • Cohen, B.1    Komatsuzaki, A.2
  • 32
    • 0021970719 scopus 로고
    • Horizontal saccades induced by stimulation of the central mesencephalic reticular formation
    • Cohen, B., Matsuo, V., Fradin, J. and Raphan, T. (1985) Horizontal saccades induced by stimulation of the central mesencephalic reticular formation. Exp. Brain Res., 57: 605-616.
    • (1985) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.57 , pp. 605-616
    • Cohen, B.1    Matsuo, V.2    Fradin, J.3    Raphan, T.4
  • 33
    • 0016097858 scopus 로고
    • The choice of pulse duration for chronic electrical stimulation via surface, nerve, and intramuscular stimulation
    • Crago, P.E., Peckham, P.H., Mortimer, J.T. and van der Meulen, J.P. (1974) The choice of pulse duration for chronic electrical stimulation via surface, nerve, and intramuscular stimulation. Ann. Biomed. Eng., 2: 252-264.
    • (1974) Ann. Biomed. Eng. , vol.2 , pp. 252-264
    • Crago, P.E.1    Peckham, P.H.2    Mortimer, J.T.3    Van Der Meulen, J.P.4
  • 34
    • 0343108078 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral measurement of the neural refractory period and its application to intracranial self-stimulation
    • Deutsch, J.A. (1964) Behavioral measurement of the neural refractory period and its application to intracranial self-stimulation. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 58: 1-9.
    • (1964) J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. , vol.58 , pp. 1-9
    • Deutsch, J.A.1
  • 35
    • 0020422484 scopus 로고
    • The motor cortex of the rat: Cytoarchitecture and microstimulation mapping
    • Donoghue, J.P. and Wise, S.P. (1982) The motor cortex of the rat: cytoarchitecture and microstimulation mapping. J. Comp. Neurol., 212: 76-88.
    • (1982) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.212 , pp. 76-88
    • Donoghue, J.P.1    Wise, S.P.2
  • 36
    • 0022893774 scopus 로고
    • The role of the predorsal bundle in head and body movements elicited by electrical stimulation of the superior colliculus in the Mongolian gerbil
    • Ellard, C.G. and Goodale, M.A. (1986) The role of the predorsal bundle in head and body movements elicited by electrical stimulation of the superior colliculus in the Mongolian gerbil. Exp. Brain Res., 64: 421-433.
    • (1986) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.64 , pp. 421-433
    • Ellard, C.G.1    Goodale, M.A.2
  • 38
    • 0021742128 scopus 로고
    • Current-distance relation for rewarding brain stimulation
    • Fouriezos, G. and Wise, R.A. (1984) Current-distance relation for rewarding brain stimulation. Behav. Brain Res., 14: 85-89.
    • (1984) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.14 , pp. 85-89
    • Fouriezos, G.1    Wise, R.A.2
  • 39
    • 0024574176 scopus 로고
    • Mnemonic coding of visual space in the monkey's dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
    • Funahashi, S., Bruce, C.J. and Goldman-Rakic, P. (1989) Mnemonic coding of visual space in the monkey's dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol., 61: 331-349.
    • (1989) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.61 , pp. 331-349
    • Funahashi, S.1    Bruce, C.J.2    Goldman-Rakic, P.3
  • 40
    • 0022641408 scopus 로고
    • The effect of attentive fixation on eye movements evoked by electrical stimulation of the frontal eye fields
    • Goldberg, M.E., Bushnell, M.C. and Bruce, C.J. (1986) The effect of attentive fixation on eye movements evoked by electrical stimulation of the frontal eye fields. Exp. Brain Res., 61: 579-584.
    • (1986) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.61 , pp. 579-584
    • Goldberg, M.E.1    Bushnell, M.C.2    Bruce, C.J.3
  • 41
    • 0027470197 scopus 로고
    • Smooth eye movements elicited by microstimulation in the primate frontal eye field
    • Gottlieb, J.P., Bruce, C.J. and MacAvoy, M.G. (1993) Smooth eye movements elicited by microstimulation in the primate frontal eye field. J. Neurophysiol., 69: 786-799.
    • (1993) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.69 , pp. 786-799
    • Gottlieb, J.P.1    Bruce, C.J.2    MacAvoy, M.G.3
  • 42
    • 0022547486 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of corpus callosum connections to electrical stimulation maps of motor, supplementary motor, and the frontal eye fields in owl monkeys
    • Gould, H.J., Cusick, C.G., Pons, T.P. and Kaas, J.H. (1986) The relationship of corpus callosum connections to electrical stimulation maps of motor, supplementary motor, and the frontal eye fields in owl monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol., 247: 297-325.
    • (1986) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.247 , pp. 297-325
    • Gould, H.J.1    Cusick, C.G.2    Pons, T.P.3    Kaas, J.H.4
  • 43
    • 0018893333 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of the superior colliculus in the alert cat
    • Guitton, D., Crommelinck, M. and Roucoux, A. (1980) Stimulation of the superior colliculus in the alert cat. Exp. Brain Res., 39: 63-73.
    • (1980) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.39 , pp. 63-73
    • Guitton, D.1    Crommelinck, M.2    Roucoux, A.3
  • 44
    • 0018174362 scopus 로고
    • Frontal oculomotor area in alert cat. I. Eye movements and neck activity evoked by stimulation
    • Guitton, D. and Mandl, G. (1978) Frontal oculomotor area in alert cat. I. Eye movements and neck activity evoked by stimulation. Brain Res., 149: 295-312.
    • (1978) Brain Res. , vol.149 , pp. 295-312
    • Guitton, D.1    Mandl, G.2
  • 45
    • 0017136590 scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect activation of nerve cells by electrical pulses applied extracellularly
    • Lond.
    • Gustaffson, B. and Jankowska, E. (1976) Direct and indirect activation of nerve cells by electrical pulses applied extracellularly. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 258: 33-61.
    • (1976) J. Physiol. , vol.258 , pp. 33-61
    • Gustaffson, B.1    Jankowska, E.2
  • 46
    • 0018908744 scopus 로고
    • The superior colliculus and movements of the head and eyes in cats
    • Lond.
    • Harris, L.R. (1980) The superior colliculus and movements of the head and eyes in cats. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 300: 367-391.
    • (1980) J. Physiol. , vol.300 , pp. 367-391
    • Harris, L.R.1
  • 47
    • 0021252203 scopus 로고
    • Relations among threshold, spike height, electrode distance, and conduction velocity in electrical stimulation of certain medullospinal neurons
    • Hentall, I.D., Zorman, G., Kansky, S. and Fields, H.L. (1984a) Relations among threshold, spike height, electrode distance, and conduction velocity in electrical stimulation of certain medullospinal neurons. J. Neurophysiol., 51: 968-977.
    • (1984) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.51 , pp. 968-977
    • Hentall, I.D.1    Zorman, G.2    Kansky, S.3    Fields, H.L.4
  • 48
    • 0021288085 scopus 로고
    • An estimate of minimum number of brainstem neurons required for inhibition of a flexion reflex
    • Hentall, I.D., Zorman, G., Kansky, S. and Fields, H.L. (1984b) An estimate of minimum number of brainstem neurons required for inhibition of a flexion reflex. J. Neurophysiol., 51: 978-985.
    • (1984) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.51 , pp. 978-985
    • Hentall, I.D.1    Zorman, G.2    Kansky, S.3    Fields, H.L.4
  • 50
    • 0242567679 scopus 로고
    • Tungsten microelectrodes for recording from single units
    • Hubel, D.H. (1957) Tungsten microelectrodes for recording from single units. Science, 125: 549-550.
    • (1957) Science , vol.125 , pp. 549-550
    • Hubel, D.H.1
  • 51
    • 0025216353 scopus 로고
    • Supplementary eye field as defined by intracortical microstimulation: Connections in macaques
    • Huerta, M.F. and Kaas, J.H. (1990) Supplementary eye field as defined by intracortical microstimulation: connections in macaques. J. Comp. Neurol., 293: 299-330.
    • (1990) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.293 , pp. 299-330
    • Huerta, M.F.1    Kaas, J.H.2
  • 52
    • 0022980125 scopus 로고
    • Frontal eye field as defined by intracortical microstimulation in squirrel monkeys, owl monkeys, and macaque monkeys: I. Subcortical connections
    • Huerta, M.F., Krubitzer, L.A. and Kaas, J.H. (1986) Frontal eye field as defined by intracortical microstimulation in squirrel monkeys, owl monkeys, and macaque monkeys: I. Subcortical connections. J. Comp. Neurol., 253: 415-439.
    • (1986) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.253 , pp. 415-439
    • Huerta, M.F.1    Krubitzer, L.A.2    Kaas, J.H.3
  • 53
    • 0015336102 scopus 로고
    • An electrophysiological demonstration of the axonal projections of single spinal intemeurons in the cat
    • Lond.
    • Jankowska, E. and Roberts, W.J. (1972) An electrophysiological demonstration of the axonal projections of single spinal intemeurons in the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 222: 597-622.
    • (1972) J. Physiol. , vol.222 , pp. 597-622
    • Jankowska, E.1    Roberts, W.J.2
  • 54
    • 0016736383 scopus 로고
    • The mode of activation of pyramidal tract cells by intracortical stimuli
    • Lond.
    • Jankowska, E., Padel, Y. and Tanaka, R. (1975) The mode of activation of pyramidal tract cells by intracortical stimuli. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 249: 617-636.
    • (1975) J. Physiol. , vol.249 , pp. 617-636
    • Jankowska, E.1    Padel, Y.2    Tanaka, R.3
  • 55
    • 84939692967 scopus 로고
    • An in vitro analysis of metal electrodes for use in the neural environment
    • Johnson, P.F, and Hench, L.L. (1977) An in vitro analysis of metal electrodes for use in the neural environment. Brain Behav. Evol., 14: 23-45.
    • (1977) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 23-45
    • Johnson, P.F.1    Hench, L.L.2
  • 56
    • 0025733121 scopus 로고
    • Eye movements elicited by electrical stimulation of area PG in the monkey
    • Kurylo, D.D. and Skavenski, A.A. (1991) Eye movements elicited by electrical stimulation of area PG in the monkey. J. Neurophysiol., 65: 1243-1253.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.65 , pp. 1243-1253
    • Kurylo, D.D.1    Skavenski, A.A.2
  • 57
    • 0001127901 scopus 로고
    • Recherches quantitatives sur l'excitation electrique des nerfs traitee comme une polarization
    • Paris
    • Lapique, L. (1905) Recherches quantitatives sur l'excitation electrique des nerfs traitee comme une polarization. J. Physiol. (Paris), 9: 622-635.
    • (1905) J. Physiol. , vol.9 , pp. 622-635
    • Lapique, L.1
  • 58
    • 0003139418 scopus 로고
    • Methods for neuronal recording in conscious animals
    • A.D. Smith (ed.), John Wiley, New York
    • Lemon, R. (1983) Methods for Neuronal Recording in Conscious Animals. In: A.D. Smith (ed.), IBRO Handbook Series: Methods in the Neurosciences, John Wiley, New York, pp. 74-75.
    • (1983) IBRO Handbook Series: Methods in the Neurosciences , pp. 74-75
    • Lemon, R.1
  • 59
    • 0000694831 scopus 로고
    • Brief non-injurious electrical wave form for stimulation of the brain
    • Lilly, J.C., Hughes, J.R., Alvard, E.C. and Guelkin, T.W. (1955) Brief non-injurious electrical wave form for stimulation of the brain. Science, 121: 478-469,
    • (1955) Science , vol.121 , pp. 478-1469
    • Lilly, J.C.1    Hughes, J.R.2    Alvard, E.C.3    Guelkin, T.W.4
  • 60
    • 0343108040 scopus 로고
    • The effect of alcohol on the excitation, conduction, and recovery process in nerve
    • Lond.
    • Lucas, K. (1913) The effect of alcohol on the excitation, conduction, and recovery process in nerve. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 46: 470-505.
    • (1913) J. Physiol. , vol.46 , pp. 470-505
    • Lucas, K.1
  • 61
    • 0025939653 scopus 로고
    • Multiple representations of body movements in mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex: An intracortical microstimulation study in the macaque monkey
    • Luppino, G., Matelli, M., Camarda, R.M., Gallese, V. and Rizzolatti, G. (1991) Multiple representations of body movements in mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex: an intracortical microstimulation study in the macaque monkey. J. Comp. Neurol., 311: 463-482.
    • (1991) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.311 , pp. 463-482
    • Luppino, G.1    Matelli, M.2    Camarda, R.M.3    Gallese, V.4    Rizzolatti, G.5
  • 62
    • 0019964748 scopus 로고
    • Microstimulation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the awake monkey
    • Macpherson, J.M., Maragoz, C., Miles, T.S. and Wiesendanger, M. (1982) Microstimulation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the awake monkey. Exp. Brain Res., 45: 410-416.
    • (1982) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.45 , pp. 410-416
    • Macpherson, J.M.1    Maragoz, C.2    Miles, T.S.3    Wiesendanger, M.4
  • 63
    • 0002269231 scopus 로고
    • An estimate of effective spread of stimulation current
    • Appendix
    • Marcus, S., Zarzecki, P. and Asanuma, H. (1979) An estimate of effective spread of stimulation current. Exp. Brain Res., (Appendix) 34: 68-72.
    • (1979) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.34 , pp. 68-72
    • Marcus, S.1    Zarzecki, P.2    Asanuma, H.3
  • 64
    • 0017799038 scopus 로고
    • Saccades induced by stimulation of the frontal eye fields: Interaction with voluntary and reflexive eye movements
    • Marrocco, R.T. (1978) Saccades induced by stimulation of the frontal eye fields: interaction with voluntary and reflexive eye movements. Brain Res., 146: 23-34.
    • (1978) Brain Res. , vol.146 , pp. 23-34
    • Marrocco, R.T.1
  • 65
    • 0017803730 scopus 로고
    • Strength-duration properties of single units driven by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in rats
    • Matthews, G. (1978) Strength-duration properties of single units driven by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in rats. Brain Res. Bull., 3: 171-174.
    • (1978) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.3 , pp. 171-174
    • Matthews, G.1
  • 66
    • 0025500717 scopus 로고
    • Charge density and charge per phase as cofactors in neural injury induced by electrical stimulation
    • McCreery, D.B., Agnew, W.F., Yuen, T.G.H. and Bullara, L. (1990) Charge density and charge per phase as cofactors in neural injury induced by electrical stimulation. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 37: 996-1001.
    • (1990) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.37 , pp. 996-1001
    • McCreery, D.B.1    Agnew, W.F.2    Yuen, T.G.H.3    Bullara, L.4
  • 67
    • 0022611152 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal activity evoked by chronically implanted intracortical microelectrodes
    • McCreery, D.B., Bullara, L.A. and Agnew, W.F. (1986) Neuronal activity evoked by chronically implanted intracortical microelectrodes. Exp. Neurol., 92: 147-161.
    • (1986) Exp. Neurol. , vol.92 , pp. 147-161
    • McCreery, D.B.1    Bullara, L.A.2    Agnew, W.F.3
  • 68
    • 0021720185 scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar vermis involvement in monkey saccadic eye movements: Microstimulation
    • McElligott, J.G. and Keller, E.L. (1984) Cerebellar vermis involvement in monkey saccadic eye movements: microstimulation. Exp. Neurol., 86: 543-558.
    • (1984) Exp. Neurol. , vol.86 , pp. 543-558
    • McElligott, J.G.1    Keller, E.L.2
  • 69
    • 0019922527 scopus 로고
    • Eye movements evoked by electrical stimulation in the superior colliculus of rats and hamsters
    • McHaffie, J.G. and Stein, B.E. (1982) Eye movements evoked by electrical stimulation in the superior colliculus of rats and hamsters. Brain Res., 247: 243-253.
    • (1982) Brain Res. , vol.247 , pp. 243-253
    • McHaffie, J.G.1    Stein, B.E.2
  • 70
    • 0020041722 scopus 로고
    • Lateral spread of neural excitation during microstimulation in intermediate gray layers of cat's superior colliculus
    • McIlwain, J.T. (1982) Lateral spread of neural excitation during microstimulation in intermediate gray layers of cat's superior colliculus. J. Neurophysiol., 47: 167-178.
    • (1982) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.47 , pp. 167-178
    • McIlwain, J.T.1
  • 71
    • 0022619579 scopus 로고
    • Effects of eye position on saccades evoked electrically from superior colliculus of alert cats
    • McIlwain, J.T. (1986) Effects of eye position on saccades evoked electrically from superior colliculus of alert cats. J. Neurophysiol., 55: 97-112.
    • (1986) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.55 , pp. 97-112
    • McIlwain, J.T.1
  • 72
    • 0024179038 scopus 로고
    • Saccadic eye movements evoked by electrical stimulation of the cat's visual cortex
    • McIlwain, J.T. (1988) Saccadic eye movements evoked by electrical stimulation of the cat's visual cortex. Vis. Neurosci., 1: 135-143.
    • (1988) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.1 , pp. 135-143
    • McIlwain, J.T.1
  • 73
    • 0019866577 scopus 로고
    • Refractoriness of neurons subserving circling following stimulation of the median raphe region in the rat
    • Miliaressjs, E. (1981) Refractoriness of neurons subserving circling following stimulation of the median raphe region in the rat. Physiol. Behav., 26: 709-713.
    • (1981) Physiol. Behav. , vol.26 , pp. 709-713
    • Miliaressjs, E.1
  • 74
    • 0022861181 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral measurement of axonal thresholds
    • Milner, P.M. and Laferriere, A. (1986) Behavioral measurement of axonal thresholds. Behav. Brain Res., 22: 217-226.
    • (1986) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.22 , pp. 217-226
    • Milner, P.M.1    Laferriere, A.2
  • 75
    • 0024848821 scopus 로고
    • Eye-movement representation in the frontal lobe of rhesus monkeys
    • Mitz, A.R. and Godschalk, M. (1989) Eye-movement representation in the frontal lobe of rhesus monkeys. Neurosci. Lett., 106: 157-162.
    • (1989) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.106 , pp. 157-162
    • Mitz, A.R.1    Godschalk, M.2
  • 76
    • 0023126296 scopus 로고
    • The somatotopic organization of the supplementary motor area: Intracortical microstimulation mapping
    • Mitz, A.R. and Wise, S.P. (1987) The somatotopic organization of the supplementary motor area: intracortical microstimulation mapping. J. Neurosci., 7: 1010-1021.
    • (1987) J. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 1010-1021
    • Mitz, A.R.1    Wise, S.P.2
  • 77
    • 0015899574 scopus 로고
    • Visual receptive fields of frontal eye field neurons
    • Mohler, C.W., Goldberg, M.E. and Wurtz, R.H. (1973) Visual receptive fields of frontal eye field neurons. Brain Res., 61: 385-389.
    • (1973) Brain Res. , vol.61 , pp. 385-389
    • Mohler, C.W.1    Goldberg, M.E.2    Wurtz, R.H.3
  • 79
    • 0020042892 scopus 로고
    • A second forelimb motor area exists in rat frontal cortex
    • Neafsey, E.J. and Sievert, C. (1982) A second forelimb motor area exists in rat frontal cortex. Brain Res., 232: 151-156.
    • (1982) Brain Res. , vol.232 , pp. 151-156
    • Neafsey, E.J.1    Sievert, C.2
  • 80
    • 0023260688 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of purkinje cells in evoking saccadic eye movements by microstimulation of the posterior cerebellar vermis of monkeys
    • Nodo, H. and Fujikado, T. (1987) Involvement of purkinje cells in evoking saccadic eye movements by microstimulation of the posterior cerebellar vermis of monkeys. J. Neurophysiol., 57: 1247-1262.
    • (1987) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.57 , pp. 1247-1262
    • Nodo, H.1    Fujikado, T.2
  • 81
    • 0024274032 scopus 로고
    • Behavior evoked by electrical stimulation of the hamster superior colliculus
    • Northmore, D.P.M., Levine, E.S. and Schneider, G.E. (1988) Behavior evoked by electrical stimulation of the hamster superior colliculus. Exp. Brain Res., 73: 595-605.
    • (1988) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.73 , pp. 595-605
    • Northmore, D.P.M.1    Levine, E.S.2    Schneider, G.E.3
  • 82
    • 0000043617 scopus 로고
    • Self-stimulation of the brain
    • Olds, J. (1958) Self-stimulation of the brain. Science, 14: 315-324.
    • (1958) Science , vol.14 , pp. 315-324
    • Olds, J.1
  • 83
    • 0026564996 scopus 로고
    • Distributed but convergent ordering of corticostriatal projections: Analysis of the frontal eye field in the macaque monkey
    • Parthasarathy, H.B., Schall, J.D. and Graybiel, A.M. (1992) Distributed but convergent ordering of corticostriatal projections: analysis of the frontal eye field in the macaque monkey. J. Neurosci., 12: 4468-4488.
    • (1992) J. Neurosci. , vol.12 , pp. 4468-4488
    • Parthasarathy, H.B.1    Schall, J.D.2    Graybiel, A.M.3
  • 84
    • 77949362605 scopus 로고
    • Somatic, motor and sensory representations in cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation
    • Penfield, W. and Boldrey, E. (1937) Somatic, motor and sensory representations in cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation. Brain, 60: 389-443.
    • (1937) Brain , vol.60 , pp. 389-443
    • Penfield, W.1    Boldrey, E.2
  • 85
    • 0017354811 scopus 로고
    • Responses of single neurons to electrical stimulation of the surface of visual cortex
    • Pollen, D.A. (1977) Responses of single neurons to electrical stimulation of the surface of visual cortex. Brain Behav. Evol., 14: 67-89.
    • (1977) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 67-89
    • Pollen, D.A.1
  • 86
    • 0017332240 scopus 로고
    • Effects of electrical stimulation of brain: Light- and electron-microscope study
    • Pudenz, R.H., Agnew, W.F. and Bullara, L.A. (1977) Effects of electrical stimulation of brain: light- and electron-microscope study. Brain Behav. Evol., 14: 103-125.
    • (1977) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 103-125
    • Pudenz, R.H.1    Agnew, W.F.2    Bullara, L.A.3
  • 87
    • 0016760026 scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of the brain. III. The neural damage model
    • Pudenz, R.H., Bullara, L.A., Jacques, S. and Hambrecht, F.T. (1975) Electrical stimulation of the brain. III. The neural damage model. Surg. Neurol., 4: 389-400.
    • (1975) Surg. Neurol. , vol.4 , pp. 389-400
    • Pudenz, R.H.1    Bullara, L.A.2    Jacques, S.3    Hambrecht, F.T.4
  • 88
    • 0016798749 scopus 로고
    • Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: A review
    • Ranck, J.B. (1975) Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: a review. Brain Res., 98: 417-440.
    • (1975) Brain Res. , vol.98 , pp. 417-440
    • Ranck, J.B.1
  • 90
    • 0021046374 scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation with Pt electrodes. VII. Dissolution of Pt electrodes during electrical stimulation of the cat cerebral cortex
    • Robblee, L.S., McHardy, H., Agnew, W.F. and Bullara, L.A. (1983) Electrical stimulation with Pt electrodes. VII. Dissolution of Pt electrodes during electrical stimulation of the cat cerebral cortex. J. Neurosci. Methods, 9: 301-308.
    • (1983) J. Neurosci. Methods , vol.9 , pp. 301-308
    • Robblee, L.S.1    McHardy, H.2    Agnew, W.F.3    Bullara, L.A.4
  • 91
    • 0015890855 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of threshold currents during microstimulation of fibres in the spinal cord
    • Roberts, W. and Smith, D.O. (1973) Analysis of threshold currents during microstimulation of fibres in the spinal cord. Acta Physiol. Scand., 89: 384-394.
    • (1973) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.89 , pp. 384-394
    • Roberts, W.1    Smith, D.O.2
  • 92
    • 0015432480 scopus 로고
    • Eye movements evoked by collicular stimulation in the alert monkey
    • Robinson, D.A. (1972) Eye movements evoked by collicular stimulation in the alert monkey. Vis. Res., 12: 1795-1808.
    • (1972) Vis. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 1795-1808
    • Robinson, D.A.1
  • 93
    • 0014579202 scopus 로고
    • Eye movements evoked by stimulation of frontal eye fields
    • Robinson, D.A. and Fuchs, A.F. (1969) Eye movements evoked by stimulation of frontal eye fields. J. Neurophysiol., 32: 637-648.
    • (1969) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.32 , pp. 637-648
    • Robinson, D.A.1    Fuchs, A.F.2
  • 94
    • 0018168229 scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of the brain stem in freely moving rats: I. Effects on behavior
    • Robinson, T.E. (1978) Electrical stimulation of the brain stem in freely moving rats: I. Effects on behavior. Physiol. Behav., 21: 223-231.
    • (1978) Physiol. Behav. , vol.21 , pp. 223-231
    • Robinson, T.E.1
  • 95
    • 0018948139 scopus 로고
    • The basic uniformity in structure of the neocortex
    • Rockel, A.J., Hiorns, R.W., Powell, T.P.S. (1980) The basic uniformity in structure of the neocortex. Brain, 103: 221-244.
    • (1980) Brain , vol.103 , pp. 221-244
    • Rockel, A.J.1    Hiorns, R.W.2    Powell, T.P.S.3
  • 96
    • 0015717951 scopus 로고
    • Eye movements evoked by cerebellar stimulation in the alert monkey
    • Ron, S. and Robinson, D.A. (1973) Eye movements evoked by cerebellar stimulation in the alert monkey. J. Neurophysiol., 36: 1004-1022.
    • (1973) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.36 , pp. 1004-1022
    • Ron, S.1    Robinson, D.A.2
  • 97
    • 0018855722 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of the superior colliculus in the alert cat
    • Roucoux, A., Guitton, D. and Crommelinck, M. (1980) Stimulation of the superior colliculus in the alert cat. Exp. Brain Res., 39: 75-85.
    • (1980) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.39 , pp. 75-85
    • Roucoux, A.1    Guitton, D.2    Crommelinck, M.3
  • 98
    • 0343543962 scopus 로고
    • The production of brain lesions with electrical current. II. Bidirectional currents
    • Rowland, V., Maclntrye, W.J. and Bidder, T.G. (1960) The production of brain lesions with electrical current. II. Bidirectional currents. J. Neurosurg., 17: 55-69.
    • (1960) J. Neurosurg. , vol.17 , pp. 55-69
    • Rowland, V.1    MacIntrye, W.J.A.2    Bidder, T.G.3
  • 99
    • 0027530324 scopus 로고
    • Effect of eye position within the orbit on electrically elicited saccadic eye movements: A comparison of the macaque monkey's frontal and supplementary eye fields
    • Russo, G.S. and Bruce, C.J. (1993) Effect of eye position within the orbit on electrically elicited saccadic eye movements: a comparison of the macaque monkey's frontal and supplementary eye fields. J. Neurophysiol., 69: 800-818.
    • (1993) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.69 , pp. 800-818
    • Russo, G.S.1    Bruce, C.J.2
  • 100
    • 0022624364 scopus 로고
    • Movements resembling orientation or avoidance elicited by electrical stimulation of the superior colliculus in rats
    • Sabibzada, N., Dean, P. and Redgrave, P. (1986) Movements resembling orientation or avoidance elicited by electrical stimulation of the superior colliculus in rats. J. Neurosci., 6: 723-733.
    • (1986) J. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 723-733
    • Sabibzada, N.1    Dean, P.2    Redgrave, P.3
  • 101
    • 0017348868 scopus 로고
    • The effect of superior colliculus ablation on saccades elicited by cortical stimulation
    • Schiller, P.H. (1977) The effect of superior colliculus ablation on saccades elicited by cortical stimulation. Brain Res., 122: 154-156.
    • (1977) Brain Res. , vol.122 , pp. 154-156
    • Schiller, P.H.1
  • 102
    • 0020677757 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between visually and electrically elicited saccades before and after superior colliculus and frontal eye field ablations in the rhesus monkey
    • Schiller, P.H. and Sandell, J.H. (1983) Interaction between visually and electrically elicited saccades before and after superior colliculus and frontal eye field ablations in the rhesus monkey. Exp. Brain Res., 49: 381-392.
    • (1983) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.49 , pp. 381-392
    • Schiller, P.H.1    Sandell, J.H.2
  • 103
    • 0015429629 scopus 로고
    • Single-unit recording and stimulation in superior colliculus of the alert rhesus monkey
    • Schiller, P.H. and Stryker, M. (1972) Single-unit recording and stimulation in superior colliculus of the alert rhesus monkey. J. Neurophysiol., 3: 915-924.
    • (1972) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.3 , pp. 915-924
    • Schiller, P.H.1    Stryker, M.2
  • 104
    • 0014942485 scopus 로고
    • Induction of oculomotor responses by electrical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex in the cat
    • Schlag, J. and Schlag-Rey, M. (1970) Induction of oculomotor responses by electrical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex in the cat. Brain Res., 22: 1-13.
    • (1970) Brain Res. , vol.22 , pp. 1-13
    • Schlag, J.1    Schlag-Rey, M.2
  • 105
    • 0015180709 scopus 로고
    • Induction of oculomotor responses from thalamic internal medullary lamina in the cat
    • Schlag, J. and Schlag-Rey, M. (1971) Induction of oculomotor responses from thalamic internal medullary lamina in the cat. Exp. Brain Res., 33: 498-508.
    • (1971) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.33 , pp. 498-508
    • Schlag, J.1    Schlag-Rey, M.2
  • 106
    • 0023123034 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a supplementary eye field
    • Schlag, J. and Schlag-Rey, M. (1987) Evidence for a supplementary eye field. J. Neurophysiol., 57: 179-200.
    • (1987) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.57 , pp. 179-200
    • Schlag, J.1    Schlag-Rey, M.2
  • 108
    • 0021279767 scopus 로고
    • Saccade and blinking evoked by microstimulation of the posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey
    • Shibutani, H., Sakata, H. and Hyvarinen, J. (1984) Saccade and blinking evoked by microstimulation of the posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey. Exp. Brain Res., 55: 1-8.
    • (1984) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.55 , pp. 1-8
    • Shibutani, H.1    Sakata, H.2    Hyvarinen, J.3
  • 109
    • 0017145705 scopus 로고
    • Spinal branching of corticospinal axons in the cat
    • Shinoda, Y., Arnold, A.P. and Asanuma, H. (1976) Spinal branching of corticospinal axons in the cat. Exp. Brain Res., 26: 215-234.
    • (1976) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.26 , pp. 215-234
    • Shinoda, Y.1    Arnold, A.P.2    Asanuma, H.3
  • 110
    • 0018385173 scopus 로고
    • Spinal branching of pyramidal tract neurons in the monkey
    • Shinoda, Y., Zarzecki, P. and Asanuma, H. (1979) Spinal branching of pyramidal tract neurons in the monkey. Exp. Brain Res., 34: 59-72.
    • (1979) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.34 , pp. 59-72
    • Shinoda, Y.1    Zarzecki, P.2    Asanuma, H.3
  • 111
    • 0018885683 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural methods for inferring anatomical linkage between rewarding brain stimulation sites
    • Shizgal, P., Bielajew, C., Corbett, D., Skelton, R. and Yeomans, J.S. (1980) Behavioural methods for inferring anatomical linkage between rewarding brain stimulation sites. J. Comp. Physiol. Psych., 94: 227-237.
    • (1980) J. Comp. Physiol. Psych. , vol.94 , pp. 227-237
    • Shizgal, P.1    Bielajew, C.2    Corbett, D.3    Skelton, R.4    Yeomans, J.S.5
  • 112
    • 0025971030 scopus 로고
    • Medial forebrain bundle units in the rat: Dependence of refractory period estimates on pulse duration
    • Shizgal, P., Conover, K. and Schindler, D. (1991) Medial forebrain bundle units in the rat: dependence of refractory period estimates on pulse duration. Behav. Brain Res., 42: 151-160.
    • (1991) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.42 , pp. 151-160
    • Shizgal, P.1    Conover, K.2    Schindler, D.3
  • 113
    • 0021267717 scopus 로고
    • Head movements elicited by electrical stimulation of the anteromedial cortex of the rat
    • Sinnamon, H.M. and Bradley, S.G. (1984) Head movements elicited by electrical stimulation of the anteromedial cortex of the rat. Physiol. Behav., 33: 185-190.
    • (1984) Physiol. Behav. , vol.33 , pp. 185-190
    • Sinnamon, H.M.1    Bradley, S.G.2
  • 114
    • 0018799028 scopus 로고
    • A qualitative and quantitative electron microscopic study of the neurons in the primate motor and somatic sensory cortices
    • Sloper, J.J., Hirns, R.W. and Powell, T.P.S. (1979) A qualitative and quantitative electron microscopic study of the neurons in the primate motor and somatic sensory cortices. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Ser. B., 285: 123-139.
    • (1979) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Ser. B. , vol.285 , pp. 123-139
    • Sloper, J.J.1    Hirns, R.W.2    Powell, T.P.S.3
  • 115
    • 0018799020 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural features of the sensorimotor cortex of the primate
    • Sloper, J.J. and Powell, T.P.S. (1979a) Ultrastructural features of the sensorimotor cortex of the primate. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Ser. B., 285: 123-139.
    • (1979) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Ser. B. , vol.285 , pp. 123-139
    • Sloper, J.J.1    Powell, T.P.S.2
  • 116
    • 0018799036 scopus 로고
    • A study of the axon initial segment and proximal axon of neurons in the primate motor and somatic sensory cortices
    • Sloper, J.J. and Powell, T.P.S. (1979b) A study of the axon initial segment and proximal axon of neurons in the primate motor and somatic sensory cortices. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Ser. B., 285: 173-179.
    • (1979) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Ser. B. , vol.285 , pp. 173-179
    • Sloper, J.J.1    Powell, T.P.S.2
  • 117
    • 0020657107 scopus 로고
    • Spatial localization of saccade targets. I. Compensation for stimulation-induced perturbations in eye position
    • Sparks, D.L. and Mays, L.E. (1983) Spatial localization of saccade targets. I. Compensation for stimulation-induced perturbations in eye position. J. Neurophysiol., 49: 45-63.
    • (1983) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.49 , pp. 45-63
    • Sparks, D.L.1    Mays, L.E.2
  • 118
    • 0023226779 scopus 로고
    • Eye movements induced by pontine stimulation: Interaction with visually triggered saccades
    • Sparks, D.L., Mays, L.E. and Porter, J.D. (1987) Eye movements induced by pontine stimulation: interaction with visually triggered saccades. J. Neurophysiol., 58: 300-318.
    • (1987) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.58 , pp. 300-318
    • Sparks, D.L.1    Mays, L.E.2    Porter, J.D.3
  • 119
    • 0024477697 scopus 로고
    • Cytoarchitectural characteristics of the frontal eye fields in macaque monkeys
    • Stanton, G.B., Deng, S.-Y., Goldberg, M.E. and McMullen, N.T. (1989) Cytoarchitectural characteristics of the frontal eye fields in macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol., 282: 415-427.
    • (1989) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.282 , pp. 415-427
    • Stanton, G.B.1    Deng, S.-Y.2    Goldberg, M.E.3    McMullen, N.T.4
  • 120
    • 0014329064 scopus 로고
    • Excitation of pyramidal tract cells by intracortical microstimulation: Effective extent of stimulating current
    • Stoney, S.D. Jr., Thompson, W.D. and Asanuma, H. (1968) Excitation of pyramidal tract cells by intracortical microstimulation: effective extent of stimulating current. J. Neurophysiol., 31: 659-669.
    • (1968) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.31 , pp. 659-669
    • Stoney S.D., Jr.1    Thompson, W.D.2    Asanuma, H.3
  • 121
    • 0015697920 scopus 로고
    • Eye movements evoked by focal stimulation of the cats superior colliculus
    • Straschill, M. and Rieger, P. (1973) Eye movements evoked by focal stimulation of the cats superior colliculus. Brain Res., 59: 211-227.
    • (1973) Brain Res. , vol.59 , pp. 211-227
    • Straschill, M.1    Rieger, P.2
  • 122
    • 0016823230 scopus 로고
    • Eye and head movements evoked by electrical stimulation of monkey superior colliculus
    • Stryker, M.P, and Schiller, P.H, (1975) Eye and head movements evoked by electrical stimulation of monkey superior colliculus. Exp. Brain Res., 23: 103-112.
    • (1975) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.23 , pp. 103-112
    • Stryker, M.P.1    Schiller, P.H.2
  • 123
    • 0015235089 scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of the tectum in freely moving cats
    • Syka, J. and Radil-Weiss, T. (1971) Electrical stimulation of the tectum in freely moving cats. Brain Res., 28: 567-572.
    • (1971) Brain Res. , vol.28 , pp. 567-572
    • Syka, J.1    Radil-Weiss, T.2
  • 124
    • 0019964793 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of movement-related activity in two cortical motor areas of primates
    • Tanji, J. and Kurata, K. (1982) Comparison of movement-related activity in two cortical motor areas of primates. J. Neurophysiol., 48: 633-653.
    • (1982) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.48 , pp. 633-653
    • Tanji, J.1    Kurata, K.2
  • 125
    • 0024333347 scopus 로고
    • Head and body movements evoked electrically from the caudal superior colliculus of rats: Pulse frequency effects
    • Tehovnik, E.J. (1989) Head and body movements evoked electrically from the caudal superior colliculus of rats: pulse frequency effects. Behav. Brain Res., 34: 71-78.
    • (1989) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.34 , pp. 71-78
    • Tehovnik, E.J.1
  • 126
    • 0027815245 scopus 로고
    • The dorsomedial frontal cortex of the rhesus monkey: Topographic representation of saccades evoked by electrical stimulation
    • Tehovnik, E.J. and Lee, K.-M. (1993) The dorsomedial frontal cortex of the rhesus monkey: topographic representation of saccades evoked by electrical stimulation. Exp. Brain Res., 96: 430-442.
    • (1993) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.96 , pp. 430-442
    • Tehovnik, E.J.1    Lee, K.-M.2
  • 127
    • 0022510358 scopus 로고
    • Two converging brainstem pathways mediating circling behavior
    • Tehovnik, E.J. and Yeomans, J.S. (1986) Two converging brainstem pathways mediating circling behavior. Brain Res., 385: 329-342.
    • (1986) Brain Res. , vol.385 , pp. 329-342
    • Tehovnik, E.J.1    Yeomans, J.S.2
  • 128
    • 0023239028 scopus 로고
    • Circling elicited from the anteromedial cortex and medial pons: Refractory periods and summation
    • Tehovnik, E.J. and Yeomans, J.S. (1987) Circling elicited from the anteromedial cortex and medial pons: refractory periods and summation. Brain Res., 407: 240-252.
    • (1987) Brain Res. , vol.407 , pp. 240-252
    • Tehovnik, E.J.1    Yeomans, J.S.2
  • 129
    • 0023839833 scopus 로고
    • Contraversive circling elicited from the internal capcule and substantia nigra: Evidence for a continuous axon bundle mediating circling
    • Tehovnik, E.J. and Yeomans, J.S. (1988) Contraversive circling elicited from the internal capcule and substantia nigra: evidence for a continuous axon bundle mediating circling. Brain Res., 441: 269-280.
    • (1988) Brain Res. , vol.441 , pp. 269-280
    • Tehovnik, E.J.1    Yeomans, J.S.2
  • 130
    • 0028314434 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation evoked saccades from the dorsomedial frontal cortex of the rhesus monkey following lesions of the frontal eye fields and superior colliculus
    • Tehovnik, E.J., Lee, K.-M. and Schiller, P.H. (1994) Stimulation evoked saccades from the dorsomedial frontal cortex of the rhesus monkey following lesions of the frontal eye fields and superior colliculus. Exp. Brain Res., 98: 179-190.
    • (1994) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.98 , pp. 179-190
    • Tehovnik, E.J.1    Lee, K.-M.2    Schiller, P.H.3
  • 131
    • 0023106914 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of electrode dissolution products on the high-voltage electron microscope
    • Tivol, W.F., Agnew, W.F., Alvarez, R.B. and Yuen, T.G.H. (1987) Characterization of electrode dissolution products on the high-voltage electron microscope. J. Neurosci. Methods, 19: 323-337.
    • (1987) J. Neurosci. Methods , vol.19 , pp. 323-337
    • Tivol, W.F.1    Agnew, W.F.2    Alvarez, R.B.3    Yuen, T.G.H.4
  • 132
    • 0016282481 scopus 로고
    • An electron microscopic study of the neurons of the visual cortex
    • Tombol, T. (1974) An electron microscopic study of the neurons of the visual cortex. J. Neurocytol., 3: 525-531.
    • (1974) J. Neurocytol. , vol.3 , pp. 525-531
    • Tombol, T.1
  • 133
    • 0011827835 scopus 로고
    • Eye movements induced by electrical stimulation of cerebrum in monkeys and their relationship to bodily movements
    • M.B. Bender (Ed.), Harper and Row, New York
    • Wagman, I.H. (1964) Eye movements induced by electrical stimulation of cerebrum in monkeys and their relationship to bodily movements. In: M.B. Bender (Ed.), The Oculomotor System, Harper and Row, New York, pp. 17-39.
    • (1964) The Oculomotor System , pp. 17-39
    • Wagman, I.H.1
  • 134
    • 0020646019 scopus 로고
    • Strength-duration characteristics of myelinated and non-myelinated bulbospinal axons in the cat spinal cord
    • Lond.
    • West, D.C. and Wolstencroft, J.H. (1983) Strength-duration characteristics of myelinated and non-myelinated bulbospinal axons in the cat spinal cord. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 337: 37-50.
    • (1983) J. Physiol. , vol.337 , pp. 37-50
    • West, D.C.1    Wolstencroft, J.H.2
  • 135
    • 0018608414 scopus 로고
    • Cortical stimulation and suppression of activity in the rat
    • Wilcott, R.C. (1979) Cortical stimulation and suppression of activity in the rat. Physiol. Behav., 23: 1041-1048.
    • (1979) Physiol. Behav. , vol.23 , pp. 1041-1048
    • Wilcott, R.C.1
  • 137
    • 0015402963 scopus 로고
    • Spread of current from monopolar stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus
    • Wise, R.A. (1972) Spread of current from monopolar stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. Am. J. Physiol., 223: 545-548.
    • (1972) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.223 , pp. 545-548
    • Wise, R.A.1
  • 138
    • 0000561972 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative measurements of neural poststimulation excitability with behavioural methods
    • Yeomans, J.S. (1975) Quantitative measurements of neural poststimulation excitability with behavioural methods. Physiol. Behav., 15: 593-602.
    • (1975) Physiol. Behav. , vol.15 , pp. 593-602
    • Yeomans, J.S.1
  • 139
    • 0018394157 scopus 로고
    • The absolute refractory periods of self-stimulation neurons
    • Yeomans, J.S. (1979) The absolute refractory periods of self-stimulation neurons. Physiol. Behav., 22: 911-919.
    • (1979) Physiol. Behav. , vol.22 , pp. 911-919
    • Yeomans, J.S.1
  • 141
    • 0028932286 scopus 로고
    • Electrically evoked behaviors: Axons and synapses mapped with collision tests
    • Yeomans, J.S. (1995) Electrically evoked behaviors: axons and synapses mapped with collision tests, Behav. Brain Res., 67: 121-132.
    • (1995) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.67 , pp. 121-132
    • Yeomans, J.S.1
  • 142
    • 0026530505 scopus 로고
    • Electrically evoked turning: Asymmetric and symmetric collision between anteromedial cortex and striatum
    • Yeomans, J.S. and Buckenham, K.E. (1992) Electrically evoked turning: asymmetric and symmetric collision between anteromedial cortex and striatum. Brain Res., 570: 279-292.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.570 , pp. 279-292
    • Yeomans, J.S.1    Buckenham, K.E.2
  • 143
    • 0021914290 scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal brainstem axons mediating circling: Behavioral measurement of conduction velocity distributions
    • Yeomans, J.S. and Linney, L. (1985) Longitudinal brainstem axons mediating circling: behavioral measurement of conduction velocity distributions. Behav. Brain Res., 15: 121-135.
    • (1985) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.15 , pp. 121-135
    • Yeomans, J.S.1    Linney, L.2
  • 144
    • 0023708704 scopus 로고
    • Turning responses evoked by stimulation of visuomotor pathways
    • Yeomans, J.S. and Tehovnik, E.J. (1988) Turning responses evoked by stimulation of visuomotor pathways. Brain Res. Rev., 13: 235-259.
    • (1988) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.13 , pp. 235-259
    • Yeomans, J.S.1    Tehovnik, E.J.2
  • 145
    • 0021276880 scopus 로고
    • Mapping midbrain sites for circling using current-frequency trade off data
    • Yeomans, J.S., Pearce, R. and Wen, D. (1984) Mapping midbrain sites for circling using current-frequency trade off data. Physiol. Behav., 32: 287-294.
    • (1984) Physiol. Behav. , vol.32 , pp. 287-294
    • Yeomans, J.S.1    Pearce, R.2    Wen, D.3
  • 146
    • 0022415080 scopus 로고
    • Behaviorally measured refractory periods are lengthened by reducing electrode tip exposure or raising current
    • Yeomans, J.S., Mercouris, N. and Ellard, C. (1985) Behaviorally measured refractory periods are lengthened by reducing electrode tip exposure or raising current. Behav. Neurosci., 99: 913-928.
    • (1985) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.99 , pp. 913-928
    • Yeomans, J.S.1    Mercouris, N.2    Ellard, C.3
  • 147
    • 0022448888 scopus 로고
    • Current-distance relations of axons mediating circling elicited by midbrain stimulation
    • Yeomans, J.S., Prior, P. and Bateman, F. (1986) Current-distance relations of axons mediating circling elicited by midbrain stimulation. Brain Res., 372: 95-106.
    • (1986) Brain Res. , vol.372 , pp. 95-106
    • Yeomans, J.S.1    Prior, P.2    Bateman, F.3
  • 148
    • 0023882817 scopus 로고
    • Excitability properties of medial forebrain bundle axons of A9 and A10 dopamine cells
    • Yeomans, J.S., Maidment, N.T. and Bunney, B.S. (1988) Excitability properties of medial forebrain bundle axons of A9 and A10 dopamine cells. Brain Res., 450: 86-93.
    • (1988) Brain Res. , vol.450 , pp. 86-93
    • Yeomans, J.S.1    Maidment, N.T.2    Bunney, B.S.3
  • 149
    • 0019487623 scopus 로고
    • Histological evaluation of neural damage from electrical stimulation: Considerations for the selection of parameters for clinical application
    • Yuen, T.G.H., Agnew, W.F., Bullara, L.A., Jacques, S. and McCreery, D.B. (1981) Histological evaluation of neural damage from electrical stimulation: Considerations for the selection of parameters for clinical application. Neurosurgy, 9: 292-299.
    • (1981) Neurosurgy , vol.9 , pp. 292-299
    • Yuen, T.G.H.1    Agnew, W.F.2    Bullara, L.A.3    Jacques, S.4    McCreery, D.B.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.